Exploring the association of paid sick leave with healthcare utilization and health outcomes in the United States:a rapid evidence review

Objective:Paid sick leave(PSL)laws mandate employers give workers paid time off when they are sick or injured.This current study aims to examine whether access to PSL is associated with healthcare utilization and health outcomes and to summarize the types of utilization and outcomes which have been reported to be associated with PSL.Methods:We conducted a rapid evidence review.Our search of seven databases,including Medline,Embase,PsycINFO,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,Scopus,and JSTOR,on September 21,2020,identified 757 studies,30 of which were retained.Results:Previous evidence is mostly provided by cross-sectional studies with survey data.In this study,evidence suggests that PSL is significantly associated with some types of healthcare utilization and health outcomes.In terms of healthcare utilization,findings indicate PSL is associated with an increase in the use of some preventive sendees and a decrease in the use of emergency care;while findings are mixed regarding associations of PSL with health provider visits and the use of mammograms and pap smears.As for health outcomes,findings suggest PSL is associated with improved mental and self-rated health,decreased incidence of influenza-like illness,and lower occupational injuries and mortality rates.Conclusion:PSL may be an effective tool in improving some healthcare utilization and health outcomes.Future research could help identify mechanisms through which PSL access works and identify what policy components lead to better outcomes.

网络化、构件化农业专家系统开发平台(PAID)的研究与应用

阐述了网络化、构件化农业专家系统开发平台PAID的结构和功能 ,以及开发平台利用的关键技术、运行环境。

基于PAID的贵州西瓜栽培专家系统研究

将人工智能、多媒体等信息技术与农业技术有机结合起来,研究开发出基于PAID开发平台的贵州西瓜栽培专家系统,该系统包括了从播前决策至采收的栽培全过程的25个决策模块,同时收集了大量的多媒体资料和实用技术规程。

基于PAID平台的新疆棉花施肥专家系统的建立

利用PAID农业专家系统开发平台嵌入GIS组件MapX技术,以SQL Server为后台数据库,把棉花田间管理和作物施肥理论等专家知识进行科学组装和集成,建立了基于网络的棉花施肥推荐专家系统。实现了远程专家施肥推荐和信息查询功能。该系统不仅实现了专家知识的远程共享,也为今后开发其它作物或类型的专家系统奠定了基础。

基于PAID的荔枝农业专家系统的开发研究

将计算机网络信息、人工智能、多媒体等技术与农业技术结合起来,研究开发出基于PAID开发平台的荔枝农业专家系统,并根据本地的具体实际进行了软件资源的二次开发,降低了客户端的专业要求,实现了人机操作界面直观、明了。该系统的推广应用,有效地解决了目前中国荔枝生产中普遍存在专家型农业科技人员短缺的问题,为农业科技咨询服务提供了新途径,有利于先进农业技术的普及和推广应用。介绍了荔枝农业专家系统目标、系统结构、系统内容、系统实现及应用示范情况。

基于PAID5.0的农业智能专家系统开发研究

农业智能专家系统是把专家系统知识应用于农业领域的一项计算机技术。为了更好的对农业智能专家系统进行开发和应用,进一步发挥其在农业科技的推广和科技成果的转换中的重要的积极作用,采用系统科学的研究方法,主要对农业智能专家系统的开发方法、技术和工具进行研究。结果表明,目前采用基于农业智能专家系统开发工具基础之上的二次开发方法已经成为主流。重点介绍基于PAID5.0的农业智能专家系统进行二次开发的流程、知识规则库的建立及功能模块设计,为农业智能专家系统提供建设依据。

基于PAID5.0的肉羊疫病诊断与防治信息系统开发与应用

将PAID5.0农业专家系统开发平台与肉羊疫病诊断专业知识有机结合起来,研究开发出宁夏肉羊疫病诊断与防治专家系统。

基于PAID平台的新疆葡萄栽培贮藏保鲜决策系统的研究

利用计算机人工智能、多媒体等信息技术与农业技术有机结合起来,研究开发出基于PAID开发平台的新疆葡萄栽培贮藏保鲜专家系统,该系统包括了从播前决策至栽培采收全过程及贮藏保鲜的18个决策模块,1000多条规则,同时收集了大量的多媒体资料和实用技术规程。通过将专家研究成果与计算机的结合为葡萄高效栽培提供了技术支持,应用前景广阔。

Claim reserving for insurance contracts in line with the International Financial Reporting Standards 17:a new paid‑incurred chain approach to risk adjustments

This study considers the risk management of insurance policies in line with the implementation of the new International Financial Reporting Standards 17.It applies the paid-incurred chain method to model the future unpaid losses by combining the information channels of both the incurred claims and paid losses.We propose the recovery of the empirical distribution of the outstanding claims liabilities associated with a group of contracts via moment-based density approximation.We determine the risk measures and adjustments that are compliant with the new standard using the Monte–Carlo simulation method and approximated distributions.The historical data on the aggregate Ontario automobile insurance claims over a 15-year period are analyzed to examine the appropriateness and accuracy of our approach.

Insights from the University of Cincinnati Paid Internship Education Program

The University of Cincinnati is the birthplace of the paid internship program in the world and it has the most number of compulsory paid internship programs in the United States.Their paid internship education program has rich experience and remarkable results in curriculum arrangement,internship management and government support.However,the internship for vocational colleges in China faces problems such as low enthusiasm from industry,difficulty in internship management and insufficient government support.Drawing on the experience of paid internship education in the United States,the school and the industry jointly planned the internship training program,and finally established a collaboration model that benefits the three parties of the academia,the industry and the students.

Review of China's policy and management system for the paid use of sea area Feng

As a carrier to develop various marine resources, sea area is regulated as a kind of important resources through legislation by many coastal countries with a management system for the paid use of sea area. Since the early 1990s, China has begun to implement the paid use and formed an institutional system comprised of three levels after developing it for more than two decades. From 2002 to 2015, the Chinese Government transferred the use right of sea area of 33,910 km2 by paid use and levied a total of 75.89 billion CNY (11.328 billion US dollars) of sea area use payment. Apart from this, the Government has gained rich experience in operating and managing the compensable use of sea area. After retrospectively analyzing the development history of paid use of China’s sea area, the research presents an institutional structure and the implementation of the management system for the paid use of sea area and the main problems therein. On this basis, management policies and feasible policy suggestions are proposed. Research results from this study can provide available references for other developing countries and emerging economies to apply and improve native management system for the paid use of sea area.

A Causal Configuration Analysis of Payment Decision Drivers in Paid Q&A

Purpose:This paper examines factors of payment decision as well as the role each factor plays in casual configurations leading to high payment intention under systematic and heuristic information processing routes.Design/methodology/approach:Based on heuristic-systematic model(HSM),we propose a configurational analytic framework to investigate complex casual relationships between influencing factors and payment decision.In line with this approach,we use fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)to analyze data crawled from Zhihu.com.Findings:The number of previous consultations is a necessary element in all five equivalent configurations which lead to high intention in payment decision.The heuristic processing route plays a core role while the systematic processing route plays a peripheral role in payment decision-making process.Research limitations:Research is limited in that moderating effect of professional fields has not been considered in the framework.Practical implications:Configurations in results can assist managers of knowledge communities and paid Q&A service providers in the management of information elements to motivate more payment decision.Originality/value:This paper is one of the few studies to apply HSM theory and fsQCA method with respect to the payment decision in paid Q&A.

A STUDY ON REGIONAL DIFFERENCE OF CHINA＇S PAID URBAN LANDUSE SYSTEM AND GRADING

At present, paid urban landuse system is one of the most important economic reform in China. In the other words, landuse right can be transferred and land users must pay the rent to the state according to the quality of land. It is necessary toapply the theory of rent and location to the economic appraisal of urban land. China is vast in territory. Is's geographical condition and economic development vary from place to place, so does the urban land value. In order to reveal the difference of land value between different cities, the following method is used. (1) Analysing the factors and elements that affect the quality of urban land. Six factors including 17 elements were selected in this paper: macrolocation of a city, benefit of urban aggregation, infrastructure investment, output value of urban land, potential of urban land, and investment intensity. (2) Deciding the weight andvalue of each factor. (3) Appraising each element separately. (4) Accountingthe value of all factors and getting the total appraisal score of each city. (5) Grouping the 430 Chinese cities into sevencategories according to the appraisal values.The result shows that all the cities in the category with the highest land output values are in the coast belt, whereas most cities in the inland and outlying areas are belong to the category with low rank. For example, 87% of the cities in the outlying regions are belong to the lowest rank. Although there are some relationship between the size of cities and urban land rank, generally speaking, the larger the city, the higher the urban land rank. In fact, the locational condition is the most important factor which influences the rank of urban land.

手动创建PAID和LVM分区

Linux软件RAID技术是Linux操作系统提供的能够在软件层实现RAID磁盘阵列的有效技术手段，通过该技术可以建立起一个大容量的、具有很强数据冗余能力以及很高数据安全性的数据存储应用设备。

PROF.WANG YINUAN:Fifty-Year Efforts Paid Off Dearly

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How Much Paid Leave Should New Moms Get-Three Months or Three Years?

How long should paid maternity leave be？ Three months？ Six months？ A year？ Or three whole years？ Though Chinese laws and regulations allow 98 days of maternity leave, Zhang Lihui, a member of the 12th National Committee of the Chinese People＇s Political Consultative Conference, suggested that the entitlement be increased to three years, until the newborns are old enough to be sent to kindergarten. According to Zhang, this would not only meet the psychological and educational needs of children, but also help mothers work more efficiently in the future as they do not need to worry too much about their children.

Pre-paid Legal Services

pre-paid legal services is the new system to defend the high trial fees. It’s very popular in the USA. There are some benefits to their customs, and it is still a young system so it also has some weakness. I think it also can be introduces into China.

我国自然保护地生态产品价值实现的市场路径及完善

我国正拓展生态产品价值的实现模式,生态产品的价值实现机制已由倚重政府的路径向多样化的路径转变,其中的市场路径备受关注。自然保护地是国土空间中依法划定或确认的特定区域,国土空间规划和生态保护红线为自然保护地生态系统的长久保护提供了制度保障,因此,自然保护地提供的生态产品是优质、稳定且可持续的。研究探讨自然保护地生态产品价值实现的市场路径对于生态产品价值的实现具有重要意义。运用实证分析方法,对我国自然保护地生态产品价值实现的市场路径进行了梳理。我国自然保护地生态产品价值实现的既有市场路径主要为物质产品交易、门票、风景名胜资源特许经营和横向生态保护补偿。这4条市场路径以门票为主体、其他方式为补充,且存在明显的缺陷:物质产品实现的方式受限;门票的方式倚重于旅游消费市场;风景名胜资源特许经营中有偿使用费收取不规范;碳汇交易尚未得到运用。为此,应明晰自然保护地生态产品的产权,鼓励和支持自然保护地原住民参与特许经营,培育自然保护地生态产品的交易市场,以公益性为原则明确门票的定价规则,完善自然保护地特许经营中有偿使用费的收取。