GZMB在乳腺癌和乳腺良性肿物患者中的表达及与T淋巴细胞水平的关系研究

目的:探讨颗粒酶B(granzyme B,GZMB)在乳腺癌和乳腺良性肿物患者中的表达及与T淋巴细胞水平的关系。方法:选取2022年1月至2023年8月南阳市第一人民医院收治的乳腺癌患者63例为观察组,根据肿瘤分期分为T_(1)N_(0)M_(0)组、T_(2)N_(0)M_(0)组、T_(2)N_(1)M_(0)组、T_(3)N_(0)M_(0)组及T_(3)N_(1)M_(0)组;选择同期治疗的乳腺良性肿物患者9例为对照组;采用流式细胞仪测定各组GZMB及T淋巴细胞水平;对乳腺癌患者GZMB与T淋巴细胞参数完成相关性分析。结果:观察组乳腺癌患者GZMB水平高于对照组(P<0.05);CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)及CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)水平低于对照组(P<0.05);乳腺癌不同分期下CD_(8)^(+)水平无统计差异(P>0.05);乳腺癌患者中T_(3)N_(1)M_(0)组GZMB水平高于其余4组(P<0.05),CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)及CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)水平低于其余4组(P<0.05);乳腺癌患者分期越高,GZMB水平越高,CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)及CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)水平越低;Pearson相关性结果表明,乳腺癌患者GZMB水平与CD_(3)^(+)、CD_(4)^(+)及CD_(4)^(+)/CD_(8)^(+)水平呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:GZMB在乳腺癌患者中呈高表达,其表达水平在不同分期中存在差异,且与T淋巴细胞水平存在相关性,可指导临床诊疗。

Factors Associated with Antibody Levels among Children Aged 15 to 59 Months Vaccinated against Hepatitis B during the Expanded Program on Immunization in Cameroon

Background: the hepatitis B virus infection remains a major public health problem worldwide. It can lead to a liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recommended the implementation of generalised vaccination programs against hepatitis B. In Cameroon, this vaccine was introduced in the expanded program on immunization (EPI) in 2005, but few studies have assessed the immune response. Objective: the general objective of this study was to identify factors associated with antibody levels among children aged from 15 to 59 months vaccinated against hepatitis B during the EPI in Cameroon. Method: this was a cross-sectional study carried out from December 2021 to June 2022 in a paediatric centre of Yaoundé (Cameroon). We analysed the antibody level in children vaccinated against hepatitis B within the framework of the EPI. We enrolled children who had received a series of 3 intramuscular doses of hepatitis B vaccine at 6, 10 and 14 weeks after birth. Some children could receive a 4th booster dose between 12 months. The antibody level was assessed by measuring the anti-HBs in such children, aged 15 - 59 months. A good immunization was defined as a serum level of anti-HBs antibody level above 100 IU/mL;a poor immunization, for an anti-HBs antibody level between 10 and 100 IU/mL;and a non-immunization, for an anti-HBs antibody level < 10 IU/mL. Association between explored factors and poor or non-immunization was evaluated through the Chi square test. The significance threshold was defined at p < 0.05. Results: sixty subjects were included in the study with a slight female majority: 31 cases (52%). The average age was 38.5 ± 15.7 months (range 15 - 59 months). We found 32 (53%) cases of good immunization;21 (35%) of poor immunization;and 7 children (12%) with a non-immunization. The only factor associated with poor or non-immunization was the age between 37 - 59 months (p = 0.016). Conclusion: Anti HBs Antibody levels in children vaccinated against hepatitis B virus were globally satisfactory in our series. Results show an association between low antibody levels with older age (over 36 months), suggesting a circulating antibodies levels decrease over time, yet deemed protecting until 59 months.

黄皮新肉桂酰胺B的小鼠降脂活性及毒副作用

目的:探究鸡心黄皮果核中黄皮新肉桂酰胺B(lansiumamide B,LB)作用于高脂饮食(high fat diet,HFD)模型C57BL/6J小鼠的降脂活性及在实验过程中的毒副作用,为其应用于更多活性领域研究提供安全性依据。方法:以C57BL/6J小鼠为动物模型,经口灌胃LB以探究对小鼠的无可见有害作用水平(no observed adverse effect level,NOAEL),作为降脂实验浓度设置依据;建立HFD模型后,以LB 1/100、1/50、1/25 NOAEL剂量对小鼠给药灌胃4周,通过体质量、血脂生化指标、胰岛素抵抗、氧化应激等指标评价LB降脂活性。结果:经口急性毒性实验结果得出LB对C57BL/6小鼠的NOAEL为2 g/kg mb;HFD模型实验结果显示LB能够显著降低小鼠体质量,LB高剂量组与HFD组相比,体质量下降15.51%、Lee’s指数下降3.25%、血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度上升38.04%,超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活力分别提高41.86%、41.95%和105.50%。结论:LB的NOAEL为2 g/kg mb,LB在NOAEL剂量范围内对小鼠具有显著降脂活性且无明显可见毒副作用。

弱B对称流形

本文研究了一类特殊的对称流形(弱B对称流形,简记(WBS)n)的几何性质问题.利用B张量的对称性,获得了(WBS)n是一个2阶爱因斯坦流形的充分条件并证明这个流形是拟爱因斯坦流形.根据指标的轮换,分别获得了1-形式K和ω是闭形式的充要条件,继而考虑满足爱因斯坦度量条件的(WBS)_(n)(n>2).最后给出一个(WBS)_(4)的例子.

Predictive Value of Serum pgRNA on HBeAg Clearance in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B with Low HBeAg Levels Treated with Pegylated Interferon

Objective:To study the predictive value of serum pregenomic RNA(pgRNA)on HBeAg clearance in patients with chronic hepatitis B with low HBeAg levels during pegylated interferon therapy.Methods:Twenty chronic hepatitis B patients with HBeAg positive and quantitative<50S/CO were selected for this study.The subjects underwent pegylated interferon therapy for 48-96 weeks and were followed up in the outpatient clinic after treatment.The patients were then divided into groups based on whether their HbeAg turned negative.The predictive ability of each indicator for HBeAg negative conversion was evaluated in the HBeAg negative group and the HBeAg positive group.Results:The results of logistic regression analysis suggested that pgRNA and HBcrAg were better indicators for predicting the clearance of HBeAg after treatment.Conclusion:For patients with chronic hepatitis B with low HBeAg levels,pgRNA is a good indicator in predicting HBeAg clearance during pegylated interferon therapy.

Review on article of effects of tenofovir alafenamide and entecavir in chronic hepatitis B virus patients

This letter comments on the article which reported that tenofovir alafenamide may increase blood lipid levels compared with entecavir in patients with chronic hepatitis B published on World J Hepatol 2023 August 27.We review the related research content,topic selection,methodology,conclusions,strengths and weaknesses of this article.And evaluate it in relation to other published relevant articles.

基于B样条的(保边界的)高精度符号距离函数重建

针对隐式符号距离函数重建这一问题,提出一种高精度的符号距离函数重建方法.首先,基于快速行进法获得离散的符号距离场;其次,针对离散符号距离场进行B样条自适应拟合;最后,为了提高重建的边界拟合精度,在拟合的目标函数中考虑了边界误差,得到了在边界上具有较高精度的离散符号距离函数重建结果.实验结果表明,通过上述方法获得的隐式符号距离函数重建结果,在保证符号距离函数拟合良好的情况下其零水平集能很好的贴合原始边界.

某中庭大开洞超B级复杂高层结构设计与分析

某办公楼,房屋高度为198.85 m,采用框架-核心筒结构体系,属于超B级高度的超限高层。为此,在建筑方案设计阶段,尽量减少平面和竖向不规则项。但由于建筑采光及通风需要,中庭采用比较少见的通高开大开洞平面布置形式,并在洞口四周布置剪力墙,形成核心筒内筒,同时针对中庭大开洞影响,进行多方案计算比较分析。在结构设计过程中,使用两种不同的计算软件进行小震作用下弹性计算分析,并对计算结果进行对比分析。综合各种因素,抗震性能目标取为C级,按照C级目标进行中震、大震下分析计算。依据大震下主体结构的具体损伤情况,对薄弱部位采取加强措施。计算结果表明,关键构件均能达到预先设定目标,结构安全可靠,可为同类型项目结构设计提供思路和参考。

PRETCO-B测试模式下广西高职英语教学探索

高等学校英语应用能力考试(Practical English Test for Colleges,简称PRETCO)旨在测试学生的英语应用能力,对高职英语教学有重要的指导意义。通过分析PRETCO测试对高职英语教学的影响,探索PRETCO-B测试模式下的广西高职英语教学改革方法,并从教材选择、课程设置、教学方法、教学手段、评估模式等方面提出了可行性意见。

PRETCO(B级)题型改革及教学对策探析

对比分析高等学校应用能力考试(B级)改革前后的内容与题型可以发现,新考纲进一步体现了高职高专英语"应用为主,够用为度"的教学宗旨。针对这一变化趋势,教师应采用多种教学方法,提高自身的"双师"素质,培养学生的职业能力和应用能力。

基于B样条的Level-Set GPU演化算法

大部分Level-Set演化模型基于平均曲率或梯度,这对去除3D数据的噪声时保持线状特征是不利的;在解Level-Set演化方程时一般采用迎风格式,精度较低。设计了基于曲率差的高阶演化方程以及基于B样条和中心差分的混合GPU解法器。实验结果表明,基于曲率差的演化方程能够在光顺数据时保持线状特征。

图式理论在PRETCO-B听力教学中的运用——以黎明职业大学为例

为考察运用图式理论进行PRETCO-B听力训练能否增强学生的听力训练效果,提高学生听力理解能力。参加本次实验的学生分成实验组和参照组,参照组采用传统的听力教学手段,实验组的学生采用图式构建辅助听力训练。结果显示,实验组通过图式构建辅助听力训练,测试成绩显著优于参照组(P<0.05)。由此得出结论,运用图式理论进行B级听力训练可以增强学生的听力训练效果,提高学生的听力理解能力。

PRETCO—B听力部分的答题策略探析

PRETCO—B听力部分在高等学校英语应用能力考试中占一定的比重，因其取材范围广泛，考生掌握必要的应对策略，能有效地提高解题的准确率，提升备考效率和学业成绩。

重症胰腺炎患者血清载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A1、微管相关蛋白1-轻链3和细胞间黏附分子-1水平在预测并发感染性胰腺坏死中的价值

目的观察重症胰腺炎(SAP)患者血清载脂蛋白B与载脂蛋白A1比值(ApoB/ApoA1)、微管相关蛋白1-轻链3(MAP1-LC3)及细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)水平,并分析其与患者并发感染性胰腺坏死(IPN)的关系和预测价值。方法选取2019年1月至2022年1月于该院收治的172例SAP患者作为SAP组。收集临床资料及外周静脉血标本,检测患者血清ApoB/ApoA1、MAP1-LC3和ICAM-1水平,同期选取该院70例体检健康者作为对照组。比较SAP患者与体检健康者的血清ApoB/ApoA1、MAP1-LC3和ICAM-1水平差异;根据SAP患者后续有无并发IPN分为IPN组和非IPN组。采用单因素及多因素分析比较两组患者临床资料,分析血清ApoB/ApoA1、MAP1-LC3、ICAM-1水平及其他相关因素与SAP患者并发IPN的关系;并通过绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析血清ApoB/ApoA1、LC3和ICAM-1水平用于预测SAP患者并发IPN的价值。结果SAP组血清ApoB/ApoA1、MAP1-LC3、ICAM-1水平均高于对照组(均P<0.05);单因素分析显示,IPN组ApoB/ApoA1、MAP1-LC3及ICAM-1水平均高于非IPN组(均P<0.05),多因素分析显示,ApoB/ApoA1(β=2.309,P=0.027)、MAP1-LC3(β=5.447,P=0.037)及ICAM-1(β=0.039,P=0.045)水平均是SAP患者并发IPN的影响因素。血清ApoB/ApoA1、MAP1-LC3及ICAM-1水平预测SAP患者并发IPN的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.761(95%CI:0.683~0.840)、0.765(95%CI:0.681~0.848)、0.882(95%CI:0.829~0.935);灵敏度分别为76.1%、68.7%、71.6%,特异度分别为61.0%、89.5%、91.4%。联合预测的AUC为0.957,灵敏度为85.1%,特异度为96.2%。结论血清ApoB/ApoA1、MAP1-LC3、ICAM-1水平是SAP患者并发IPN的影响因素,并发IPN的患者ApoB/ApoA1、MAP1-LC3和ICAM-1水平更高,这些指标对于预测SAP患者并发IPN具有一定的价值。

Individualized management of pregnant women with high hepatitis B virus DNA levels

Hepatitis B is a major health concern in the Asia-Pacific region,and is endemic in China,Southeast Asia,and Africa.Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection may cause hepatic cirrhosis and liver cancer.It is estimated that there are more than 350 million chronic HBV carriers worldwide,of whom approximately one quarter will die of chronic hepatitis B-related liver diseases.HBV is transmitted horizontally through blood and blood products or by sexual transmission,and vertically from mother to infant.Perinatal infection is the predominant mode of transmission in countries with a high prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)carriage,and perinatal transmission leads to high rates of chronic infection.Therefore,it is important to prevent the mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of HBV.Research has shown that pregnant women with high HBV DNA levels have an increased risk of MTCT.However,most of the obstetrics guidelines do not make a distinction between pregnant women with high HBV DNA levels and those who are HBsAg positive only.This review addresses the management of pregnant women with high levels of HBV viremia,in terms of antiviral therapy,use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIG),the combined application of hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG,choice of delivery mode and feeding practices.

Efficacy of telbivudine in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with high baseline ALT levels

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of telbivudine(LDT) in hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients who have high baseline alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels between 10 and 20 times the upper limit of normal.METHODS:Forty HBeAg-positive CHB patients with high baseline ALT levels between 10 and 20 times the upper limit of normal were enrolled and received LDT monotherapy for 52 wk.Another forty patients with baseline ALT levels between 2 and 10 times the upper limit of normal were included as controls.We compared the virological,biochemical,serological and side effect profiles between the two groups at 52 wk.RESULTS:By week 52,the mean decrease in hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA level compared with baseline was 7.03 log10 copies/mL in the high baseline ALT group and 6.17 log10 copies/mL in the control group,respectively(P < 0.05).The proportion of patients in whom serum HBV DNA levels were undetectable by polymerase chain reaction assay was 72.5% in the high baseline ALT group and 60% in the control group,respectively(P < 0.05).In addition,45.0% of patients in the high baseline ALT group and 27.5% of controls became HBeAg-negative,and 37.5% of those in the high baseline group and 22.5% of controls,respectively,had HBeAg seroconversion(P < 0.05) at week 52.Moreover,in the high baseline group,4 out of 40 patients(10%) became hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)-negative and 3(7.5%) of them seroconverted(became HBsAg-positive).Only 1 patient in the control group became HBsAg-negative,but had no seroconversion.The ALT normalization rate,viral breakthrough,genotypic resistance to LDT,and elevations in creatine kinase levels were similar in the two groups over the 52 wk.CONCLUSION:High baseline ALT level is a strong predictor for optimal results during LDT treatment.

基于二维B-splines方法研究强磁场中类氢离子He+的低能能级

采用改进的二维B-spline方法在柱坐标系下研究了强磁场下类氢离子He^(+)的结构和电子空间几率密度,计算包含三种对称性0^(+)、0^(-)和(^(-)1)^(+)共10个本征态1 0^(+)、2 0^(+)、ν 0^(-)(ν=1~4)和ν(-1)^(+)(ν=1~4)的能级,选定磁感应强度分别为0、0.001、0.003、0.005、0.007、0.010、0.030、0.050、0.070、0.100、0.200、0.300、0.500、0.700和1.000 a.u.。计算结果表明,类氢离子He^(+)的能级在强磁场中发生劈裂,简并度消除,得到了各个能级随磁感应强度变化规律,并且发现随着磁感应强度的增加能级高低会改变,甚至会发生能级翻转现象;定量地研究了类氢离子He^(+)的基态1 0^(+)和激发态3 0^(-)几率密度分布随磁感应强度的变化规律,并与氢原子进行比较。本研究部分计算结果与他人研究结果十分吻合,有助于进一步理解其他复杂原子的电子运动行为。

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Serum Level Is Correlated with Fibrosis Severity in Treatment-Naïve, Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)?

HBsAg serum level (quantification) may be useful for managing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection patients. However few studies especially in Africa have evaluated the association between HBsAg serum level and liver fibrosis severity. The objective of this study was to estimate the correlation between HBsAg serum level and liver fibrosis severity with treatment naive chronic hepatitis B patients in Cote d’Ivoire. Methodology: It is a prospective study covering from February 1st, 2014 to April 30st, 2015 at Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Yopougon and a private medical office in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire. Inclusion criteria for patients were: HBsAg positive, known HBeAg status, serum HBsAg levels, serum HBV DNA levels, complex serum markers and absence of HCV, HDV, or HIV co-infection, drinking more than 30 g/day for men and 20 g/day in women over 10 years, metabolic disease and/or hepatic overload. Pearson’s Chi-square test (r2), Anova, Spearman, T-Student, Pearson’s (r) correlations and Mann Withney’s Test were carried out as appropriate. A p value < 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: We recruited, 105 patients (77 men) of whom the medium age was 39.01 ± 9.72 years. Predominant hepatitis B viral genotype was E (93%). Less than 10% patients had an inactive HBV in HBeAg-negative. Patients had an average high HBsAg serum level (mean 12111.2 ± 10617.4 IU/ml) as well as the one viral load (mean 4.4 e7 ± 7.5 e7). Serum ALAT levels averaged at the upper limit of normal value. The average liver fibrosis score was 0.34 ± 0.22 and the degree of viral activity was 0.19 ± 0.20. Half of our patients had no fibrosis (35.24%) or had mild fibrosis (20.95%). No significant association was observed between HBsAg serum level and patient age (p = 0.3994), genre (p = 0.8075) or serum ALT levels (p = 0, 0787). In multivariate analysis, there’s a significant correlation (r = 0.239, p = 0.014) between HBV DNA levels and HBsAg serum level. There’s a significant correlation (r = 0.923, p < 0.0001) between HBsAg serum level and the dosage of alpha-fetoprotein. HBsAg serum level was not associated with the fibrosis stage (p = 0.281). HBsAg levels average with patients without fibrosis or carry a slight fibrosis (F0, F1) was higher than patients with moderate to severe fibrosis (F2, F3, F4): 13679.2 UI/ml ± 1956.48 versus 10610.52 UI/ml ± 8998.99 (p = 0.29). There’s a negative correlation between HBsAg level and the liver fibrosis score was negative (r = -0.069, p = 0.48). No significant association between HBsAg level and the liver fibrosis patients that were normal (p = 0.7965) or elevated (p = 0.5845). HBV DNA level was significantly associated with fibrosis score (r = 0.30, p = 0.0018). Conclusion: This study shows that there’s a negative correlation between HBsAg serum level and liver fibrosis severity treatment naive with African chronic hepatitis B viral HBeAg-negative patients.

220例血清HBV DNA≤2000 IU/mL的代偿期肝硬化患者肝功能评价指标、并发症分析

目的了解血清乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA≤2000 IU/mL的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)相关代偿期肝硬化患者的肝功能及并发症发生情况,为后续临床诊疗提供依据。方法220例血清HBV DNA≤2000IU/mL的HBV相关代偿期肝硬化患者,收集其肝功能评价指标资料和并发症资料。结果220例患者肝功能生化指标血清甲胎蛋白为4.80(2.12,8.35)ng/mL、总胆红素为18.90(14.10,28.76)μmol/L,白蛋白为39.35(34.60,43.90)g/L、肌酐为64(56,73.52)μmol/L、丙氨酸转氨酶为31.73(21.12,52.17)U/L、天冬氨酸转氨酶为30.35(23.85,48.85)U/L、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶42.70(24,66.08)U/L、碱性磷酸酶为82.05(63.38,113)U/L、血小板为105(57.25,158)×109/L、凝血酶原活动度为81.03%(66%,93.97%)、国际标准化比值为1.09(1.02,1.21);肝功能CTP分级以A级为主,终末期肝病模型评分(8.91±3.78)分、天冬氨酸转移酶及血小板比率指数(1.63±2.83)分、基于4因子的肝纤维化指数评分(4.84±5.28)分。220例患者中HBV DNA阳性(血清HBV DNA 100~2000 IU/mL)49例、乙肝表面抗原阳性183例、乙肝e抗原阳性151例。220例患者并发症发生情况为脾大103例、脾功能亢进110例、食管胃底静脉曲张74例、门静脉血栓6例、HCC 6例。与其他年龄比较,年龄<40岁的HBV相关代偿期肝硬化患者脾大发生率高(χ^(2)=6.864,P<0.05)。结论虽然血清HBV DNA≤2000 IU/mL的代偿期HBV相关肝硬化患者的肝功能基本正常,但部分指标处于正常范围的低值。血清HBV DNA≤2000 IU/mL的代偿期HBV相关肝硬化患者脾大、脾功能亢进等并发症发生率较高。

Clinical significance of hepatitis B e antigen level measurement during long-term lamivudine therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients with e antigen positive

AIM: To determine the changes of quantitative hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) that predicts early detection of non- response or breakthrough to long-term lamivudine (LAM) therapy.METHODS: Among HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B patients who failed to achieve HBeAg seroconversion within 12 mo, we retrospectively analyzed 220 patients who had received LAM more than 24 mo. RESULTS: The mean duration of LAM therapy was 36 (range, 24-72) mo. HBeAg seroconversion after the first 12 mo of LAM therapy was achieved in 53 (24.1%) patients. Viral breakthrough was observed in 105 (47.7%) patients. To find out whether the changing patterns of HBeAg levels can predict the outcome of LAM therapy, we analyzed the reduction rates of HBeAg levels during LAM therapy. Using the decrease more than 90% of pretreatment HBeAg levels, the sensitivity and specificity of response were 96.2% and 70.1%, respectively. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the reduction patterns of the decrease of quantitative HBeAg: decrescendo, decrescendo-crescendo, no change or fluctuating groups. The optimal time to predict non- response or breakthrough was the first 9 mo of therapy. At 9 mo of therapy, 49 (92.5%) of 53 patients who had achieved HBeAg seroconversion were included in the decrescendo group. On the contrary, in the no change or fluctuating group, only four (7.5%) had achieved HBeAg seroconversion. Among patients who did not show the continuous decrease of HBeAg levels at 9 mo, 95.2% (negative predictive value) failed to achieve HBeAg seroconversion.CONCLUSION: Almost all patients who failed to showa continuous decrease of HBeAg levels at 9 mo of LAM therapy were non-response or breakthrough. Therefore, monitoring changes of HBeAg levels during LAM therapy in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B may be valuable for identifying patients who are at high risk of non-response or breakthrough.