不平衡电网下电流源型PWM整流器改进型无差拍控制

三相电流源型PWM整流器运行在电网电压不平衡情况下,引起直流侧及网侧电流存在大量低次谐波,势必对后级变换器供电稳定性、安全性等存在不利影响。针对该问题,首先建立整流器数学模型,推导出不平衡电网下直流侧电压和网侧电流表达式,揭示出系统直流侧和网侧电流产生低次谐波的机理。其次,根据瞬时功率理论设计内环电流参考指令,并利用无差拍控制实现网侧电流对参考电流的跟踪。然而传统无差拍控制存在延时问题,将影响网侧电流的跟随性能,造成电能质量下降。为解决该问题,提出了网侧电流内环改进型无差拍控制,利用两步预测法补偿系统延时。最后,基于Matlab/Simulink平台搭建仿真模型,验证所提控制策略的正确性与有效性。结果表明,所提方法能有效抑制直流侧和网侧电流低次谐波,实现网侧电流正弦化和直流侧电压稳定输出。

Development of a PWM Precision Spraying Controller for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

This paper presents a new Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controller for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) precisionsprayer for agriculture using a TL494 fixed-frequency pulse width modulator together with a data acquisition board and developedsoftware. An UAV can be remotely controlled or flown autonomously by pre-programmed flight plans. The PWMcontroller was implemented through the guidance system on the UAV with control commands sent between the UAV helicopterand the ground control station via a wireless telemetry system. The PWM controller was tested and validated using LabVIEW8.2. Several analyses were performed in a laboratory to test different control signals. The results show that the PWM controllerhas promise as a higher precision technique for spray applications, which will improve efficiency of pesticide application,especially in crop production areas.

定频PWM控制混合桥双LLC谐振变换器研究

针对宽输出电压应用中传统频率控制LLC谐振变换器工作频率范围宽且存在较大循环电流的问题,提出1种定频PWM控制混合桥双LLC谐振变换器。根据原边侧结构的不同,所提变换器有3种拓扑结构形式,分别为半桥-半桥双LLC谐振变换器、半桥-全桥双LLC谐振变换器、全桥-全桥双LLC谐振变换器。其中,原边侧结构并联输入,2个变压器二次侧串联输出。相较于传统频率控制LLC变换器,3种拓扑形态始终在谐振频率点工作,缩小了开关频率范围;在PWM控制策略下,可以分别实现2倍电压增益、3倍电压增益和4倍电压增益以适应宽电压场合;电路中循环电流损耗低,软开关性能良好。Simulink仿真和实验结果验证了所提方案的可行性。

Dynamics and adaptive control of a dual-arm space robot with closed-loop constraints and uncertain inertial parameters

A dynamics-based adaptive control approach is proposed for a planar dual-arm space robot in the presence of closed-loop constraints and uncertain inertial parameters of the payload. The controller is capable of controlling the po- sition and attitude of both the satellite base and the payload grasped by the manipulator end effectors. The equations of motion in reduced-order form for the constrained system are derived by incorporating the constraint equations in terms of accelerations into Kane＇s equations of the unconstrained system. Model analysis shows that the resulting equations perfectly meet the requirement of adaptive controller design. Consequently, by using an indirect approach, an adaptive control scheme is proposed to accomplish position/attitude trajectory tracking control with the uncertain parameters be- ing estimated on-line. The actuator redundancy due to the closed-loop constraints is utilized to minimize a weighted norm of the joint torques. Global asymptotic stability is proven by using Lyapunov＇s method, and simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

基于非线性扰动观测器的三相PWM整流器滑模控制

针对交流微电网中三相PWM整流器的运行状态易受负载扰动、滤波电容参数摄动影响的问题,本文提出一种基于非线性扰动观测器的三相PWM整流器滑模控制方法。首先,将负载扰动、滤波电容参数摄动等视为集总扰动,构建电压环非线性模型。其次,设计非线性扰动观测器,实现集总扰动的在线估计。为实现主动抗干扰控制和滑模抖振抑制,将估计的集总扰动引入到滑模面中,得到了一种含有扰动估计的新型滑模面。最后,基于滑模控制理论设计电压外环滑模控制器,并采用Lyapunov稳定性理论对其进行了稳定性证明。动态性能测试结果表明,非线性扰动观测器能够快速、准确地对集总扰动进行估计;与双环PI控制相比,所提控制的过渡过程时间减少了60%,电压跌落量减少了54%;滤波电容参数变化时,所提控制的动态性能保持良好。稳态性能测试结果表明,与传统滑模控制和双环PI控制相比,所提控制的电流总谐波畸变率分别减少了70%和44%,同时滑模抖振得到了有效地抑制。测试结果证明了所提控制方法的强抗负载扰动能力和良好的滤波电容参数鲁棒性。

A closed-loop particle swarm optimizer for multivariable process controller design

Design of general multivariable process controllers is an attractive and practical alternative to optimizing design by evolutionary algorithms (EAs) since it can be formulated as an optimization problem. A closed-loop particle swarm optimization (CLPSO) algorithm is proposed by mapping PSO elements into the closed-loop system based on control theories. At each time step, a proportional integral (PI) controller is used to calculate an updated inertia weight for each particle in swarms from its last fitness. With this modification, limitations caused by a uniform inertia weight for the whole population are avoided, and the particles have enough diversity. After the effectiveness, efficiency and robustness are tested by benchmark functions, CLPSO is applied to design a multivariable proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for a solvent dehydration tower in a chemical plant and has improved its performances.

双闭环控制的三相电压型PWM整流器的研究

针对传统的不控整流电路中网侧电流谐波很大、晶闸管相控整流电路中深控时网侧功率因数低和闭环控制时动态响应慢等问题,设计出一种引入脉冲宽度调制技术的三相电压型整流器。在完成三相电压型整流器的电压外环电流内环的双闭环控制系统设计的基础上,对其进行了仿真实验。仿真结果表明,与不控或相控整流电路相比,该三相电压型PWM整流电路中,不仅输入电流的谐波大大减小,电能可双向流动,能够实现整流和逆变状态下的单位功率因数运行,还可较好地抑制负载突变时直流侧电压的波动,从而显著提高系统的抗扰能力,真正实现绿色环保和高效节能的高度结合。

A Space Vector Modulation Based Three-level PWM Rectifier under Simple Sliding Mode Control Strategy

In this paper, a voltage oriented control strategy for three-level PWM rectifier based on Sliding Mode Control (SMC) is introduced in order to obtain fast and accurate response of dc-bus voltage. To verify the validity of the analysis and the feasibility of the proposed control method a set of simulation tests have been conducted using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results show that compared to the conventional PI controller, the SMC can reduce drastically the three-level rectifier’s voltage fluctuation and improve the dynamic response of dc-bus significantly.

Application of Single Neuron Adaptive PID Regulators with Auto-tuning Gain in Industrial Parameter(Pressure)Closed-loop Process Control Systems

A type of single neuron adaptive PID regulator with auto-tuning gain is proposed and applied to the work control of fans, waterpumps and air-pressers etc. in Handan Iron & Steel Compel China. The robusthess of induStrial parameter closed-loop process controlsystems is improved, and the work quality of the systems bettered.

基于三矢量的PWM整流器改进模型预测直接功率控制方法

为解决传统模型预测直接功率控制存在的开关频率不恒定、计算量大、共模电压大问题,设计了一种三矢量模型预测直接功率控制方法。该方法通过在单个控制周期内输出三个不同电压矢量,克服了传统方法因连续多个周期输出相同电压矢量造成的开关频率不恒定问题;同时,在两相静止坐标系中,通过优化空间电压矢量图划分方法,采用两个代价函数确定电网电压矢量所在扇区,将算法的遍历次数从27次降至10次,克服了传统方法计算量大的问题;此外,通过去除两个冗余零矢量PPP与NNN,将共模电压抑制在Udc/3以内。最后搭建了5kW实验样机进行实验验证,仿真与实验结果表明,该方法可以有效降低计算量,输出谐波和共模电压抑制效果优于传统方法。

Novel control scheme for 3-phase PWM current-source converters under unbalanced source voltage conditions

Under unbalanced source voltage supply, considerable output second harmonics and input low-order harmonics in 3-phase PWM current-source converters (PWM-CSC) are generated. This paper proposes a new deadbeat controller based on compensation for unbalanced source voltage and current. With the proposed scheme, the second harmonics of the output current are eliminated and low-order harmonics of the source current are reduced effectively. Simulation and experimental results con- firmed the feasibility of the proposed method.

Solving position-posture deviation problem of multi-legged walking robots with semi-round rigid feet by closed-loop control

The semi-round rigid feet would cause position-posture deviation problem because the actual foothold position is hardly known due to the rolling effect of the semi-round rigid feet during the robot walking. The position-posture deviation problem may harm to the stability and the harmony of the robot, or even makes the robot tip over and fail to walk forward. Focused on the position-posture deviation problem of multi-legged walking robots with semi-round rigid feet, a new method of position-posture closed-loop control is proposed to solve the position-posture deviation problem caused by semi-round rigid feet, based on the inverse velocity kinematics of the multi-legged walking robots. The position-posture closed-loop control is divided into two parts: the position closed-loop control and the posture closed-loop control. Thus, the position-posture control for the robot which is a tight coupling and nonlinear system is decoupled. Co-simulations of position-posture open-loop control and position-posture closed-loop control by MATLAB and ADAMS are implemented, respectively. The co-simulation results verify that the position-posture closed-loop control performs well in solving the position-posture deviation problem caused by semi-round rigid feet.

Interference Management for DS-CDMA Systems through Closed-Loop Power Control, Base Station Assignment, and Beamforming

In this paper, we propose a smart step closed-loop power control (SSPC) algorithm and a base station assignment method based on minimizing the transmitter power (BSA-MTP) technique in a direct sequence-code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) receiver with frequency-selective Rayleigh fading. This receiver consists of three stages. In the first stage, with constrained least mean squared (CLMS) algorithm, the desired users’ signal in an arbitrary path is passed and the inter-path interference (IPI) is reduced in other paths in each RAKE finger. Also in this stage, the multiple access interference (MAI) from other users is reduced. Thus, the matched filter (MF) can use for more reduction of the IPI and MAI in each RAKE finger in the second stage. Also in the third stage, the output signals from the matched filters are combined according to the conventional maximal ratio combining (MRC) principle and then are fed into the decision circuit of the desired user. The simulation results indicate that the SSPC algorithm and the BSA-MTP technique can significantly reduce the network bit error rate (BER) compared to the other methods. Also, we observe that significant savings in total transmit power (TTP) are possible with our methods.

一种基于离散时域模型的单相PWM整流器控制参数多目标优化设计方法

单相PWM整流器一般采用电压外环比例积分、电流内环比例谐振的双闭环控制方法,在实现交流侧高功率因数的同时稳定直流侧输出电压,因此受到国内外学者的广泛研究。然而,在内外环控制参数设计阶段,传统设计方法一般根据经验选取控制参数,参数选取范围较大,且无法量化评估控制参数的时域控制效果,导致参数优化整定困难。为此,该文提出一种基于离散时域模型的内外环控制参数多目标优化设计方法。首先,采用传统设计方法确定电压外环比例、积分控制参数以及电流内环比例、谐振控制参数的安全设计空间;然后,基于离散时域模型将安全设计空间正映射至控制参数的时域性能空间,实现电流内环控制参数对交流侧功率因数以及电压外环控制参数对直流侧电压超调量的量化评估。在此基础上,通过进一步约束性能目标得到性能优化设计空间,考虑内外环控制参数的耦合效应,对内外环性能优化设计空间进行重新组合,再将其映射至性能空间,得到内外环控制目标帕累托最优前沿下的最优设计空间,从中选取内外环控制参数的优化设计点,在典型工况下实验测得的交流侧功率因数为0.981 26,直流输出电压超调量绝对值为1.37%,证明了所提优化设计方法的正确性。

模式切换结合模糊PWM的气动容腔压力控制方法

容腔压力是管路系统的主要控制对象,用高速开关阀代替普遍使用的比例阀进行压力调控,可大幅降低系统成本。针对单腔双阀压力跟踪系统,提出了一种模式切换结合模糊PWM的气动容腔压力控制方法。该方法的目的是减小超调,降低调节时间,提高压力跟踪性能。首先由模糊控制器根据偏差给出占空比指令,然后通过引入PWM将开关量转换为连续量调节,进而通过快速切换开关阀的工作模式实现容腔内压力的精细化调节。仿真结果表明:阶跃响应的超调量小于0.6%,峰值时间0.15 s,调节时间0.16 s,同时能够很好的跟踪上0.5 Hz的谐波信号,与当前控制策略相比,超调量和调节时间均有明显的降低。

Study of the EAST Fast Control Power Supply Based on Carrier Phase-Shift PWM

EAST （experimental advanced superconducting tokamak） fast control power supply is a high-capacity single-phase AC/DC/AC inverter power supply, which traces the displacement signal of plasma, and excites coils in a vacuum vessel to produce a magnetic field that realizes plasma stabilization. To meet the requirements of a large current and fast response, the multi- ple structure of the carrier phase-shift three-level inverter is presented, which realizes parallelled multi-inverters, raises the equivalent switching frequency of the inverters and improves the per- formance of output waves. In this work the design scheme is analyzed, and the output harmonic characteristic of parallel inverters is studied. The simulation and experimental results confirm that the scheme and control strategy is valid. The power supply system can supply a large current, and has a perfect performance on harmonic features as well as the ability of a fast response.

Research of the algorithm of the closed-loop control system to control the piezoelectric actuator

The piezoelectric actuator has been widely used in precision instruments and precision control. However, hysteresis, nonlinearity and creep exist in the actuator, which limit actuator applications and affect accuracy. This thesis introduces fuzzy control as the algorithm of a closed-loop control system to control the piezoelectric actuator. Fuzzy control can make this closed-looped system not only have high linearity, repeatability, accuracy and few overshoot, but isalso easily used.

三相PWM整流器离散空间矢量无模型预测电流控制策略

针对PWM整流器模型预测控制对系数参数准确性高度依赖的问题,提出一种基于离散空间矢量的无模型预测电流控制(MFPCC)策略。该策略通过矢量合成,在每个控制周期应用两个基本矢量,提高了预测电流的准确性;通过峰谷采样,分别测量并存储上一控制周期两个基本矢量作用下的电流梯度;并建立电流梯度方程,从而根据应用矢量的电流梯度进一步更新剩余6个未应用矢量的电流梯度,结合当前时刻的电流采样值,实现未来时刻的电流预测,得到下一时刻最优的虚拟矢量。该方法不依赖于任何系统参数,且消除了传统MFPCC策略中电流梯度更新停滞现象,降低了输出电流谐波。最后,通过实验和仿真验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性。

Informative Property of the Data Set in a Single-input Single-output (SISO) Closed-loop System with a Switching Controller

Closed-loop identification is important and necessary to various model-based advanced process control strategies, whose performance depends greatly on the informative property of the data set. Switching control is an important method in process control. Therefore, this paper studies the informative property of a data set in a single-input single-output (SISO) closed-loop system with a switching controller. It is proved that this data set is informative if the controller switches among at least two modes (i.e., feedback laws). Our result does not require any assumption on the way of switch and removes the constraints on the switching manner required in some classical literature. Finally, simulation case studies based on a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) process are given to validate the results.

Control of Unit Power Factor PWM Rectifier

To solve the problem of harmonic pollution to the power grid that caused by traditional diode rectifier and phase controlled rectifier, the unit power factor PWM rectifier is designed. The topology structure of the rectifier circuit is introduced and the double closed-loop control strategy in three-phase stationary coordinate system is analyzed. For the deficiency of control strategy, the control strategy in two-phase synchronous rotating coordinate system is proposed. This makes the independent control of active current and reactive current to be realized. The simulation model of the PWM rectifier is built and the effectiveness of the control method proposed in this paper is verified by simulation.