Low-Cost Automated PV Panel Dust Cleaning System for Rural Communities

Dust accumulation on photovoltaic (PV) panels degrades PV panels’ performance;leading to decreased power output and consequently high cost per generated kilowatt. Research addressing the severity of dust accumulation on PV panels has been ongoing since the 1940s, but proposed solutions have tended to increase the cost of PV systems either from oversizing or from cleaning the system. The objective of this work, therefore, is to design and implement a low-cost affordable automated PV panel dust cleaning system for use in rural communities of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA);where financial resources are limited and significantly strained in meeting livelihood activities. Complete design and implementation details of a prototype system are provided for easy replication and capitalization on PV systems for sustainable energy needs. The system detects dust based on the innovative use of light-dependent resistors. Testing and observation of the system in operational mode reveal satisfactory performance;measured parameters quantify a power output increase of 33.76% as a result of cleaning dust off the PV panel used in the study.

Experimental Study of Environmental Impact on the Efficiency of a House-Hold PV Panel

House-hold PV panels are widely used;however, their performance is significantly degraded under real operating conditions. Environmental factors such as ambient temperature, wind speed, and solar irradiance has a major impact on the house-hold PV panel efficiency. In this paper an experimental study was conducted during the winter period in a single building in Minqin county, Gansu province, China. The experimental measurements were used to quantify the house-hold PV panel performance and operating characteristics. Based on the experimental results the house-hold PV panel performance is basically affected by the PV surface temperature, therefore, multilevel of energy is detected. Approximately 3% efficiency variation is detected due to the impact of the environmental factors.

Tilt Angle Optimality Criteria for Stand Alone PV Systems

The conventional approach to optimizing tilt angles for fixed solar panels aims to maximize energy generation over the entire year. However, in the context of a supply controlled electric grid, where solar energy availability varies, this criterion may not be optimal. This study explores two alternative optimization criteria focused on maximizing baseload supply potential and minimizing required storage capacity to address seasonality in energy generation. The optimal tilt angles determined for these criteria differed significantly from the standard approach. This research highlights additional factors crucial for designing solar power systems beyond gross energy generation, essential for the global transition towards a fully renewable energy-based electric grid in the future.

光伏辐射板型PV/T系统的电热冷性能

提出了一种基于单晶硅太阳能电池的电热冷联产光伏辐射板，将起集散热作用的辐射板与单晶硅光电池组件耦合，通过辐射板管路内流体循环，降低电池工作温度，一方面提高电池发电效率，同时回收利用余热；另一方面，夜间通过辐射制冷方式，获得冷量，从而实现电热冷联产。通过实验测试分析，光伏辐射板同比PV组件发电效率可提高8％～16％，且集热效率达到45％左右，制冷能力为40～80W／m2。

PV新型Trombe墙光电光热性能数值模拟

提出了带有PV的新型Trombe墙结构,建立了二维的光伏玻璃板以及PV-Trombe墙系统的数理模型,获得了系统的温度场、太阳电池的电性能和室内得热。模拟结果表明：根据该文所采用的实测气象数据,在特定的模拟工况下,光伏玻璃板上的光电池部分和无光电池部分的温差最大可达10．58℃；有无PV-Trombe墙房间的温差在3d内最大可达13．22℃；运行7d后每天温度能维持在14℃左右。

间隙排列非均质PV面板在建筑顶部采光中的应用

间隙排列PV结构兼具遮阳、采光、发电等性能,宜用作建筑顶部采光设施.文中针对广州地区的气候条件,对4种不同参数的PV结构进行对比研究,综合考虑采光性能与发电能力,选出了PV面板安装的最优方案,即PV面板与水平面之间呈60°倾角,以此在保证较高采光能力的同时提供良好的发电能力;通过在设计案例中的应用对间隙排列PV结构的采光及发电性能进行了分析,结果表明:该间隙型PV结构具有良好的遮阳效果,其下方10 m处地面的平均采光系数为4.9%,年度累计发电能力为61.8 k W·h/m2.

温度梯度对PV/T系统热电性能的影响

制作了一种将透明光伏组件与平板集热器合为一体的新型PV/T系统,并就温度梯度对系统热电性能的影响进行了实验研究,结果表明:温度分布不均匀、电池排列对系统的热、电性能影响较大.

结合HDC和Attention的高分遥感影像光伏板提取研究

人工调查维护光伏板导致人力维护成本昂贵。因此,使用深度学习方法通过遥感影像提取光伏板能够低成本为光伏发电场景的运行维护提供重要数据支撑。使用改进后的DeepLabV3+语义分割模型,解决了如何利用高分辨率遥感影像进行光伏的精确分割与提取的问题。提出一种基于DeepLabV3+深度学习架构的超高分辨率遥感影像光伏板提取方法。主要创新工作体现在:(1)针对遥感影像中光伏板信息难以精细提取的问题,提出混合空洞卷积空间金字塔池化模块;(2)针对光伏板信息提取中边缘细节易丢失的问题,引入注意力机制敏感捕捉小区域特征,以提高模型的分割能力。该研究采用2021年中国科学院大学发布的多分辨率光伏数据集进行实验,结果表明:提出的模型在0.1 m、0.3 m、0.8 m空间分辨率的分布式光伏数据集中IoU可达92.54%、79.91%、76.27%。在0.3 m、0.8 m空间分辨率的地面光伏数据集中可达到94.27%、87.24%,相较于原本的DeepLabV3+模型,在三种不同分辨率和不同背景的场景中的IoU提高0.13~2.02个百分点;同时在0.1 m、0.3 m、0.8 m空间分辨率的屋顶分布式光伏数据集上,提出的方法与经典语义分割模型U-Net、PSPNet、DeepLabV3+相比,IoU提高0.64~20.51个百分点。以上实验证明了该方法的有效性。

基于热红外图像的光伏板热斑检测方法研究

光伏板长期处于室外环境,极易因污渍遮挡而产生热斑效应,进而影响光伏电站的安全和高效运行。针对该问题,对基于传统图像处理和基于机器学习的目标检测算法的热斑检测开展研究。基于传统图像处理,利用区域分割算法和边缘检测算法进行试验,并研究热斑检测的效果。基于机器学习,提出了一种改进型你只看一次第四版本(YOLOv4)的热斑检测方法。其中,数据集通过实地拍摄光伏板热斑搭配模拟热斑的方法来获取。试验结果表明,改进的YOLOv4模型对数据集中的热斑检测指标交并比(IoU)达到92.31%、平均精度(AP)达到93.42%,均优于YOLOv4模型的效果。该研究具有一定的工程应用价值。

基于煤矿排土场的光伏发电项目方案优化

[目的]通过“以光治荒”的方式推进煤矿排土场光伏发电项目的建设,将生态保护与绿色高效能源战略有机融合,以达到良好经济发展和生态环境治理的效果。[方法]以某煤矿排土场光伏发电项目优化为例,原方案采用的全固定支架形式,考虑到红线调整、地质影响、施工进度可控等因素,现调整为固定支架+柔性支架组合方案,场地较平缓部分区域考虑布置固定支架,柔性支架主要设置在坡面与跨沟处,占比为40%~45%。结合固定倾角、发电效率、光伏组串布置间距等因素进行优化,方案一固定支架倾角按16°,柔性支架东西向固定倾角按4°,南向及偏南方向顺坡布置。方案二根据最佳倾角确定,固定支架倾角采用24°,柔性支架固定倾角采用19°。[结果]方案一比方案二增加8 MWp左右;25 a总发电量:方案一比方案二增加10%~15%。发电系统总效率:方案一比方案二减少2%左右。[结论]研究表明本方案的优化保证其装机容量、工程安全等的同时,煤矿排土场边坡布置柔性支架增加了本工程创新性,为后续相关工程起到示范作用。在工程设计优化过程中,不仅仅考虑效率因素,更多的是需关注多目标因素优化带来的经济效益。

Enhancing the Performance of Photovoltaic Panel by Proper Washing Periods in Kuwait

Dust and impurity accumulation has a significant effect on the efficiency and performance of PV panel output power. It influences the transmittance of solar radiation from the PV panels surface. Scheduling weekly or monthly cleaning periods requires complete knowledge of area’s weather and environmental condition. In this study, an experimental-based investigation is conducted aiming for a proper scheduling cleaning periods by comparing the output power efficiency of two identical PV panels, the first being cleaned daily and the other cleaned monthly. Both are exposed to unstable weather condition with Sarayat season in April and May, winter and summer Shamal of Kuwait for one year. The results indicated a significant degradation of PV panel output power in April, May, October and December. A need for frequent weekly water washing is a necessity to maintain the power efficiency loss of 15.07%, 13.74%, 10.685% and 8.742% respectively, and frequent monthly water washing for the remaining months of the year.

基于PV-LED的公路隧道照明系统及控制方法研究

针对阳光输送机的可靠性差等问题,设计了一种具有自动组合功能的PV-LED隧道直接照明系统及控制方法;该系统充分利用了阴雨天散射的太阳光,使增强照明部分可根据隧道外太阳光强弱自动变化,有效回避了阳光输送机本身存在的因为天气阴、晴变化导致太阳光时有时无工作稳定性差的先天性缺陷;从理论和实践结合的基础上实现了隧道的基本照明和增强照明系统,为太阳能推广应用开辟了一条新道路。

自然冷却下太阳能PV板发电效率的影响研究

基于一维稳态传热模型,通过数值模拟与计算,进行了自然冷却条件下散热肋片对PV板发电效率的影响研究,对不同因素包括PV板水平倾角、空气温度、风速和肋片高度等对PV板发电效率的影响进行了研究,研究结果对于PV板被动式冷却设计具有一定的实际意义和参考价值。

Optimum Tilt Angles for Photovoltaic Panels during Winter Months in the Vaal Triangle, South Africa

Optimizing the output power of a photovoltaic panel improves the efficiency of a solar driven energy system. The maximum output power of a photovoltaic panel depends on atmospheric conditions, such as (direct solar radiation, air pollution and cloud movements), load profile and the tilt and orientation angles. This paper describes an experimental analysis of maximizing output power of a photovoltaic panel, based on the use of existing equations of tilt angles derived from mathematical models and simulation packages. Power regulation is achieved by the use of a DC-DC converter, a fixed load resistance and a single photovoltaic panel. A data logger is used to make repeated measurements which ensure reliability of the results. The results of the paper were taken over a four month period from April through July. The photovoltaic panel was set to an orientation angle of 0? with tilt angles of 16?, 26? and 36?. Preliminary results indicate that tilt angles between 26? and 36? provide optimum photovoltaic output power for winter months in South Africa.

Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Dust and Their Effect on Solar Modules Efficiency in Agadir-Morocco

Experiments of soiling effects on the performances of a PV panel have been performed using dust collected from two sites in the region of Agadir-Morocco.The optical transmittance of the front glass was found to depend on the nature and density of dust.The nature of dust was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy.It was found that the granulometry of dust particles depends on the study area.For a dust density of around 20 g/m^(2),the maximum power Pmax of the solar panel decreases drastically from 30 to 20 W for the(HP)site,and no more than 14 W for the(AD)site.The diversity of the behavior of the soiled panel was explained in terms of the size of the particles collected from each area.The transmission of light across the front glass of the PV panel is more affected when the sizes of particles are small.

Real Time Hotspot Detection System Using Scan-Method for PV Generation System

This paper presents a real time hotspot detection system using scan-method about PV （photo voltaic） solar panel I-V characteristic based on the periodic inspection of the I-V curve of the PV panel in real time. The I-V tracking is performed by the means of periodic current sweeps during the normal operation of the panel. The current variation in a specific voltage range allows to distinguish hotspot cells from normal cells. In case if partial shadowing occurs to the PV panel, the PCS （power conditioning system） gives an immediate judgment whether hot-spot arises from one of the cells or not by applying the scan-method. The PCS is programed to calculate the current rate depending on the difference in the current divided by the short circuit current. From the experimental results, it is clarified that the hot-spot cells can be determined regardless of the solar intensity radiation.

环境风下太阳能PV板对流散热特性实验研究

在实验室条件下,通过建立环境风道,采用电加热的方式,对PV板在环境风下的对流散热损失进行实验研究。考察倾角α、风向角θ、风速V以及热流密度q对PV板表面对流散热特性的影响,得到了不同条件下PV板表面平均对流热损失努谢尔特数Nu的变化规律。结果表明,在任意风向角下,当风速较小时,Nu对PV板倾角变化并不敏感,但是随着风速的增大,倾角对Nu的影响不断增大。当PV板在背风侧时,Nu随着倾角的增大有一个迅速减小的过程;此外,以风速1m/s为转折点,低风速下Nu随风速的变化规律与高风速下明显不同。

Utilization of Solar Energy in Irrigation Systems in Bangladesh

The demand for water pumping in urban water supply and irrigation in Bangladesh is significantly influenced by electricity deficits and high diesel costs. To address these challenges, the adoption of solar power for water pumping emerges as a viable alternative to traditional systems reliant on grid power and diesel. In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on clean and renewable energies, aligning with the environmental and economic priorities of Bangladesh. The agricultural sector, serving as the backbone of the country’s economy, witnesses an escalating demand for water as the population increases. The extraction and transfer of water for agricultural and drinking purposes translate to high-energy consumption. Leveraging the abundant and essentially free solar energy, particularly during the crop growth periods when irrigation is crucial, presents an optimal solution. This study underscores the underutilization of this vital resource in Bangladesh and advocates for the widespread implementation of solar energy conversion programs, specifically in photovoltaic pumping systems. By comparing these systems with conventional diesel pumps, this paper aims to inspire policymakers, statesmen, and industry professionals to integrate green energy into the water sector. The envisioned outcome is a strategic shift towards sustainable development, with a focus on harnessing solar power to pump water for villages and agriculture, thus contributing to economic and environmental sustainability.

光伏建筑一体化的关键技术分析

光伏建筑一体化是一种前景广阔的可再生能源发电技术,该技术在兼顾建筑外立面美观的同时,实现了建筑业碳减排。文章在介绍光伏建筑一体化基本概念、原理和分类的基础上,对其中的关键技术问题进行了分析,主要包括散热问题和阴影问题两个方面,散热问题主要基于光伏光热建筑一体化技术解决,阴影问题主要通过改变光伏面板角度和光伏系统的结构、控制方式来减弱阴影影响。通过分析,可促进BIPV系统在技术层面的发电效率提升。

基于YOLOv5算法的光伏表面故障智能化识别

光伏发电板表面的故障是影响光伏板寿命的主要因素。因此需要对光伏发电板检测故障。本文提出一种基于YOLOv5算法的光伏表面故障的智能化识别与检测的模型。以太阳能光伏板表面的脏污、异物、裂痕智能识别为目标,通过监控视频拍摄的视频进行图像采集,利用帧间差分法提取视频的关键帧,在此基础上通过改进的YOLOv5实现对光伏视频实时检测与分类,为光伏板的维修检测提供智能化管理。该研究有助于延长光伏板使用寿命和使用效率。