Research on AC Electronic Load with Energy Recovery Based on Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control

Nowadays,AC electronic loads with energy recovery are widely used in the testing of uninterruptible power supplies and power supply equipment.To tackle the problems of control difficulty,strategy complexity,and poor dynamic performance of AC electronic load with energy recovery of the conventional control strategy,a control strategy of AC electronic load with energy recovery based on Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control(FCSMPC)is developed.To further reduce the computation burden of the FCS-MPC,a simplified FCS-MPC with transforming the predicted variables and using sector to select expected state is proposed.Through simplified model and equivalent approximation analysis,the transfer function of the system is obtained,and the stability and robustness of the system are analyzed.The performance of the simplified FCS-MPC is compared with space vector control(SVPWM)and conventional FCS-MPC.The results show that the FCS-MPC method performs better dynamic response and this advantage is more obvious when simulating high power loads.The simplified FCS-MPC shows similar control performance to conventional FCS-MPC at less computation burden.The control performance of the system also shows better simulation results.

单相PET级联整流SVPWM均压边界及拓展方法

电力电子变压器(power electronic transformer,PET)是交直流配电系统互联的重要接口设备,然而后级等效负载不平衡将造成前级整流器各模块的电压偏移。针对单相级联H桥整流器空间矢量调制均压失效问题,推导出基于最优矢量选择均压策略的边界计算方法。根据计算所得的负载不平衡度限制边界与级联模块数、调制度以及功率因数的关系,提出了变调制度和功率因数的控制策略以增加均压能力。该策略通过改变直流电压或降低功率因数来重建更宽的均压工作范围,确保原不平衡度均压极限的系统稳定运行。最后,通过三模块级联整流器的仿真与实验验证了该均压边界的正确性,以及所提均压拓展方法保障极端不平衡负载条件下均压的有效性。

Web Tension Regulation of Multispan Roll-to-Roll System using Integrated Active Dancer and Load Cells for Printed Electronics Applications

The mass production of primed electronics can be achieved by roll-to-roll（R2R） printing system, so highly accurate web tension is required that can minimize the register error and keep the thickness and roughness of printed devices in limits. The web tension of a R2R system is regulated by the use of integrated load cells and active dancer system for printed electronics applications using decentralized multi-input-single-output（MISO） regularized variable learning rate backpropagation artificial neural networks. The active dancer system is used before printing system to reduce disturbances in the web tension of process span. The classical PID control result in tension spikes with the change in roll diameter of winder and unwinder rolls. The presence of dancer in R2R system shows that improved web tension control in printing span and the web tension can be enhanced from 3.75 N to 4.75 N. The overshoot of system is less than ±2.5 N and steady state error is within ± 1 N where load cells have a signal noise of ±0.7 N. The integration of load cells and active dancer with self-adapting neural network control provide a solution to the web tension control of multispan roll-to-roll system.

三相电压型PWM整流器的虚拟转矩冲量平衡控制策略

模型预测控制具有结构简单、鲁棒性强和动静态性能良好等优点,因此其在三相电压型PWM整流器系统中得到了广泛应用。然而,模型预测控制的电压外环采用PI线性调节器进行调节,影响了直流侧电压的动态性能。为此提出了虚拟转矩冲量平衡控制策略,从而使直流侧电压仅经过1次调节即可实现快速收敛。为了实现此策略,首先,根据数学模型推导得到了虚拟转矩的表达式;其次,根据负载突变前、后直流侧输出电压保持不变,同时结合功率守恒原则,分析建立了负载突变时的虚拟转矩冲量平衡控制方程,求得零矢量与前进矢量的作用时间;最后,通过仿真和实验实现了三相电压型PWM整流器系统负载突变时的虚拟转矩冲量平衡控制,验证了所提算法的正确性与有效性。

Unbalanced Load Simulation of Electronic Power Transformer in Distribution System

A control scheme of electronic power transformer (EPT) in a three-phase four-wire distribution system, which included an input section, an isolating section and an output section, was researched under unbalanced loads. The simple and appropriate control scheme was developed through analyzing the system requirements of the primary side and the load requirements of the secondary side. In the input section, a dual-loop control in synchronous rotating d-q coordinates was introduced, and in the output section, a dual-loop control based on instantaneous output voltage was used. Load characteristics of EPT were investigated by using Matlab/Simulink software. Simulation results showed that, with the proposed control scheme, the EPT has good performances and the sinusoidal input current and constant output voltage can be realized under both balanced and unbalanced loads.

基于负载功率前馈一体化控制的双PWM变频调速系统的仿真

针对双PWM变频器整流侧与逆变侧独立控制时,直流侧必须利用大电容稳压,导致系统成本增加且寿命缩短的问题,提出一种整流侧采用引入新型开关矢量表的直接功率控制(Direct Power Control,DPC)方案。该方案逆变侧采用转子磁场定向矢量控制,并采用负载功率前馈控制策略,以实现双PWM变频器的协调控制。仿真实验结果表明,相比独立控制的双PWM变频调速系统,采用该一体化协调控制策略的双PWM变频调速系统,不仅能减小网侧电流的谐波,还可较好地抑制负载突变时直流电压的波动,加快整流侧和逆变侧的动态响应,大大提高系统的抗扰能力,从而减小电容体积并降低成本。

Review of Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry(ESPI) for Three Dimensional Displacement Measurement

Three dimensional（3D） displacements, which can be translated further into 3D strain, are key parameters tor design, manufacturing and quality control. Using different optical setups, phase-shift methods, and algorithms, several different 3D electronic speckle pattern interferometry（ESPl） systems for displacement and strain measurements have been achieved and commercialized. This paper provides a review of the recent developments in ESPI systems for 3D displacement and strain measurement. After an overview of the fundamentals of ESP! theory, temporal phase-shift, and spatial phase-shift techniques, 3D deformation measurements by the temporal phase-shift ESPI system, which is suited well for static measurement, and by the spatial phase-shift ESPI system, which is particularly useful for dynamic measurement, are discussed. For each method, the basic theory, a brief derivation and different optical layouts are presented. The state of art application, potential and limitation of the ESPI systems are shown and demonstrated.

Limit Load Solution for Electron Beam Welded Joints with Single Edge Weld Center Crack in Tension

Limit loads are widely studied and several limit load solutions are proposed to some typical geometry of weldments.However,there are no limit load solutions exist for the single edge crack weldments in tension（SEC（T））,which is also a typical geometry in fracture analysis.The mis-matching limit load for thick plate with SEC（T） are investigated and the special limit load solutions are proposed based on the available mis-matching limit load solutions and systematic finite element analyses.The real weld configurations are simplified as a strip,and different weld strength mis-matching ratio M,crack depth/width ratio a/W and weld width 2H are in consideration.As a result,it is found that there exists excellent agreement between the limit load solutions and the FE results for almost all the mis-matching ration M,a/W and ligament-to-weld width ratio（W-a）/H.Moreover,useful recommendations are given for evaluating the limit loads of the EBW structure with SEC（T）.For the EBW joints with SEC（T）,the mis-matching limit loads can be obtained assuming that the components are wholly made of base metal,when M changing from 1.6 to 0.6.When M decreasing to 0.4,the mis-matching limit loads can be obtained assuming that the components are wholly made of base metal only for large value of（W-a）/H.The recommendations may be useful for evaluating the limit loads of the EBW structures with SEC（T）.The engineering simplifications are given for assessing the limit loads of electron beam welded structure with SEC（T）.

三相PWM变换器的共模电压抑制方法综述

脉宽调制(pulse width modulation,PWM)技术是电力电子变换器中最常用的控制技术之一,但不可避免地会产生共模电压。共模电压及其感应产生的轴电压、轴承电流等会严重危害电机甚至整个系统的安全运行,因此必须从源头上对它进行有效地抑制。首先分析共模电压的产生及作用于电机的基本原理,随后分别总结空间矢量PWM和载波PWM两种调制策略下进行共模电压抑制的控制自由度及相应控制方法,并对不同方法的性能进行对比,最后对其后续的发展方向进行展望。

基于PWM整流器的大功率等离子体点火电源

对大功率等离子体点火电源中脉宽调制(PWM)整流参数和控制环进行了设计,提升了PWM整流输出电压抗负载扰动能力,实验验证了所提方案的有效性。

Oxygen vacancies with localized electrons direct a functionalized separator toward dendrite-free and high loading LiFePO_(4)for lithium metal batteries

The pursuit of high energy density has promoted the development of high-performance lithium metal batteries(LMBs).However,the underestimated but non-negligible dendrites of Li anode have been observed to shorten battery lifespan.Herein,a composite separator(TiO_(2-x)@PP),in which TiO_(2)with electron-localized oxygen vacancies(TiO_(2-x))is coated on a commercial PP separator,is fabricated to homogenize lithium ion transport and stabilize the lithium anode interface.With the utilization of TiO_(2-x)@PP separators,the symmetric lithium metal battery displays enhanced cycle stability over 800 h under a high current density of 8 m A cm^(-2).Moreover,the LMBs assembled with high-loading LiFePO_(4)(9.24 mg cm^(-2))deliver a stable cycling performance over 900 cycles at a rate of 0.5 C.Comprehensive theoretical studies based on density functional theory(DFT)further unveil the mechanism.The favorable TiO_(2-x)is beneficial for facilitating fast Li+migration and impeding anions transfer.In addressing the Li dendrite issues,the use of TiO_(2-x)@PP separator potentially provides a facile and attractive strategy for designing well-performing LMBs,which are expected to meet the application requirements of rechargeable batteries.

Absopulse Electronics公司3相-3相频率变换器

Absopulse Electronics公司推出FTT6000-C，其3相-3相频率变换器的新成员。这种6kVA产品可在60Hz公用线路与400Hz航空地面支持设备间实现频率变换。FTT6000-C可将3相、208Vrms(火线-火线)输入变换为120Vrms(火线-零线)输出(400Hz)。输出各相连接成Y形，零线接地。这种频率变换器采用高频PWM技术，以便合成出经调节的正弦波，

CHARACTERISTICS OF CYCLOTRON AUTORESONANCE MASER WITH A LARGE-ORBIT ELECTRON RING IN A PARTIALLY DIELECTRIC-LOADED WAVEGUIDE

The cyclotron autoresonace masers with a large-orbit electron ring in a dielectric-loaded waveguide have been analyzed.The stability properties are investigated self-consistentlyon the basis of the linearized Vlasov-Maxwell equations.The numerical results show that thedielectric liner can greatly reduce the energy of the electron beam,and a novel effective radiationdevice with low electron beam energy in the millimeter and submillimeter wave region have beenproposed.

Computerised Gate Firing Control for 17-Level MLI using Staircase PWM

A basic 7-level MLI topology is developed and the same is extended to the 9-level then further increased to 17-levels.The developed structure minimizes the component’s count and size to draw out the system economy.Despite the various advantages of MLIs,efficiency and reliability play a major role since the usage of components is higher for getting a low Total Harmonics Distortion(THD)value.This becomes a major challenge incorporated in boosting the efficiency without affecting the THD value.Various parametric observations are done and realized for the designed 9-level and 17-level MLI,being the Total Standing Voltage(TSV),efficiency,cost function per level count,and power loss.The respective parameters are compared with several existing and modern circuits and found to be effective in their performance.A novel single-phase 17-level asymmetrical Multi-Level Inverter(MLI)topology is developed to reduce the number of overall components.The developed topology generates 17-levels by using unequal DC sources.The developed MLI is proved under various tests con-ducted experimentally for the various loads like resistive,inductive,and combinational loads.A detailed comparison is done on several factors and represented graphically represented.Further,the proposed design provides a less TSV value is 6 V_(dc),efficiency is 94.21%and cost factor per level CF/L value for both values ofαis 2.01 and 2.05 and devices count with a low THD value 41.4%with respectively.

一种L波段300W GaN脉冲功率模块

随着第三代半导体GaN器件技术的不断发展,GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)在电子系统中逐步得到了广泛应用。研制了一款小型化L波段300 W GaN脉冲功率模块。研发了满足高压脉冲工作条件的GaN HEMT芯片,采用负载牵引技术进行了器件大信号阻抗参数提取,并以此为基础设计了小型化匹配网络进行阻抗变换。基于高压驱动芯片和开关器件芯片设计了小型化高压脉冲调制电路。测试结果表明,在工作频率990~1130 MHz、工作电压50 V、脉冲宽度100μs、占空比10%下,功率模块脉冲输出功率大于300 W,功率附加效率大于53%,功率增益大于38 dB。功率模块尺寸为30 mm×30 mm×8 mm。

高比例分布式电源配电网中低压柔性互联协调规划

柔性互联技术是解决高比例分布式电源(distributed generation,DG)配电网面临诸多问题的有效手段之一。提出了一种基于多层优化的配电网中压与低压柔性互联协调规划方法。首先,建立基于电力电子柔性互联设备(flexible interconnected devices,FID)的中低压柔性互联配电网潮流模型。然后,构建三层协调规划模型,上层以低压FID年运行成本及台区变压器负载率的年方差最小为目标,中层以中压FID年运行成本及从上级电网年购电成本最小为目标,分别决策低压和中压FID的安装位置与容量,下层以各场景的从上级电网购电成本最小为目标优化系统运行,并采用自适应粒子群优化和二阶锥规划相结合的混合算法求解。最后,采用含高比例DG的IEEE 33节点配电网进行算例分析,通过柔性互联规划系统的年综合运行成本降低了19.01%,台区变压器负载率的年方差减少了82.59%,验证了所提规划模型的有效性。

不均匀卵石持力层桩端后注浆效果试验研究

我国东南沿海尤其是温州地区广泛存在上覆深厚软土下覆不均匀卵石的地层。该区域的钻孔灌注桩常采用后注浆技术改善其承载性能。为了评价后注浆技术对这类地层中灌注桩承载力改善效果,开展了相应的模型试验,对比了不同注浆量对桩承载力的影响程度;并结合扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,简称SEM)试验分析了浆液分布特点,探讨了浆液在卵石层中的扩散范围,研究了浆液扩散范围与桩承载力之间的关系。结果表明:浆液能够有效地填充桩端卵石层,注浆量的增加使得填充范围扩大,填充范围为3~4倍桩径时,桩的承载力改善最显著。在不均匀卵石持力层中存在一个最优注浆量,最优归一化注浆量约为2.8,若超过该最优注浆量归一化值,桩的承载力不再显著提高。单桩模型试验确定的最优注浆量与刘金砺公式[1]的预测结果接近。扫描电镜技术有助于评价桩的后注浆技术在上覆深厚软土下覆不均匀卵石的土层中的效果。

高能电子束辐照对黄精微生物及品质的影响

为探究高能电子束辐照对黄精的影响,以未辐照样品为对照,研究不同剂量(2、4、6、8、10 kGy)电子束辐照对黄精微生物含量、水分、总灰分、浸出物及色泽、挥发性物质的影响。结果表明,经2 kGy剂量辐照,黄精中微生物总数降低至《中国药典》要求限度;随着剂量增加,辐照杀菌效果更好。辐照对黄精水分和总灰分含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。辐照剂量≥4 kGy时,黄精浸出物含量、色度黄蓝值(b^(*)值)和饱和度显著增加(P<0.05),但不影响总色泽。辐照对黄精主要挥发性成分无明显影响,但在一定剂量下,会加速芳香成分、氮氧化合物、甲烷物质及醇类、醛酮类化合物挥发;主成分分析及线性判别分析表明,2 kGy剂量辐照对黄精挥发性影响最小。综合分析,2 kGy剂量高能电子束辐照能有效杀灭黄精中的微生物,且对其水分、总灰分、浸出物、色泽及挥发性成分无显著影响。

优化特定消谐 PWM 技术

本文提出了一种进一步减少特定消谐ＰＷＭ波形剩余谐波畸变率和改善剩余谐波频谱分布的新方法——优化特定消谐ＰＷＭ技术。这项技术在继承了特定消谐ＰＷＭ技术诸多优点的基础上克服了特定消谐ＰＷＭ技术剩余谐波含量大的缺点，使剩余谐波的第一波峰向后推移，有效地降低了输出ＰＷＭ波形的谐波畸变率。本文以消除谐波数Ｍ＝１３为例说明优化特定消谐理论，并通过计算机仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。这一技术在逆变电源、变频调速、无功补偿等领域具有广阔的应用前景。

SVPWM的等效算法及SVPWM与SPWM的本质联系

提出了一种电压空间矢量调制的新型等效算法,在该算法中无须进行电压矢量夹角的三角函数的运算,只有普通的四则运算,计算变得非常简单。克服了常规的空间矢量控制方法需要进行复杂的坐标转换、正弦函数和反正切函数运算,导致计算量大并且复杂的算法影响计算精度的缺点。详细分析了SVPWM、SPWM与逆变器控制方程的解的关系,得出SVPWM是逆变器控制方程的一个最优解,三角载波调制是逆变器控制方程的在假想中线下的特解,因而空间矢量调制SVPWM和三角载波调制SPWM的本质联系在于二者是同一控制方程的在不同的附加条件下的两个不同的特解。给出了基于空间矢量新型算法下的DC/ACPWM逆变器的实验结果,该结果显示了该算法的正确性和有效性。