Novel flow control mechanism based on improved BP neural network in cognitive packet network

In this paper, a novel flow control mechanism in cognitive packet network (CPN) based on the improved back propagation (BP) neural network is proposed, considering the flow distribution status predicted by BP neural network when packets are routed. The objective is to increase the capacity of CPN and improve the quality of service (QoS) by achieving flow balance. Besides, considering the slow convergence speed of traditional BP algorithm and the quick change of the flow status in cognitive packet network, an improved BP algorithm with dynamic learning rate is designed in order to achieve a higher convergence speed. The mechanism, which we propose, regards the predicated traffic data as an important factor when packets are routed to implement flow control. By achieving balance, the quality of network can be improved obviously. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism provides better average time delay and packets loss ratio.

Random Access Algorithms in Packet Networks—A Review of Three Research Decades

We present a coherent and systematic review of Random Access Algorithms for packet networks, as developed over three and a half decades. We consider the appropriate user models and we classify the algorithms according to the channel sensing constraints imposed. We also present a review of the analytical methodologies required for the performance analysis of these algorithms.

A novel intrusion detection model for the CAN bus packet of in-vehicle network based on attention mechanism and autoencoder

The attacks on in-vehicle Controller Area Network(CAN)bus messages severely disrupt normal communication between vehicles.Therefore,researches on intrusion detection models for CAN have positive business value for vehicle security,and the intrusion detection technology for CAN bus messages can effectively protect the invehicle network from unlawful attacks.Previous machine learning-based models are unable to effectively identify intrusive abnormal messages due to their inherent shortcomings.Hence,to address the shortcomings of the previous machine learning-based intrusion detection technique,we propose a novel method using Attention Mechanism and AutoEncoder for Intrusion Detection(AMAEID).The AMAEID model first converts the raw hexadecimal message data into binary format to obtain better input.Then the AMAEID model encodes and decodes the binary message data using a multi-layer denoising autoencoder model to obtain a hidden feature representation that can represent the potential features behind the message data at a deeper level.Finally,the AMAEID model uses the attention mechanism and the fully connected layer network to infer whether the message is an abnormal message or not.The experimental results with three evaluation metrics on a real in-vehicle CAN bus message dataset outperform some traditional machine learning algorithms,demonstrating the effectiveness of the AMAEID model.

Solar Power Plant Network Packet-Based Anomaly Detection System for Cybersecurity

As energy-related problems continue to emerge,the need for stable energy supplies and issues regarding both environmental and safety require urgent consideration.Renewable energy is becoming increasingly important,with solar power accounting for the most significant proportion of renewables.As the scale and importance of solar energy have increased,cyber threats against solar power plants have also increased.So,we need an anomaly detection system that effectively detects cyber threats to solar power plants.However,as mentioned earlier,the existing solar power plant anomaly detection system monitors only operating information such as power generation,making it difficult to detect cyberattacks.To address this issue,in this paper,we propose a network packet-based anomaly detection system for the Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)of the inverter,an essential system of photovoltaic plants,to detect cyber threats.Cyberattacks and vulnerabilities in solar power plants were analyzed to identify cyber threats in solar power plants.The analysis shows that Denial of Service(DoS)and Manin-the-Middle(MitM)attacks are primarily carried out on inverters,aiming to disrupt solar plant operations.To develop an anomaly detection system,we performed preprocessing,such as correlation analysis and normalization for PLC network packets data and trained various machine learning-based classification models on such data.The Random Forest model showed the best performance with an accuracy of 97.36%.The proposed system can detect anomalies based on network packets,identify potential cyber threats that cannot be identified by the anomaly detection system currently in use in solar power plants,and enhance the security of solar plants.

Design of an Interconnection Architecture and Sizing of Two (2) EPC Core Networks: The Case of Orange-Guinea

With the arrival of the 4G and 5G,the telecommunications networks have experienced a large expansion of these networks.That enabled the integration of many services and adequate flow,thus enabling the operators to respond to the growing demand of users.This rapid evolution has given the operators to adapt,their methods to the new technologies that increase.This complexity becomes more important,when these networks include several technologies to access different from the heterogeneous network like in the 4G network.The dimensional new challenges tell the application and the considerable increase in demand for services and the compatibility with existing networks,the management of mobility intercellular of users and it offers a better quality of services.Thus,the proposed solution to meet these new requirements is the sizing of the EPC(Evolved Packet Core)core network to support the 5G access network.For the case of Orange Guinea,this involves setting up an architecture for interconnecting the core networks of Sonfonia and Camayenne.The objectives of our work are of two orders:(1)to propose these solutions and recommendations for the heart network EPC sizing and the deployment to be adopted;(2)supply and architectural interconnection in the heart network EPC and an existing heart network.In our work,the model of traffic in communication that we use to calculate the traffic generated with each technology has link in the network of the heart.

Retransmission in the network-coding-based packet network

In this paper, retransmission strategies of the network-coding-based packet network are investigated. We propose two retransmission strategies, the packet-loss-edge-based retransmission strategy (PLERT) and the minimum retransmission strategy (MRT), which focus on optimizing the retransmission efficiency without the constraint on the encoding field size. We compared the performances of the proposed retransmission strategies with the traditional automatic repeat-request (ARQ) strategy and the random retransmission strategy. Simulation results showed that the PLERT strategy works well when the packet loss rate is small. Among these retransmission strategies, the performance of the MRT strategy is the best at the cost of the high complexity that is still polynomial. Furthermore, neither of the proposed strategies is sensitive to the encoding field size.

Performance Analysis of Anti-Interference Wireless Packet Networks for LEO Micro-Satellite with Adaptive Nulling Antenna Array

Information integrity is key to successful operations in intricacy environments in the future, especially when strong interferences exist. This paper presents the design of a novel wireless packet network receiver system for Low Earth Orbit （LEO） micro-satellites with adaptive nulling antenna arrays. It uses three types of interference suppression in cascade： namely spread spectrum, adaptive array nulling, and transform domain filtering. This paper proposes a pilot channel-aided method in order to make full advantage of this arrangement, and analyzes its throughput and delay performance using the Markov chain model. Our results show that this method can achieve excellent delay and throughput performance： When the number of array antenna is 8, its throughput increase relative to the standard Slot-ALOHA protocol is 125 96.

OAM Technology of Packet Transport Network

The Packet Transport Network(PTN) technology includes Transport Multi-Protocol Label Switching(T-MPLS) and Provider Backbone Transport(PBT).T-MPLS is the simplified and reformed Multi-Protocol Label Switching(MPLS).It drops MPLS’connectionless features and its transport-unrelated forwarding processing,but adds the network model of the transport layer,protection switching and Operation,Administration and Maintenance(OAM) functionality.PBT enforces both OAM and protection functions,adds Time Division Multiplexing(TDM) business simulation and clock functions,and strengthens multi-service support capability.But PBT has no functions of traditional Ethernet address learning,address broadcast and Spanning Tree Protocol(STP).Both T-MPLS and PBT can well satisfy the requirements of packet transport.Compared to PBT,T-MPLS has better OAM functions.

A Genetic Algorithm for Routing in Packet-Switched Communication Networks

ＡＧｅｎｅｔｉｃＡｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍｆｏｒＲｏｕｔｉｎｇｉｎＰａｃｋｅｔ┐ＳｗｉｔｃｈｅｄＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎＮｅｔｗｏｒｋｓＨｅＣｕｉｈｏｎｇＯｕＹｉｓｈａｎＬｉＸｉａｎｊｉ（ＧｕａｎｇｄｏｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，Ｇｕａ...

Research on robust mean square stability of networked control systems with packet dropout

This paper is concerned with the robust stabilization problem of networked control systems with stochastic packet dropouts and uncertain parameters. Considering the stochastic packet dropout occuring in two channels between the sensor and the controller, and between the controller and the actuator, networked control systems are modeled as the Markovian jump linear system with four operation modes. Based on this model, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the mean square stability of the deterministic networked control systems and uncertain networked control systems are given by using the theory of the Markovian jump linear system, and corresponding controller design procedures are proposed via the cone complementarity linearization method. Finally, the numerical example and simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.

Observer-based H_∞ control over packet dropping networks

A new controller design problem of networked control systems with packet dropping is proposed. Depending on the place that the observer is put in the system, the network control systems with packet dropping are modeled as stochastic systems with the random variables satisfying the Bernoulli random binary distribution. The observer-based controller is designed to stabilize the networked system in the sense of mean square, and the prescribed H∞ disturbance attenuation level is achieved. The controller design problem is formulated as the feasibility of the convex optimization problem, which can be solved by a linear matrix inequality （LMI） approach. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

A Service Ratio-Based Dynamic Fair Queueing Algorithm for Packet-Switching Networks

A new weighted fair queueing algorithm is proposed, which uses the novel flow-based service ratio parameters to schedule flows. This solves the main drawback of traditional weighted fair queneing algorithms- the packet-based calculation of the weight parameters. In addition, this paper proposes a novel service ratio calculation method and a queue mangement technology. The former adjusts the service ratio parameters adaptively based on the dynamics of the packet lengths and thee solves the unfairness problem induced by the variable packet length. The latter improves the utilization of the server＇s queue buffer and reduces the delay jitter through restricting the buffer length for each flow.

Efficient Packet Scheduling Technique for Data Merging in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) has become a popular research topic due to its resource constraints. Energy consumption and transmission delay is crucial requirement to be handled to enhance the popularity of WSNs. In order to overcome these issues, we have proposed an Efficient Packet Scheduling Technique for Data Merging in WSNs. Packet scheduling is done by using three levels of priority queue and to reduce the transmission delay. Real-time data packets are placed in high priority queue and Non real-time data packets based on local or remote data are placed on other queues. In this paper, we have used Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA) scheme to efficiently determine the priority of the packet at each level and transmit the data packets from lower level to higher level through intermediate nodes. To reduce the number of transmission, efficient data merge technique is used to merge the data packet in intermediate nodes which has same destination node. Data merge utilize the maximum packet size by appending the merged packets with received packets till the maximum packet size or maximum waiting time is reached. Real-time data packets are directly forwarded to the next node without applying data merge. The performance is evaluated under various metrics like packet delivery ratio, packet drop, energy consumption and delay based on changing the number of nodes and transmission rate. Our results show significant reduction in various performance metrics.

Detection and Diagnosis of Urban Rail Vehicle Auxiliary Inverter Using Wavelet Packet and RBF Neural Network

This study concerns with fault diagnosis of urban rail vehicle auxiliary inverter using wavelet packet and RBF neural network. Four statistical features are selected: standard voltage signal, voltage fluctuation signal, impulsive transient signal and frequency variation signal. In this article, the original signals are decomposed into different frequency subbands by wavelet packet. Next, an automatic feature extraction algorithm is constructed. Finally, those wavelet packet energy eigenvectors are taken as fault samples to train RBF neural network. The result shows that the RBF neural network is effective in the detection and diagnosis of various urban rail vehicle auxiliary inverter faults.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCY HOPPING PACKET RADIO NETWORK WITH ACKNOLEDGEMENT TRAFFIC

Performance analysis of an asynchronous frequency hopping packet radio network and numerical results are given. The network has mixed traffic, one type of packet needs an Acknowledgement(Ack), the other type does not need, the background of such a network is tactical missile systems. A reasonable network model is given, based on which the effect of various parameters under multiaccess interference is investigated. The performance curves of throughput and average packet delay is given in this paper.

Multicomponent Kinetic Determination by Wavelet Packet Transform Based Elman Recurrent Neural Network Method

This paper covers a novel method named wavelet packet transform based Elman recurrent neural network(WPTERNN) for the simultaneous kinetic determination of periodate and iodate. The wavelet packet representations of signals provide a local time-frequency description, thus in the wavelet packet domain, the quality of the noise removal can be improved. The Elman recurrent network was applied to non-linear multivariate calibration. In this case, by means of optimization, the wavelet function, decomposition level and number of hidden nodes for WPTERNN method were selected as D4, 5 and 5 respectively. A program PWPTERNN was designed to perform multicomponent kinetic determination. The relative standard error of prediction(RSEP) for all the components with WPTERNN, Elman RNN and PLS were 3.23%, 11.8% and 10.9% respectively. The experimental results show that the method is better than the others.

Optimal Packet Size of Underwater Sensor Networks

Parameter optimization of nodes communication is the foundation of underwater sensor networks.The packet size is an important indicator of the impact of communication performance.As a result,the optimal packet size selection is a critical issue in improving the communication performance.This paper aims to make a model reflecting the communication characteristics as the optimization target,because underwater sensor networks have the characteristics of high time delay,high energy consumption and high bit error rate.Finally,simulation experiments and theory have demonstrated the effectiveness and timeliness of simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation(SPSA) algorithm.

A Network Calculus Approach for the Analysis of Packet-switching Networks

Network calculus is an evolving new methodology for backlog and delay analysis of packet-switching networks. With network calculus we are able to compute tight bounds on delays,backlogs,and effective bandwidths in a lossless setting applicable to packet-switching networks and better understand some physical properties of networks. In this paper,the basic network calculus concepts of arrival curves and service curves are introduced.Then we provide the approach for modeling leaky-bucket,generic cell rate algorithm(GCRA),constant bit rate(CBR)flow, variable bit rate(VBR) flow with arrival curve.It is shown that all rate-based packet schedulers can be by a simple rate latency service curve.And by applying these fundamental rules of network calculus,bounds on delay, buffer,effective bandwidth for leaky bucket,GCRA,CBR and VBR can be derived and some practical examples are given.Finally,we compare all the results obtained and conclude this paper.

Fault Tolerant Control for Networked Control Systems with Packet Loss and Time Delay

In this paper,a fault tolerant control with the consideration of actuator fault for a networked control system （NCS） with packet loss is addressed.The NCS with data packet loss can be described as a switched system model.Packet loss dependent Lyapunov function is used and a fault tolerant controller is proposed respectively for arbitrary packet loss process and Markovian packet loss process.Considering a controlled plant with external energy-bounded disturbance,a robust H ∞ fault tolerant controller is designed for the NCS.These results are also expanded to the NCS with packet loss and networked-induced delay.Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.