Ecological Security Evaluation Algorithm for Resource-Exhausted Cities Based on the PSR Model

Today,resource depletion threatens a number of resource-based cities in China.The ecological security problem caused by the long-term exploitation of natural resources is a key issue to be solved in the development of resource-exhausted cities.Using 23 indicators,this study evaluated the ecological security status and development trends of 21 resource-exhausted cities in China from 2011 to 2017.The results showed that from 2011 to 2015,the overall ecological security of this type of city was low,with over 60%of the cities at an unsafe level.However,ecological security improved rapidly after 2016,and by 2017,all of the cities had reached the critical safety level.The top 10 indicators of ecological security included industrial sulfur dioxide emissions,water supply,agricultural fertilizer application,and forest coverage.These 10 indicators’cumulative contribution to ecological security was 48.3%;among them,reducing industrial sulfur dioxide emissions contributed the most at 5.7%.These findings can help governments better understand the ecological security status of resource-exhausted cities,and it can provide a reference for the allocation of funds and other resources to improve the ecological safety of these cities.

Evaluation on Urban Land Ecological Security Based on the PSR Model and Matter-Element Analysis: A Case Study of Zhuhai, Guangdong, China

As one of the Special Economic Zones since the reform and opening up, Zhuhai has developed during the past 30 years. Its economic development, industrial structure and ecological environment have undergone great changes. Research on changes in Zhuhai’s land ecological security is of great significance. Using relevant data from 2007-2012, this study established a land ecological security assessment system based on the PSR conceptual framework model. The system contained 18 indicators from 3 aspects according to the concrete features of Zhuhai. Then we used the matterelement analysis and the improved entropy weight to analyze and evaluate the land ecological security of Zhuhai. The results showed that: from 2007 to 2012, the levels of the land ecological security of Zhuhai were “secure”, and the value increased year by year;as the land ecological security response value increased, Zhuhai was capable of solving land ecosystem problems. However, it should be noted that the structure of land ecosystem in Zhuhai has not formed and that rapid expansion of construction land has caused the shortage of cultivated land and other issues. Measures should be taken to control the construction area, improve land intensive utilization and improve the land ecological security.

Evaluation of the Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Chongqing Based on PSR Model

Through a series of exploration based on PSR framework model,for the purpose of building a suitable Chongqing agricultural nonpoint source pollution evaluation index system model framework,combined with the presence of Chongqing specific agro-environmental issues,we build a agricultural non-point source pollution assessment index system,and then study the agricultural system pressure,agro-environmental status and human response in total 3 major categories,develope an agricultural non-point source pollution evaluation index consisting of 3 criteria indicators and 19 indicators. As can be seen from the analysis,pressures and responses tend to increase and decrease linearly,state and complex have large fluctuations,and their fluctuations are similar mainly due to the elimination of pressures and impact,increasing the impact for agricultural non-point source pollution.

Assessing performance of cross-administrative environment governance based on PSR model:An empirical analysis of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

As an effective environment governance tool,environment governance performance evaluation is an important content and method to promote the modernization of environment governance system and governance ability.The environmental pollution of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has typical cross-administrative characteristics.Based on the analysis of the major environmental pollution problems in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,according to the international environment governance PSR model,a performance evaluation system that applies to the environment governance of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is established.Meanwhile,the principal component analysis method is applied to conduct an empirical analysis of the environmental governance panel data for the 13 major cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2014 to 2016.The results show that most of the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region attach great importance to reduction of emission and pollutants,continuously alleviating the stress of environmental governance.However,the overall improvement of the environment governance performance in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has presented a polarization imbalance.There is a clear tendency for subjective biases in the implementation of environment governance and a lack of comprehensive and systematic governance.According to the environment governance performance evaluation result of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the cross-administrative regional environment governance should improve the environment governance performance evaluation system as soon as possible,strengthen the consistency of the environment governance objectives,and implement comprehensive and systematic governance for the regional environment.

基于PSR模型的城市河流湿地生态健康评价——以苏州市姑苏区为例

城市河流湿地的生态健康是城市生态可持续的重要基础。本研究以苏州市姑苏区河流湿地为研究对象,运用层次分析法与模糊综合评价法评价其河流湿地健康状况。结果表明:苏州市姑苏区河流湿地的生态健康状况处于“中等”等级,接近“亚健康”状态;准则层的排序权重为状态层指标>压力层指标>响应层指标,说明状态层指标能直观反映河流湿地的健康状态,其状态层的综合健康指数为0.658;各河段健康状态与其所对应的城市流域所承受的压力存在着密切联系,城市的建设强度和植被覆盖率因素对姑苏区河流湿地的健康状态具有显著影响。

基于PSR模型的历史文化名镇风貌保护质量评价——以兰州青城为例

历史文化名镇风貌保护的质量对于名镇进一步保护与开发具有至关重要的意义。为了更好地衡量风貌保护工作的水平,引入生态学中的PSR评价模型,从风貌压力、风貌状态、风貌响应三个维度建立历史文化名镇风貌保护质量评价指标体系,最后运用模糊综合评价法对兰州青城的风貌保护质量进行评价。研究发现:基于PSR模型构建的历史文化名镇风貌保护评价指标体系在实践中能够准确反映其保护状态和现状问题,具有较高的科学性和可操作性,能够为历史文化名镇风貌保护工作提供指导和参考。

Measuring the agricultural sustainability of India:An application of Pressure-State-Response(PSR)model

Analyzing agricultural sustainability is essential for designing and assessing rural development initiatives.However,accurately measuring agricultural sustainability is complicated since it involves so many different factors.This study provides a new suite of quantitative indicators for assessing agricultural sustainability at regional and district levels,involving environmental sustainability,social security,and economic security.Combining the PressureState-Response(PSR)model and indicator approach,this study creates a composite agricultural sustainability index for the 14 mainstream agro-climatic regions of India.The results of this study show that the Trans-Gengatic Plain Region(TGPR)ranks first in agricultural sustainability among India's 14 mainstream agro-climatic regions,while the Eastern Himalayan Region(EHR)ranks last.Higher livestock ownership,cropping intensity,per capita income,irrigation intensity,share of institutional credit,food grain productivity,crop diversification,awareness of minimum support price,knowledge sharing with fellow farmers,and young and working population,as well as better transportation facilities and membership of agricultural credit societies are influencing indicators responsible for higher agricultural sustainability in TGPR compared with EHR.Although,the scores of environmental sustainability indicators of EHR are quite good,its scores of social and economic security indicators are fairly low,putting it at the bottom of the rank of agricultural sustainability index among the 14 mainstream agroclimatic regions in India.This demonstrates the need of understanding agricultural sustainability in relation to social and economic dimensions.In a nation as diverse and complicated as India,it is the social structure that determines the health of the economy and environment.Last but not least,the sustainability assessment methodology may be used in a variety of India's agro-climatic regions.

基于PSR模型的太湖流域生态健康评价及主要影响因素

压力—状态—响应(PSR)模型能反映社会经济状况对湖泊水体生态环境带来的影响。基于PSR模型,构建包含人口密度、流域植被指数、换水周期、浮游植物多样性指数等18项指标的评价指标体系,评价太湖流域生态健康状况。选取1999年、2007年作为历史对照年份,将2011—2020年流域健康状况与对照年份进行比较,分析太湖流域生态健康状况变化。结果显示:1)所构建的指标体系状态层、压力层、响应层权重分别为0.418、0.291、0.291,对太湖流域生态健康产生较大影响的指标主要为大型水生植被覆盖度、湖泊总磷达标率、环保投资占GDP比例、湖泊综合营养状态指数(TSI)、水资源利用开发率及浮游植物多样性指数,其总贡献率为51.74%。2)1999年、2007年太湖流域生态健康评价结果为不健康,2011—2020年处于一般健康至健康状态,其中2015年、2017年生态健康评价指数降低,但总体上2011—2020年流域健康状况呈好转趋势。2011年之后太湖流域健康状况好转主要得益于近十几年中央与地方合力进行流域治理、生态修复和综合管理。2015年、2017年流域生态健康指数波动主要归因于不利的气象因素。3)大型水生植被覆盖度、湖泊总磷达标率、湖泊TSI、浮游植物多样性指数这4项指标的变化与太湖流域生态健康评价指数的变化及健康水平相关性较高,近20年来环保投资占GDP比例的提高、水资源开发利用率的优化在一定程度上减缓了这4项指标下降对太湖流域生态健康带来的不利影响。

基于PSR模型的甘肃河西走廊地区农业生态安全评价及影响因素分析

农业生态安全指农业自然资源与生态环境处于一种健康、平衡、不受威胁的状态,是农业可持续发展的基础,保障农业生态安全是发展绿色农业的基本要求。近年来甘肃河西走廊地区由于农业生产中资源不合理利用以及经济发展粗放等行为,其农业生态环境受到了破坏。因此,本研究选择甘肃河西走廊地区重要农业区的三个城市作为研究对象,运用综合评价模型对2008-2017年农业生态安全进行综合评价,并采用因子障碍度模型进行影响因素分析。研究结果表明,(1)2008-2017年甘肃河西走廊地区农业生态安全水平在不断提升,农业生态环境在逐渐改善。(2)张掖市农业生态安全等级由“较不安全”向“较安全”转变,武威市农业生态安全等级由“较不安全”上升至“较安全”等级,酒泉市农业生态安全等级由“较不安全”向“临界安全”转变。(3)影响张掖、武威、酒泉农业生态安全的障碍因素有重叠又有不同,其中“森林覆盖率”“农膜使用强度”“居民受教育程度”等因子是影响河西走廊地区农业生态安全共有的障碍因素,各区域应该结合当地的实际情况采取有效的应对措施。

基于PSR模型的国际工程项目施工安全风险指标体系研究--以肯尼亚KU医院项目为例

国际工程施工过程中,优化安全风险管理尤为重要。目前,相关研究主要集中在国际工程的全过程风险,较少针对施工过程中的安全风险。因此,文中提出基于PSR模型的国际工程项目施工安全风险指标体系,并以肯尼亚KU医院项目为例,分别从压力、状态、响应三个方面对指标体系进行识别和构建,以期对实际工程提供一定参考。

基于熵权法—PSR模型的重庆市大气污染治理政策效果评价

采用PSR模型构建重庆市大气污染治理政策效果评价指标体系,通过熵权法与综合指数法对政策效果综合评价,并引进障碍度模型进行障碍因子判断。结果表明,重庆市大气污染治理政策效果显著提升,大气环境质量得到明显改善,压力、状态、响应层面总体上取得了较满意的效果;工业废气排放持续有效控制尚需加强和人均机动车保有量持续增加,NO_(2)、O_(3)污染物排放控制力度需要加强;缺乏较为完善的大气环境污染协同防治体系,是制约重庆市大气污染治理政策效果的重要障碍因素。因此,加强工业氮氧化物和挥发性有机物的深度治理、加强新生产和在用汽车排放管理和完善“政-企-民”协同防治体系,是进一步提升大气污染治理政策效果主要着力点。

基于PSR的长三角区域生态环境质量综合评价及预测

根据生态环境压力-状态-响应模型(pressure-state-response,简称PSR),进行生态环境质量综合评价指标体系的构建,利用变异系数法对2011—2021年长三角区域中心区27个城市生态环境质量进行综合评价,同时运用GM(1,1)模型对2022—2024年长三角区域生态环境质量进行预测。2011—2021年长三角中心区生态环境质量总体呈现上升趋势,在生态环境状态和生态环境响应上也呈现上升趋势,但生态环境压力越来越大。在省域层面上,2011—2021年长三角中心区生态环境响应显示上海市综合指数最高;江苏省生态环境状态最高;安徽省生态环境压力的空间特征最高,上海最低,浙江省、江苏省居中。在市域层面,生态环境质量综合评价指数排名前三依次为舟山、池州、安庆,这与工业经济发展水平导致的环境压力相关。由GM(1,1)模型预测可知,2022—2024年的生态环境质量将呈现总体上升趋势。

基于PSR模型和熵值法的陇南市生态环境保护质量评价

本文以甘肃省陇南市为例,基于PSR模型构建了陇南市生态环境保护质量评价指标体系,采用熵值法对陇南市“十三五”时期生态环境保护质量进行综合评价。结果表明,(1)响应子系统权重值最高,压力子系统权重值最低。(2)从各子系统的评价结果来看,陇南市2016-2020年生态环境保护质量PSR系统中的压力指数、状态指数、响应指数和综合指数总体呈现上升趋势。(3)陇南市2017-2019年生态环境保护质量PSR系统协调度呈现轻微下降趋势,2019-2020年陇南市生态环境保护质量PSR系统协调度呈现上升趋势。基于评价结果,本文提出了优化废水处理机制、开展农业面源污染防治工作、增强生态环境保护意识和加强生态环境保护监督的思考建议,对提升陇南市生态环境保护质量具有一定的参考价值。

基于PSR模型的A市土地生态安全评价及障碍因子诊断

本研究基于PSR模型构建土地生态安全评价指标体系,采用熵权法进行客观赋权,结合综合指数法和障碍因子诊断模型,评价A市2006—2021年土地生态安全发展状况并分析其障碍因子。结果表明,2006—2021年该市土地生态安全综合指数呈先缓慢下降后迅速上升趋势,安全等级从Ⅲ级提高到Ⅳ级,达到较安全水平;子系统土地生态安全指数变化较明显,压力指数在2006—2015年呈下降趋势,此后开始回升;状态指数稳步上升,呈现出积极的发展态势;响应指数呈波动上升趋势;土地生态安全压力层障碍度持续增加,状态层和响应层障碍度随之下降,障碍度逐渐由状态层、响应层向压力层进行转移,主要障碍因子为农药施用量、化肥施用量和人口密度等。

基于PSR模型分析襄阳市空气质量变化对社会经济发展的响应

2021年12月30日,襄阳市政府为应对生态环境与社会经济发展的突出矛盾,正式贯彻实施《襄阳市生态环境保护“十四五”规划》,其中明确提出加快生态文明建设,率先实现绿色高速发展。近些年,襄阳市经济发展走在省域前列,但是年际大气质量均位于湖北各市区末位。此研究立足于PSR模型,通过影响指标对大气环境质量与社会经济发展指标之间的相关性进行分析,构建“大小双循环”生态环境治理体系,致力于改善生态环境,打赢蓝天保卫战,助力襄阳乃至中部地区实现“绿色崛起”。

基于PSR模型的生态宜居城市建设指标与评价研究——以西安市为例

近年来,全国各大城市号召建立生态宜居城市,并以生态宜居城市作为理想的可持续发展模式。首先,界定生态宜居城市内涵,提出生态宜居城市发展的四个目标:营造舒适平等环境、坚持问题导向、践行绿色发展理念、人与自然和谐共生。其次,从“三生”空间视角出发,构建了包括生产水平、生活质量以及生态环境三个准则层的生态宜居城市综合评价指标体系。再次,利用熵值法计算了各指标层的具体权重并计算了生态宜居综合指数,选取四个中心城市与西安市进行空间对比以及水平时间演变分析,并基于PSR模型对西安市2012—2019年的城市生态宜居性进行了评价。最后,分析西安市生态宜居城市建设评价结果并提出几点可行性建议。

基于PSR模型改进的县域生态文明建设评价及对策研究

县域在行政管理体系中具有重要的承上启下作用,县域生态文明建设评价对于总结生态文明建设成效与问题具有重要意义。通过改进PSR模型,建立“双三角”PSR模型,构建包括驱动力、压力、状态、投入、产出、响应6个维度、33个指标的县域生态文明建设评价指标体系,选取不同批次的部分国家级生态文明建设示范县进行县域生态文明建设评价。研究结果表明:县域生态文明建设水平与生态环境质量、经济社会发展、科技投入联系紧密,生态文明建设成效显著,但还存在地区不平衡结构不均衡、生态环境品质不高、科技投入和公共服务设施建设不足等问题。今后应加强县域经济建设,持续解决突出生态民生问题,加大对节能环保和科学技术的投入,完善县域生态文明制度,促进绿色高质量发展,推进县域生态文明建设新进步。

基于PSR模型的汉南卫星产业园大气环境质量评价研究

中国经济发展进入新时代,环境问题日益突出。产业园区建设中的大气环境质量问题已成为社会经济发展的焦点,研究大气污染防治迫在眉睫.汉南卫星产业园大气环境质量研究以可持续发展理论、生态价值理论以及环境价值理论为理论依据,结合卫星产业园的生态环境现状,运用LCA和PSR模型构建产业园大气环境质量评价指标体系,评价汉南卫星产业园的大气环境质量.结果表明:汉南卫星产业园内的大气环境质量有下降趋势,SO_(2)浓度变化趋势相对较大,NO_(2)浓度变化趋势较为平缓,TSP污染指数呈下降趋势.该研究对产业园大气环境质量的改善提供技术支撑.

基于PSR模型的石嘴山市生态安全评价与预测

老工业城市面临资源过度开采带来的生态环境破坏问题,生态安全评价与预测有助于改善环境质量,提高生态系统稳定性。基于压力-状态-响应(Pressure-State-Response,PSR)模型构建生态安全评价指标体系,综合使用熵权法和层次分析法确定指标权重,运用综合指数模型对宁夏石嘴山市2010—2020年进行生态安全评价,并通过障碍度模型分析限制石嘴山市发展的制约因素,使用灰色预测GM(1,1)模型对石嘴山市未来几年生态安全状态进行预测。结果显示:石嘴山市生态安全由2010年的“恶劣”逐渐转变为2020年的“临界安全”。目前,制约石嘴山市生态发展的主要因素有工业废气排放总量、一般工业固体废物综合利用率、化肥施用量和能源消耗量。石嘴山市未来几年生态安全状态将继续呈现好转,其状态将由“临界安全”逐渐转换为“较安全”。

基于PSR模型的城市生态韧性成长力评价指标体系构建及应用

加强城市生态韧性建设是提高城市生态安全、改善城市生态环境、增加生态效益、实现城市可持续发展的重要举措。为克服静态分析的局限性,结合三螺旋理论,采用压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型构建了包含16个评价指标的城市生态韧性成长力评价指标体系,并采用主成分分析法和熵值法确定指标综合权重,评估了2017—2020年中国31个城市的生态韧性成长力,进一步引入耦合度及耦合协调度对评估结果进行了分析。结果表明:除乌鲁木齐外其他省会城市的生态韧性成长力水平都呈现先上升后下降再平稳的趋势,城市生态韧性的总体水平螺旋上升;城市生态韧性成长力的耦合协调度呈先升后降、先降后升、不断上升3种情况,且多数城市生态韧性成长力耦合协调度符合先升后降的变化趋势。依据评价结果,为推进城市生态韧性建设提出对策建议。