A bifunctional MnO_x@PTFE catalytic membrane for efficient low temperature NO_x-SCR and dust removal

Low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx combined with dust removal technique due to its energy conservation characteristic has been attracted much attention for fume purification.In this work,the MnOx wrapped PTFE membrane with efficient dust removal and low-temperature NH3-SCR has been prepared with a facile route.MnOxwith different crystal structures was uniformly grown around the PTFE fibrils through water bath.The flower-sphere-like MnOx@PTFE(O-MnOx@PTFE)and lamellar-interlaced ripple-like MnOx@PTFE(W-MnOx@PTFE)have large specific surface area which is favorable for enhancing catalytic performance.Also,the uniformly wrapped W-MnOxaround the PTFE fibrils optimized the pore structure for ultrafine dust capture.The membrane can almost 100%reject particles that are smaller than 1.0μm with a low filtration resistance.Meanwhile,W-MnOx@PTFE with more surface chemisorbed oxygen has the best NO conversion efficiency of 100%at a comparatively low and wide activity temperature window of 160–210°C,which is far to the thermal limitation of the PTFE.Therefore,this efficient and energy conserving membrane has a bright application prospects for tail gas treatment compared to the original treatment process.

STUDY ON CONCENTRATING SULFURIC ACID SOLUTION BY MEMBRANE DISTILLATION WITH METAL - PTFE COMPOSITE MEMBRANE

concentrating sulfuric acid by membrane distillation in a flat sheet direct contact membrane distillation device with a self made metal PTFE composite membrane has been studied. The effect of sulfuric acid concentration of feed, the flowrate and liquor temperature in high temperature side and low temperature side on the flux and separation efficiency is investigated. The stability of this composite membrane is also inspected. The experimental results show that the metal PTFE composite membrane can be used in membrane distillation, and its properties are very stable. It is feasible to concentrate sulfuric acid by membrane distillation with this membrane.

Study on Protective Clothing against SARS Using PTFE/Poly(ether-ester) Membrane

By means of texturing with organic conductive fiber, and then being treated with JAM-Y1 anti-bacteria agent, in the end, treated with the XL-550 waterproof agent, the PET fabric has permanent antistatic, anti-bacteria and waterproof and anti-oil properties. The PET fabric was laminated with PTFE membrane by paste dot coating, and then coated by Poly(ether-ester) solution in a direct process. The filter efficiency of NaCl aerosol, penetration property of poliomyelitis virus in liquid and animalcule in air of PET fabric laminated with PTFE membrane are measured. The properties show that the PET fabric laminated with PTFE membrane can separate SARS virus in air and liquid. The protective mechanism is also discussed in the article.

Humidity-control assists high-efficient coal fly ash removal by PTFE membrane

In the present study,the effects of relative humidity on filtrating coal-fired fly ash with hydrophobic poly tetra fluoroethylene(PTFE) membranes were investigated.The intergranular force of particulate matter at different RH conditions was measured by analyzing the critical angle between particles.Effects of humidity(from 30% to 70%) on filtration pressure drop and membrane fouling conditions were characterized.It was found the membrane showed optimal filtration resistance of 530 Pa at RH of 60% and the gas permeance can be maintained at 1440 m^(3)·m^(-2)·h^(-1)·kPa^(-1).Moreover,to optimize the operation parameters for this filtration system,effects of fly ash concentration,diameter,membrane pore size,and gas velocities were systematically investigated.

Radiation synthesis and characteristics of PTFE-g-PSSA ion exchange membrane applied in vanadium redox battery

Radiation-induced grafting of styrene onto polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes was studied by a simultaneous irradiation technique.Grafting was carded out usingγ-radiation from a ^(60)Co source at room temperature. Effects of absorbed dose,atmosphere,dose rate,and the concentration of initial monomer on the degree of grafting (DOG) were investigated and the most appropriate grafting condition was obtained.Subsequently,sulphonation of the grafted PTFE membrane (PTFE-g-PS) was carried out and a series of ion exchange membranes (PTFE-g-PSSA) was prepared.Further characterizations of FTIR,TGA,and SEM testified that grafting and sulphonation of the membranes were successfully processed;moreover,grafting of styrene not only occurred in the surface of PTFE membrane,but also in the micropores of the membrane.Ion exchange capacity (IEC) and conductivity were found increase with the grafting yield.The results suggest that at a low dose,such as 17 kGy,the ion exchange membrane (IEM) which will be suitable for vanadium redox battery (VRB) use can be obtained.

Extraction and Separation of Oxysophocarpine from Sophora alopecuroides by Reverse Three-phase Membrane Cycle Method

[Objectives] To establish the high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) determination method for oxysophocarpine and optimize the extraction and purification technology of oxysophocarpine from Sophora alopecuroides by inverse three-phase membrane cycle.[Methods]Based on the single-factor experiment,the effects of aqueous phase and organic phase volume ratio,the concentration of sodium hydroxide,concentration of hydrochloric acid and extraction cycle time on extraction process of oxysophocarpine were investigated using orthogonal design method,to determine the optimal extraction process. [Results]The oxysophocarpine was determined by Shim-pack VP-ODS chromatographic column( 4. 6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm),mobile phase was methanol-0. 2% phosphoric acid aqueous solution( 7∶ 93),gradient elution,flow rate was 1 m L/min,the sample size was 5 μm,column temperature was 30℃,detection wavelength was 221 nm. Aqueous phase and organic phase volume ratio was 1∶ 1,hydrochloric acid concentration was 0. 3 mol/L,sodium hydroxide concentration was 0. 75 mol/L,water pump flow rate was 6 m L/min,60 min cycle time. The extraction rate of oxysophocarpine 98. 21 % within 60 min under the best experimental conditions. Oxysophocarpine has good linearity relationship within the range of 0. 01-0. 7 mg/m L( r^2= 0. 9978,n = 6),the respective average recovery rate was 97. 47%( RSD = 1. 95%). [Conclusions] This extraction process is simple in operation,the organic solvent has low consumption,and can be used for extraction of alkaloid.

哌啶功能化聚苯乙烯/PTFE复合阴离子交换膜研究

阴离子交换膜是阴离子交换膜燃料电池的关键材料,对燃料电池性能起着至关重要的作用。在不同孔径的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)多孔膜内,通过原位热聚合的方法将氯甲基苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯和二乙烯基苯共聚制备成膜,采用N-甲基哌啶(DMP)对膜进行功能化得到哌啶功能化聚苯乙烯/PTFE复合阴离子交换膜(QAPTFE/PVH)。采用三种孔径(1、0.45和0.22μm)PTFE多孔基膜,分别制备了三种复合阴离子交换膜QAPTFE/PVH-1、QAPTFE/PVH-0.45和QAPTFE/PVH-0.22。测试了不同膜的吸水率、溶胀率、离子交换容量和离子电导率等性能,发现QAPTFE/PVH-1具有较高的吸水率和溶胀率,分别为88.06%和50.42%,80℃下电导率达34.44 mS/cm。在65℃、H_(2)/O_(2)气体流速均为0.5 L/min和操作压力为0.1 MPa条件下,QAPTFE/PVH-1膜的单电池峰值功率密度达278.4 mW/cm^(2)。此外,QAPTFE/PVH复合膜的开路电压均高于1.0 V,表明复合膜具有较好的燃料阻隔能力。在80℃的3 mol/L KOH中测试了三种QAPTFE/PVH膜的耐久性,14 d后离子交换容量(IEC)的保留率分别为93.98%、91.88%和92.55%,表明QAPTFE/PVH膜具有较好的耐久性。

Effect of polytetrafluoroethylene hollow fiber microstructure on formaldehyde carbonylation performance in membrane contactor

Membrane contactor is regarded as a promising method for reaction and process intensification. The feasibility of formaldehyde carbonylation to synthesize glycolic acid using polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)membrane contactor has been proved in our previous study. In this paper, the effect of membrane microstructure on process performance was further investigated. Three porous PTFE hollow fibers with different pore sizes and one polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)/PTFE composite membrane with dense layer were fabricated for comparison. The physical and chemical properties of four membranes, including chemical composition, morphology, contact angle, liquid entry pressure, thermodynamic analysis and gas permeability, were systemically characterized. Experiments of formaldehyde carbonylation under different reaction conditions were conducted. The results indicated that the yield of glycolic acid increased with decreasing pore size for porous membranes, which was due to the improvement of wetting behavior. The dense layer of PDMS in composite hollow fiber could effectively prevent the solvent from entering membrane pores, thus the membrane exhibited the best performance. At reaction temperature of 120℃ and operation pressure of 3.0 MPa, the yield of glycolic acid was always higher than 90% as the mass ratio of trioxane and phosphotungstic acid increased from 0.2:1 to 0.8:1. The highest turnover frequency was up to 26.37 mol·g^(-1)·h^(-1). This study provided a reference for the understanding and optimization of membrane contactors for the synthesis of glycolic acid using solvent with low surface tension.

Barrier Effect of a Membrane on Malodorous Gases

After the experimental research on the barrier effect of PTFE membrane on malodorous gases,it was found that PTFE membrane had good gas permeability,and the barrier effect on malodorous gases NH3 and H2S was poor. After a layer of water film was formed on PTFE membrane,it had an obvious barrier effect on malodorous gases NH3 and H2S.

Carbon Capture from Flue Gas Based on the Combination of Non-Contact Hydrophobic Porous Ceramic Membrane and Bubbling Absorption

A hybrid system combined with a non-contact membrane and bubbling absorption is proposed to capture CO_(2) from flue gas.The non-contact way of membrane and liquid absorbent effectively avoids the reduction of gas diffusion flux through the membrane.High-porosity ceramic membranes in hybrid systems are used for gas-solid separation in fuel gas treatment.Due to the high content of H_(2)O and cement dust in the flue gas of the cement plant,the membrane is hydrophobically modified by polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)to improve its anti-water,anti-fouling,and self-cleaning performances.The results show that the diffusion flux of CO_(2) through the membrane is still higher than 7.0×10^(−3) mol/m^(2)s(20%CO_(2) concentration)even under the influence of water and cement dust.In addition,slaked lime selected as the absorbent is cheap and the product after bubbling absorption is nano-scale light calcium carbonate.To sum up,the hybrid system combining non-contact membrane and bubbling absorption is expected to be used to capture carbon dioxide from the flue gas of the cement plant.

部分碳化PTFE/PVDF中空纤维膜的制备及油水分离性能研究

聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)是一种强疏水的氟碳材料,很难用相转化成膜。本文将PTFE粉体分散在聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)溶液中得到PTFE悬浮液,首先用干湿相转化法制得PTFE/PVDF中空纤维膜胚;然后在氮气气氛下进行部分碳化,制得部分碳化PTFE/PVDF中空纤维膜.用热重分析法、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电镜研究了PTFE/PVDF中空纤维膜胚的碳化工艺、膜碳化前后表面元素和微观结构变化情况;最后测试了膜的亲疏水变化和油水分离性能.结果表明:PTFE/PVDF中空纤维膜胚中的PVDF在360~450℃时发生C-H断裂,PTFE保持原结构,可以得到部分碳化PTFE/PVDF中空纤维膜.经部分碳化工艺制得的中空纤维膜孔径减小,形成连续、完整的微孔结构.当PTFE含量为40%时,碳化后制得的膜接触角达到102°,疏水性提高;对10%的模拟含油废水的渗透通量达到30 L/(m^(2)·h)(跨膜压差:0.1 MPa)、分离效率达到80%,呈现出较好的油水分离性能和商业应用价值.

耐久的超亲水性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)中空纤维膜

为提高聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)中空纤维膜的亲水耐久性并赋予其一定的抗污染和抗菌的功能性,提出了一种低成本、简单的表面改性方法。亲水性的增强是表面化学成分和微纳粗糙度结构协同作用的结果。使用聚乙烯醇(PVA)和聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)作为亲水改性剂,戊二醛(GA)作为交联剂,在PTFE中空纤维表面构建了一层抗菌亲水层。在γ-缩水氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)的作用下,膜纤维表面成功形成了微纳米结构,进一步增强了膜纤维的亲水性和耐久性。值得注意的是,改性后的中空纤维膜具有超亲水性(WAC=0°)和出色的水通量(8185.38±178.27 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1))。经过14 d的酸(pH=1)、碱(pH=14)以及强氧化剂(3000 ppm Na⁃ClO)溶液人工加速清洗后,改性膜仍保持其超亲水性,且不损失水通量。研究表明,这种简便的亲水改性策略使得PTFE中空纤维膜在污水处理领域具有实际应用价值。

PTFE针刺毡滤料覆膜牢度研究

随着环保标准的不断提高,国家对工业烟气中微细颗粒物的排放提出了更高的要求。目前,工业除尘滤料中基于聚四氟乙烯(Polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)膜的覆膜针刺毡滤料对微细颗粒物有较高的过滤效率。然而,PTFE膜在长期使用过程中有脱落的风险,进而影响除尘器的除尘效果。因此,PTFE膜与针刺毡滤料基底间的覆膜牢度至关重要。研究选取市场上常用的5种PTFE覆膜滤料,对其覆膜牢度进行系统评估,并分析覆膜牢度的影响因素。结果显示:同样以PTFE为基底的覆膜滤料的覆膜牢度最大,其值大于0.074 MPa;以芳纶、聚酰亚胺(Polyimide, P84)、聚苯硫醚(Polyphenylene Sulfide, PPS)针刺毡滤料为基底的覆膜滤料覆膜牢度为0.027~0.029 MPa。经分析,覆膜的处理温度对覆膜牢度有较大影响,而实际处理温度需根据针刺毡基底的材质选择;针刺毡基底表面的纤维面积占比也是影响覆膜牢度的因素之一。此外,研究对膜脱落后滤料的过滤性能变化进行评估发现,膜脱落对滤料过滤性能有较大影响,其中P84覆膜滤料的膜脱落后过滤性能变化幅度最大,对PM2.5的过滤效率由95.25%降低至78.66%。研究成果对覆膜滤料的选择以及增强覆膜滤料的覆膜牢度具有指导作用。

PTFE中空纤维膜蒸馏高盐废水浓缩实验研究

文章选择工业生产中常见的含氯化钠(NaCl)高盐废水,以疏水性PTFE中空纤维膜组件为载体,采用真空膜蒸馏的方式进行浓缩处理实验研究,研究各操作条件对膜通量和截盐率的影响,并验证实验可行性。实验结果表明,膜下游侧压力增加,膜通量会逐渐降低;废水料液流量和料液温度的增加均有助于提高膜通量;废水料液浓度的增加,会抑制传质过程,降低膜通量。各操作条件对膜截盐率的影响很小,膜截盐率一直保持在99.8%以上,说明PTFE中空纤维膜蒸馏用于高盐废水浓缩具备可行性。

PTFE膜接触吸收船舶烟气CO_(2)影响因素的研究

为减少航运业二氧化碳的排放,选择海水作为吸收剂,以脱碳率为评价指标,探究了海水温度、海水流量、CO_(2)混合气体流量、CO_(2)浓度、海水pH值对PTFE膜接触器吸收CO_(2)的影响。结果表明:海水温度和pH值影响CO_(2)的溶解度及中和反应,18℃、pH=8时脱碳率最高,分别为64.83%、87.67%;CO_(2)的浓度影响气液两相CO_(2)浓度差,20%时脱碳率最高(67.81%);海水流量影响气液接触面的吸收剂更新速度,200 L/h时脱碳率最佳;CO_(2)混合气体流量影响混合气体在膜接触反应器内的停留时间,0.10 m^(3)/h时脱碳率最佳;根据实验结果优化了PTFE膜接触吸收CO_(2)的条件。

两种PTFE膜对污泥好氧发酵参数影响研究

针对纺织用PTFE膜和经过特殊加工的改性PTFE膜(ePTFE膜),进行覆盖污泥好氧发酵对比试验,探索ePTFE膜对污泥发酵过程中污泥含水率、硫化氢、氨气等气体产生规律的影响。试验结果表明,相对普通PTFE膜,ePTFE膜具有更佳的堆体保温性能,同时具备更好的透气性能。相对空白试验,两种膜对硫化氢散发均具有较大的阻隔作用,发酵初期硫化氢浓度较空白试验降低64%左右。ePTFE膜对氨气的阻隔作用大大优于纺织用PTFE膜,空白试验和纺织用PTFE膜覆盖发酵累积氨气挥发量大致相当(约330mg/d),而ePTFE膜覆盖条件下,污泥发酵累积氨气挥发量仅为150mg/d左右,其高峰期臭气浓度大大降低。

HRT对一体式PTFE膜生物反应器运行效果的影响

针对垃圾渗滤液高COD、高NH4-N,低生化性的特点,开发UASB/缺氧/好氧-膜生物反应器组合处理工艺.在不同水力停留时间(HRT)下,考察了系统对污染物去除效果及其膜污染特性.结果表明,在不同的HRT条件下,UASB/缺氧/好氧-膜生物反应器组合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液出水水质良好且稳定.出水COD除率随HRT的升高先增加后降低,且HRT为12.8h时达到最大值94.96%;系统对NH4-N的平均去除率随HRT的延长而升高;膜污染实验结果显示:较低的HRT条件下意味着膜通量较高,会加剧膜污染进程.通过实验得出结论当HRT=15h时,对膜污染的控制最为有利.对膜进行清洗,并进行扫描电镜分析.分析结果显示凝胶层的形成是膜透水性下降的主要原因.

拉伸工艺对膨体PTFE薄膜微孔结构的影响

研究了双向拉伸工艺对膨体聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)薄膜结构的影响.结果表明,横向扩幅倍数、纵向扩幅倍数和定型温度越高,PTFE薄膜开孔率和孔径越大;横向扩幅速度越高,薄膜开孔率越大,孔径也越小.PTFE薄膜已广泛用于防水透湿多功能服、生化防护服以及工业过滤等.

PTFE/PAN共混中空纤维膜的制备与性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为成膜载体,由聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)分散乳液通过干-湿法纺丝制得PTFE/PAN共混中空纤维膜。利用红外光谱(FT-IR)研究了烧结前后中空纤维膜的化学变化,热失重(TGA)分析了中空纤维膜的热稳定性,并采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)观察了不同烧结温度的中空纤维膜形貌。结果表明:在预氧化烧结过程中PAN发生了环化反应,生成耐热的梯形结构,提高了中空纤维膜的耐热性;随着烧结温度的升高,生成的点纤结构尺寸明显增加,中空纤维膜的力学强度显著提高。