In vivo anti-aging properties on fat diet-induced high fat Drosophila melanogaster of n-butanol extract from Paecilomyces hepiali

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of the development and application of Paecilomyces hepiali,a fungus with edible and medicinal value,as a foodborne antioxidant and anti-aging agent.Its n-butanol extract(PHE)from rice cultures was selected for anti-aging experiment because of significant free radical scavenging activity in vitro.In vivo,PHE could significantly prolong the mean lifespan,50%survival days,and the maximum lifespan of Drosophila on a high-fat diet.It is amazing that the mean lifespan increased from 19.1 days to 32.9 days,50%survival days increased from 15.7 days to 34.3 days,and the maximum lifespan extended from 44.7 days to 52.7 days,when the high-fat female Drosophila model was fed with 10μg/mL PHE.Further research showed that PHE reduced the accumulation of peroxide products and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes.Then,through antioxidant activity tracking,dimerumic acid(compound 1,the IC_(50) value of 3.4μg/mL on DPPH free radicals scavenging activity),4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxypentanoic acid(compound 2,new compound),and thymidine(compound 3)were isolated from PHE.It is worth mentioning that dimerumic acid,the major antioxidant compound of PHE(content up to 3%),was discovered in P.hepiali for the first time.It was concluded that PHE showed excellent anti-aging activity at a very low concentration on fat diet-induced high fat Drosophila melanogaster,and dimerumic acid may be its main material basis.These results indicated that PHE had the potential to be developed as antioxidant and anti-aging agent in the healthcare industry.

Artificial simulated saliva,gastric and intestinal digestion and fermentation in vitro by human gut microbiota of intrapolysaccharide from Paecilomyces cicadae TJJ1213

In this study,the in vitro digestion and fermentation of two intra-polysaccharide fractions(IPS1 and IPS2)from Paecilomyces cicadae TJJ1213 were investigated.The constituent monosaccharides of IPS1 and IPS2 were not changed after simulated saliva,gastric and small intestinal digestion.However,they can be hydrolyzed and utilized by gut microbiota,and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)level were increased after IPS1 and IPS2 treatments.Furthermore,16 S r RNA sequencing analysis of fermentation samples were performed.Alpha-diversity,beta-diversity and taxonomic composition differences analysis revealed that IPS1 and IPS2 promoted the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and modulated the overall structure of gut microbiota.Taxonomic comparison analysis found that IPS1 increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria including Megamonas,Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus,while IPS2 could increase the abundance of Bacteroides,Parabacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium.In addition,they can also decrease the levels of pathogenic bacteria containing Escherichia-Shigella,Klebsiella and Fusobacterium.These results indicated that IPS from Paecilomyces cicadae TJJ1213 could be used as potential candidates for new functional foods.

淡紫拟青霉·哈茨木霉微胶囊剂的制备及对苹果轮纹病菌的抑制作用

为延长微生物菌剂货架期,提高其在环境中存活率,保证其药效,本研究采用复凝聚法分别制备淡紫拟青霉和哈茨木霉微胶囊剂。微胶囊剂以哈茨木霉菌和淡紫拟青霉菌为芯材,明胶和阿拉伯胶为壁材,通过响应面法确定了微胶囊的最佳包埋条件。淡紫拟青霉微胶囊成囊条件为:明胶和阿拉伯胶各2.5%(40 mL)为壁材溶液、孢子浓度1×10^(9)cfu/m L、固化pH和温度分别为:4℃和40℃、搅拌速度500 r/min,最终包埋率达(85.44±0.22)%,中位粒径为23.62μm。4℃下贮存720 d,孢子存活率为95.23%;哈茨木霉成囊条件为:明胶和阿拉伯胶各1.6%(40 mL)为壁材溶液、孢子浓度1×10^(9)cfu/mL、固化pH和温度分别为:4.2℃和40℃、搅拌速度500 r/min,包埋率达92.17%,中位粒径为27.19μm。25℃下的存活率为92.11%。4℃下贮存720 d后,孢子存活率为96.25%。将制备的复合微胶囊剂用于苹果轮纹病的室内离体测试,当哈茨木霉微胶囊与淡紫拟青霉微胶囊以浓度6:4的比例进行混合后,抑制效果可达60.0%。

淡紫拟青霉及哈茨木霉混配冻干粉剂的制备及药效研究

以淡紫拟青霉和哈茨木霉为研究对象,选择合适的冻干保护剂及浓度制备淡紫拟青霉和哈茨木霉冻干粉剂,同时以苹果轮纹病为防治对象,进行混配菌剂的室内离体试验。结果表明:淡紫拟青霉冻干保护剂最佳配方组合为蔗糖10%、乳糖10%、甘油5%,当-80℃预冻18 h,菌体∶保护剂=2∶3时,淡紫拟青霉冻干存活率达85.23%;哈茨木霉冻干保护剂组成为蔗糖15%、蛋白胨2%、甘油5%,当-80℃预冻18 h,菌体∶保护剂=1∶1时,哈茨木霉冻干存活率可达95.25%。哈茨木霉与淡紫拟青霉冻干粉以6∶4的比例混配时,对苹果轮纹病防效最佳,防治效率可达70.24%。该结果有助于解决冻干菌剂在加工过程中容易失活、环境中存活时间短、药效不稳定等问题,可为开发良好的生防菌新剂型提供依据,对推动生物农药行业的发展有重要意义。

红树林共生真菌Paecilomyces sp· Tree 1-7代谢产物的研究

用硅胶柱色谱及重结晶等方法,并根据理化性质和光谱数据从一株红树林共生真菌Paecilomycessp.Tree 1-7中分离鉴定了四个化合物,分别为secalon ic ac id A(1),tenellic ac id A(2),大黄素(3),大黄酚(4)。并首次对化合物1和2进行了抗人的肝癌细胞hepG2的活性测试。结果显示,化合物1有很强的抗肿瘤活性,IC50=2.0μg/m l,化合物2的抗肿瘤活性IC50=62.1μg/m l。

红树林共生真菌Paecilomyces sp. Tree 1-7代谢产物的研究

Paecilomyces sp.Tree 1-7是一株采自台湾海峡的红树林共生真菌。用硅胶柱色谱及重结晶等方法,并根据理化性质和光谱数据对该菌的代谢产物进行了研究,从菌丝体中分离鉴定出三个化合物,分别为alatern in(1),5,8-二羟基-4-甲基-香豆素(2),3-羟基-3,6-二甲基-2,5-哌嗪(3)。对1进行了抗人的肝癌细胞hepG2及抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的活性测试,结果显示,化合物1有较强的抗肿瘤活性(IC50=7.0μg/mL),及很好地抑制AChE活性(IC50=0.87μg/mL)。

Effect of Neoseiulus cucumeiris Carrying Paecilomyces fumosoroseus on the Prevention of Aphids and Spider Mites in Eggplant

Using predatory mites Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudermans dusted with en- tomopathgen Paecilomyces fumosoroseus （Wize） Brown ＆ Smith to control aphids and spider mites is a new idea of biological control. Some studies were conducted to confirm the feasibility of this idea. The germination condition of P. fumosoroseus conidia was determined by the method of different saturated salt solutions applying different humidity in small containers, and the pathogenicity test and the pot experi- ment were also conducted, under a suitable condition. There were 6 treatments for pot experiment as following： （1） CK; （2） releasing 50 N. cucumeds, （3） spraying 20 ml of 10^7 spores/ml conidial suspension; （4） releasing 50 N. cucumeris after spraying 20 ml of 10^7 spores/ml conidial suspension; （5） releasing 20 N. cucumeris dusted conidia of P. fumosoroseus; and （6） releasing 50 N. cucumeris dusted with conidia of P. fumosoroseus. The result showed that the germination condition of P. fu- mosoroseus conidia was 25-30 ℃ and 95%-100% RH, and under this condition, the 10s spores/ml conidia suspension caused a mortality of 86.52% in aphids and 41.78% in predatory mites after ten days. From the pot experiment, the numbers of aphids of treatment （3）, （4）, （6） were close to 0 at the 8th day. This study proved that the predatory mites N. cucumeris dusted with the entomogenous P. fu- mosoroseus could provide satisfactory control on both aphids and spider mites in potted eggplants under suitable temperature and humidity. The predatory mite vec- toring entomopathogen system could provide an economic and labor saving way for aphid control.

宛氏拟青霉提取物与阿维菌素配施对番茄根结线虫病的防治效果

为明确宛氏拟青霉提取物(ZNC)对番茄根结线虫病的防治潜力,采用盆栽试验,以清水为对照,研究ZNC(0.5、1.0μg·株-1灌根)、阿维菌素(5 mg·株-1底施处理)及两者配施对番茄生长和果实品质的影响及其对根结线虫病的防治效果。结果显示,与清水处理相比,ZNC能够显著提高番茄根质量,降低根结数量,同时能够显著增加番茄的叶长、叶宽,提高番茄的株高和地上部鲜质量,还可提升植株抗氧化能力和果实品质;与阿维菌素配施对番茄根结线虫病防效可达88.89%,显著高于阿维菌素单施,同时番茄生长状况和果实品质得到提升。表明ZNC能够促进番茄生长,与阿维菌素配施后可提高番茄根结线虫病的防治效果。

不同药剂对温室黄瓜根结线虫防效和黄瓜生长的影响

以内蒙古奈曼旗温室黄瓜根结线虫为研究对象,比较了枯草芽孢杆菌、淡紫拟青霉、厚垣轮枝菌及嗜小红卵菌HNI-14种生防药剂及化学药剂噻唑磷对根结线虫的防治效果和对黄瓜植株生长的影响。结果表明,4种生防药剂中淡紫拟青霉对黄瓜根结线虫防效最好,达76.10%。淡紫拟青霉对黄瓜植株的株高、茎粗、有效叶数、叶面积和根系活力均有促生作用。因此,淡紫拟青霉可推荐为该地区防治蔬菜根结线虫的可替换生防药剂。

不同品种大豆培养基对蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌丝体代谢成分的影响

以不同品种大豆为培养基对蝙蝠蛾拟青霉代谢成分影响进行研究,筛选出最佳大豆品种,为蝙蝠蛾拟青霉标准化生产提供参考。首先对15个不同大豆品种培养基的主成分含量进行测定,同时对各品种大豆培养基培养的蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌丝体生物量、菌丝体腺苷含量及腺苷总量进行测定。采用非靶向代谢组学方法对不同品种大豆培养基培养的蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌丝体中的代谢成分进行研究。结果表明,15个不同品种大豆豆饼中的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量以及对应培养基培养的蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌丝体腺苷含量均有显著性差异(P<0.05),其中9号品种大豆培养基培养的菌丝体腺苷含量最高为(1089.35±25.51)mg/kg,5号的最低为(60.68±9.56)mg/kg,5号、9号和10号培养的菌丝体之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。代谢组学研究表明,5号、9号和10号菌丝体代谢成分相对含量差异较大。其中9号菌丝体丙氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸等氨基酸,水苏糖、半乳糖等糖类,以及三羧酸循环产物2-氧代丁酸、柠檬酸等代谢物相对含量显著高于5号和10号菌丝体。KEGG富集分析表明,9号培养基通过促进天冬氨酸及谷氨酸代谢通路,可增加天冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量,进而增加腺苷含量。培养基中不同品种大豆培养基对蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌丝体腺苷含量影响显著,其中9号大豆培养基培养菌丝体的腺苷含量最高。本研究为筛选培养蝙蝠蛾拟青霉最佳大豆培养基提供了参考。

Paecilomyces in flatus对养殖水体的影响和鲫鱼组织LDH同工酶的变化

本文报道了Paecilomycesinflatus对养殖水体生物环境（群落）的影响和鲫鱼组织（鳃和肝）乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）同工酶的变化．结果表明，P．inflantus可提高鲫鱼抗环境污染、防病菌侵入的能力，并对其作用原理进行了初步探讨．

人参皂苷Rd高产突变株Paecilomyces bainier sp229-7的生长特性和生物转化

目的通过研究突变株拟青霉菌sp229-7(Paecilomyces bainiersp229-7)的生长及转化底物情况,探讨突变株转化三七茎叶总皂苷的高效性。方法在不同条件下,运用摇瓶转化法考查菌株生长和转化底物特性;分别采用静息态细胞、胞外酶以及粗酶液,测定其对底物转化情况。结果菌体12～48 h之间生长最旺盛,36 h加入底物转化率最高,加入底物后72 h转化基本结束,转化产物只有人参皂苷Rd,底物投料量至少可以达到20 mg/mL,克分子转化率达80%以上,转化温度27℃～32℃之间最佳。静息态细胞、胞外酶以及粗酶液都可以将人参皂苷Rb1转化为人参皂苷Rd。结论与文献报道相比,Paecilomyces bainiersp229-7突变株具有良好的底物耐受性和专一性,快速生长的后期是底物投料的最佳时机,Rb1转化为Rd的时间缩短为3 d,投料量至少增加20倍,显著提高了转化效率,可望应用于工业生产。突变株的高转化效率可能与转化酶由细胞内产生并部分分泌到胞外有关,增加了酶与底物接触机会,避免了产物在胞内过量积累。

耐镉真菌Paecilomyces lilacinus6-20p对Cd^2+的吸附特性研究

开展了一株高耐镉真菌Paecilomyces lilacinus 6-20p对Cd^(2+)的吸附效果及影响因素的研究。结果表明获取Paecilomyces lilacinus 6-20p最大生长量的培养时间为108 h。Paecilomyces lilacinus 6-20p对培养液中Cd^(2+)的去除率随pH、培养温度、培养时间呈现先增高后降低的趋势,对Cd^(2+)吸附的最佳条件为pH 3.5,30℃培养108 h。培养液中Cd^(2+)初始浓度小于35.2 mg/L时,Paecilomyces lilacinus 6-20p的生长未受到抑制。当Cd^(2+)浓度大于35.2 mg/L时,其对培养液中Cd^(2+)的去除率随Cd^(2+)初始浓度增加而降低。pH、培养温度、培养时间以及Cd^(2+)初始浓度等因素均能显著影响Paecilomyces lilacinus 6-20p对Cd^(2+)的吸附效果,在菌株应用过程中应充分考虑这些因素。

红树林共生真菌Paecilomyces sp. Tree 1-7代谢产物对人肝癌细胞HepG2的杀伤作用

目的:测定红树林共生真菌Paecilomycessp.Tree 1-7代谢产物对人肝癌细胞HepG2的杀伤作用。方法:实验分为3组:空白对照组、阳性对照组和代谢产物组,采用MTT法检测不同浓度的代谢产物对人肝癌细胞HepG2的杀伤作用。结果:代谢产物中化合物secalonic acid A对人肝癌细胞HepG2的IC50为2.0μg/ml,tenellic acid A对HepG2的IC50为62.1μg/ml,alternin对HepG2的IC50为7.0μg/ml。结论:红树林共生真菌Paecilomycessp.Tree 1-7代谢产物中secalonic acid A和alternin对人肝癌细胞HepG2具有较强的细胞毒性,值得进一步研究。

Paecilomyces inflatus生理特性的研究

本文报道了Ｐａｅｃｉｌｏｍｙｃｅｓｉｎｆｌａｔｕｓ的生理特性及ＡＴＰａｓｅ（三磷酸腺苷酶）、ＰＯＤ（过氧化物酶）的同工酶和ＣＯＤ（细胞色素氧化酶）的测试结果，并对该菌在养殖水体中的生理效应作了初步研究．

Optimization of V_A and V_E Production by a Paecilomyces marquandii Strain

In order to further improve the yield of VA and VE produced by a Paecilomyces marquandii strain, using PDA liquid medium as the basic medium, the effects of adding nitrogen source, pH value and Fe2＋ on the VA and VE production were compared with an orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the VA yield was significantly increased when sodium nitrate was added as nitrogen source, pH value of medium was 6, but Fe2＋ was not added; the addition of peptone into the basic medium as a nitrogen source contributed to the improvement of VE yield in mycelia; the PDA liquid medium, as a basic medium, was more conducive to the VA production by the Paecilomyces marquandii strain.

Paecilomyces sp. S152胞外漆酶的合成调控

探索了不同碳氮源营养条件下,Paecilomyces sp.S152胞外漆酶的分泌情况,发现麦芽糖(20 g/L)、大豆蛋白胨(10 g/L)及酵母粉(1 g/L)最适于Paecilomyces sp.S152胞外漆酶的合成,发酵7～8 d后,漆酶酶活达到5064 U/L。研究发现Paecilomyces sp.S152漆酶在细胞内及细胞外均有分布,添加1.5 g/L的Tween 80可促进胞内漆酶的释放,提高胞外漆酶酶活,缩短发酵周期(6 d),生产强度提高至946 U/(L·d)。

不同作物秸秆和淡紫拟青霉复配对番茄苗期生长及根结线虫病的影响

以6种不同作物秸秆(小麦、玉米、菊芋、万寿菊、分蘖洋葱、大蒜)和淡紫拟青霉为试验材料,采用盆栽的方法,研究不同作物秸秆和淡紫拟青霉复配对番茄幼苗生长、根结线虫病害、土壤养分、土壤酶活性和真菌群落的影响。结果表明:除大蒜秸秆外,其余处理均促进了番茄幼苗生长;秸秆和淡紫拟青霉复配施用明显降低了番茄根结数,不同程度地改善了土壤养分状况,其中小麦和菊芋秸秆处理显著提高了土壤蔗糖酶的活性;菊芋和玉米秸秆处理增加了土壤有益真菌类群的相对丰度,同时秸秆和淡紫拟青霉复配增加了淡紫拟青霉在土壤中的定殖量。综上所述,复配不同作物秸秆能够增加淡紫拟青霉在土壤中的定殖并提高其对番茄根结线虫病的防效,其中菊芋秸秆与淡紫拟青霉复配效果最佳。

虫生真菌粉质拟青霉(Paecilomyces farinosus)培养条件的研究

本文对采自山西省的虫生真菌粉质拟青霉 990 5菌株的培养条件进行了全面的分析 ,旨在寻求一种能在山西省大面积推广应用的虫生真菌杀虫剂 .试验结果表明 ,IDA(虫粉培养基 )上菌落生长最快 ,菌落直径最大 ;2 0℃ 2 5℃是菌丝生长的最适温度 ;光照对粉质拟青霉 990 5菌丝生长及产孢量有一定的影响 .

一株拟青霉菌(Paecilomyces sp.)的次生代谢产物研究

目的:通过对一株拟青霉菌(Paecilomyces sp.)的研究获得活性次生代谢产物。方法:利用固体大米培养基对该株拟青霉菌(Paecilomyces sp.)进行发酵培养,利用硅胶、凝胶柱层析法以及高效液相色谱等技术对该株真菌的次生代谢产物进行研究。通过质谱和核磁共振等现代波谱分析方法对其结构进行了鉴定。结果:共分离得到4个次生代谢产物,分别为:Cerebroside C(1)、Cerebroside D(2)、2-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol(3)、2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethanol(4)。结论:以上4个化合物均为首次从该株真菌中分离得到。