在簇生稻与粳稻日本晴杂交后代F8世代中发现一个能稳定遗传的浅绿叶色突变体(pgl,pale green leaf)。与野生型相比,突变体pgl株高、剑叶宽、主穗粒数和千粒重均显著下降。从幼苗开始,突变体pgl叶片都表现为浅绿色。在苗期和抽穗期突变...在簇生稻与粳稻日本晴杂交后代F8世代中发现一个能稳定遗传的浅绿叶色突变体(pgl,pale green leaf)。与野生型相比,突变体pgl株高、剑叶宽、主穗粒数和千粒重均显著下降。从幼苗开始,突变体pgl叶片都表现为浅绿色。在苗期和抽穗期突变体叶片的叶绿素含量都极显著低于野生型,其中叶绿素b的含量极低,仅为0.002~0.003 mg/g,突变体pgl表现为叶绿素b的缺失。在分蘖期与齐穗期,突变体pgl的净光合作用速率与野生型相当。叶绿体超微结构观察表明突变体pgl的叶绿体基质片层和堆叠层数较少。遗传分析发现浅绿叶色表型由一对隐性细胞核基因控制。采用BSA法,通过全基因组SNP芯片分析,浅绿叶色基因pgl被定位于水稻第10染色体上的22806614~23000408区间,与R1022900951CA标记紧密连锁。突变体pgl与另外3个浅绿叶色突变体(W1、Y406和Y45)的等位性检测结果表明浅绿叶色基因pgl与突变体W1的浅绿叶色基因为等位基因。对pgl的候选基因LOC_Os10g41780(叶绿素a加氧酶,chlorophyll a oxygenase)的序列比对发现,在突变体pgl中,LOC_Os10g41780在第2507和3136位碱基处分别发生1个T的缺失和T变成C的替换。分析发现,第3136位碱基位于第9外显子内,其碱基T变C的替换导致其编码的精氨酸变成色氨酸。本研究鉴定的突变体pgl和W1为LOC_Os10g41780的新变异,为阐明浅绿叶色形成的分子机理和光合作用机理的研究提供了特异资源。展开更多
以长石、石英、方解石和滑石为主要原料，采用三角配料法，确定了月白釉的基础釉组成．在此基础上，进一步研究了氧化铁和粘土含量对月白釉呈色的影响，并成功仿制出与古瓷釉色接近的月白釉．借助 X 射线衍射仪（XRD ）、扫描电子显微镜...以长石、石英、方解石和滑石为主要原料，采用三角配料法，确定了月白釉的基础釉组成．在此基础上，进一步研究了氧化铁和粘土含量对月白釉呈色的影响，并成功仿制出与古瓷釉色接近的月白釉．借助 X 射线衍射仪（XRD ）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM ）和 X 射线能谱仪（EDS ）等对仿月白釉和古瓷釉的物相及微观结构进行了对比分析．结果表明：在Si／Ca的摩尔比为5．35～10．17的区域，可以得到乳浊度较高的青釉．随着釉中氧化铁含量的增加，釉色从青黄向青绿色调发展；而随着粘土含量的增加，釉色由绿色向黄色发展．仿月白釉和古瓷釉的微观结构相似，但仿月白釉中晶相含量低，气泡更加细小、均匀，更有利于月白釉的呈色．展开更多
Bulked-segregant analysis coupled with next-generation sequencing(BSA-seq) has emerged as an efficient tool for genetic mapping of single genes or major quantitative trait loci controlling(agronomic) traits of interes...Bulked-segregant analysis coupled with next-generation sequencing(BSA-seq) has emerged as an efficient tool for genetic mapping of single genes or major quantitative trait loci controlling(agronomic) traits of interest. However, such a mapping-by-sequencing approach usually relies on deep sequencing and advanced statistical methods. Application of BSA-Seq based on construction of reduced-representation libraries and allele frequency analysis permitted anchoring the barley pale-green(pg) gene on chromosome 3 HL. With further marker-assisted validation, pg was mapped to a 3.9 Mb physical-map interval. In the pg mutant a complete deletion of chlorophyllide a oxygenase(HvCAO) gene was identified.Because the product of this gene converts Chl a to Chl b, the pg mutant is deficient in Chl b.An independent Chl b-less mutant line M4437_2 carried a nonsynonymous substitution(F263 L) in the C domain of HvCAO. The study demonstrates an optimized pooling strategy for fast mapping of agronomically important genes using a segregating population.展开更多
P/TGMS (photo-thermo sensitive genie male sterility) lines with pale-green leaf color have been developed in japonica rice. The marker trait is used as an assistant selection in the production of the two-lines system ...P/TGMS (photo-thermo sensitive genie male sterility) lines with pale-green leaf color have been developed in japonica rice. The marker trait is used as an assistant selection in the production of the two-lines system hybrid rice for the improvement of F, seed purity. A joint inheritance study of both leaf color and male sterility is presented for P/TGMS line with pale-green leaf color. The segregation ratios for leaf color in the F2 populations of the three crosses showed 13 : 3 and 15 : 1 at early and late sowing stages (April 26 and June 23) respectively, implying that the leaf color is controlled by two genes with fertility gene as dominant. Sterility level is higher in the early sowing stage than that in the late sowing. The inducement of male sterility is closely related to longer day-length and higher temperature at the developmental stages of young panicle. The genes to govern the leaf color and male fertility are inherited independently.展开更多
A thermo-insensitive pale green leaf mutant （pgl2） was isolated from T-DNA inserted transgenic lines of rice （Oryza sativa L. subsp, japonica cv. Nipponbare）. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype was caus...A thermo-insensitive pale green leaf mutant （pgl2） was isolated from T-DNA inserted transgenic lines of rice （Oryza sativa L. subsp, japonica cv. Nipponbare）. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype was caused by a recessive mutation in a single nuclear-encoded gene. To map the PGL2gene, an F2 population was constructed by crossing the mutant with Longtefu （Oryza sativa L. subsp, indica）. The PGL2 locus was roughly linked to SSR marker RM331 on chromosome 8. To finely map the gene, 14 new InDel markers were developed around the marker, and PGL2 was further mapped to a 2.37 Mb centromeric region. Analysis on chlorophyll contents of leaves showed that there was no obvious difference between the mutant and the wild type in total chlorophyll （Chl） content, while the ratio of Chl a / Chl b in the mutant was only about 1, which was distinctly lower than that in the wild type, suggesting that the PGL2 gene was related to the conversion between Chl a and Chl b. Moreover, the method of primer design around the centromeric region was discussed, which would provide insight into fine mapping of the functional genes in plant centromeres.展开更多
Rice leaf color mutants play a great role in research about the formation and development of chloroplasts and the genetic mechanism of the chlorophyll （Chl） metabolism pathway, pgl3 is a rice leaf color mutant deriv...Rice leaf color mutants play a great role in research about the formation and development of chloroplasts and the genetic mechanism of the chlorophyll （Chl） metabolism pathway, pgl3 is a rice leaf color mutant derived from Xiushuil 1 （Oryza sativa L. spp. japonica）, treated with ethyl methane sulfonate （EMS）. The mutant exhibited a pale- green leaf （pg/） phenotype throughout the whole development as well as reduced grain quality. Map-based cloning of PGL3 revealed that it encodes the chloroplast signal recognition particle 43 kDa protein （cpSRP43）. PGL3 affected the Chl synthesis by regulating the expression levels of the Chl synthesis-associated genes. Considerable reactive oxygen species were accumulated in the leaves of pgl3, and the transcription levels of its scavenging genes were down- regulated, indicating that pgl3 can accelerate senescence. In addition, high temperatures could inhibit the plant＇s growth and facilitate the process of senescence in pgl3.展开更多
文摘在簇生稻与粳稻日本晴杂交后代F8世代中发现一个能稳定遗传的浅绿叶色突变体(pgl,pale green leaf)。与野生型相比,突变体pgl株高、剑叶宽、主穗粒数和千粒重均显著下降。从幼苗开始,突变体pgl叶片都表现为浅绿色。在苗期和抽穗期突变体叶片的叶绿素含量都极显著低于野生型,其中叶绿素b的含量极低,仅为0.002~0.003 mg/g,突变体pgl表现为叶绿素b的缺失。在分蘖期与齐穗期,突变体pgl的净光合作用速率与野生型相当。叶绿体超微结构观察表明突变体pgl的叶绿体基质片层和堆叠层数较少。遗传分析发现浅绿叶色表型由一对隐性细胞核基因控制。采用BSA法,通过全基因组SNP芯片分析,浅绿叶色基因pgl被定位于水稻第10染色体上的22806614~23000408区间,与R1022900951CA标记紧密连锁。突变体pgl与另外3个浅绿叶色突变体(W1、Y406和Y45)的等位性检测结果表明浅绿叶色基因pgl与突变体W1的浅绿叶色基因为等位基因。对pgl的候选基因LOC_Os10g41780(叶绿素a加氧酶,chlorophyll a oxygenase)的序列比对发现,在突变体pgl中,LOC_Os10g41780在第2507和3136位碱基处分别发生1个T的缺失和T变成C的替换。分析发现,第3136位碱基位于第9外显子内,其碱基T变C的替换导致其编码的精氨酸变成色氨酸。本研究鉴定的突变体pgl和W1为LOC_Os10g41780的新变异,为阐明浅绿叶色形成的分子机理和光合作用机理的研究提供了特异资源。
文摘以长石、石英、方解石和滑石为主要原料，采用三角配料法，确定了月白釉的基础釉组成．在此基础上，进一步研究了氧化铁和粘土含量对月白釉呈色的影响，并成功仿制出与古瓷釉色接近的月白釉．借助 X 射线衍射仪（XRD ）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM ）和 X 射线能谱仪（EDS ）等对仿月白釉和古瓷釉的物相及微观结构进行了对比分析．结果表明：在Si／Ca的摩尔比为5．35～10．17的区域，可以得到乳浊度较高的青釉．随着釉中氧化铁含量的增加，釉色从青黄向青绿色调发展；而随着粘土含量的增加，釉色由绿色向黄色发展．仿月白釉和古瓷釉的微观结构相似，但仿月白釉中晶相含量低，气泡更加细小、均匀，更有利于月白釉的呈色．
基金supported by the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology (2015QNRC001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31370032)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-05)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program
文摘Bulked-segregant analysis coupled with next-generation sequencing(BSA-seq) has emerged as an efficient tool for genetic mapping of single genes or major quantitative trait loci controlling(agronomic) traits of interest. However, such a mapping-by-sequencing approach usually relies on deep sequencing and advanced statistical methods. Application of BSA-Seq based on construction of reduced-representation libraries and allele frequency analysis permitted anchoring the barley pale-green(pg) gene on chromosome 3 HL. With further marker-assisted validation, pg was mapped to a 3.9 Mb physical-map interval. In the pg mutant a complete deletion of chlorophyllide a oxygenase(HvCAO) gene was identified.Because the product of this gene converts Chl a to Chl b, the pg mutant is deficient in Chl b.An independent Chl b-less mutant line M4437_2 carried a nonsynonymous substitution(F263 L) in the C domain of HvCAO. The study demonstrates an optimized pooling strategy for fast mapping of agronomically important genes using a segregating population.
基金This research was supported by a grant from China Nationl“863"High Tchnology Proramn,a key grant(2003C22007)“8812”Program from Zhejiang Province,China.
文摘P/TGMS (photo-thermo sensitive genie male sterility) lines with pale-green leaf color have been developed in japonica rice. The marker trait is used as an assistant selection in the production of the two-lines system hybrid rice for the improvement of F, seed purity. A joint inheritance study of both leaf color and male sterility is presented for P/TGMS line with pale-green leaf color. The segregation ratios for leaf color in the F2 populations of the three crosses showed 13 : 3 and 15 : 1 at early and late sowing stages (April 26 and June 23) respectively, implying that the leaf color is controlled by two genes with fertility gene as dominant. Sterility level is higher in the early sowing stage than that in the late sowing. The inducement of male sterility is closely related to longer day-length and higher temperature at the developmental stages of young panicle. The genes to govern the leaf color and male fertility are inherited independently.
文摘【目的】叶片是水稻进行光合作用的主要场所,叶片颜色的变化与水稻的生长发育直接相关。发掘水稻叶色突变体,是水稻功能基因组学研究的重要遗传基础。【方法】利用EMS诱变日本晴获得一个能稳定遗传的淡绿叶突变体,暂命名为pgl11(pale green leaf 11)。在不同生育期测定野生型与突变体的叶绿素含量。在苗期,取野生型与突变体叶片进行叶绿体结构的透射电镜观察。在分蘖期,测定野生型与突变体的光合参数并观察气孔结构。在成熟期,测定野生型和pgl11的主要农艺性状。以pgl11为母本,南京6号为父本构建相应的F2群体,采用图位克隆的方法,对该基因进行定位。【结果】从苗期开始,突变体pgl11的每一片新叶均表现为淡绿色,叶绿素含量显著降低,叶绿体发育异常。随着叶片的生长,叶色由淡绿逐渐转绿,至抽穗期时叶绿素含量亦无明显差异。pgl11还表现光合速率、气孔导度明显下降,胞间CO_2浓度上升。扫描电镜观察发现,突变体pgl11的气孔发育异常。与野生型相比,突变体的农艺性状如株高、剑叶宽、二次枝梗数、每穗粒数、粒长、粒宽、千粒重以及结实率等均显著降低。对叶绿素合成、光合作用以及质体发育相关基因的表达量测定表明,突变体pgl11中参与叶绿体转录和翻译相关基因的表达量显著升高,而叶绿素合成和光合作用相关基因的表达量显著下降。遗传分析表明,该突变表型受一对隐性核基因控制。通过图位克隆的方法将该基因定位于第1染色体上的C6和C8标记之间,物理距离约为110 kb。【结论】该定位区间内未见有叶色相关基因报道,推测PGL11基因可能是一个新的水稻叶色基因。
文摘A thermo-insensitive pale green leaf mutant （pgl2） was isolated from T-DNA inserted transgenic lines of rice （Oryza sativa L. subsp, japonica cv. Nipponbare）. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype was caused by a recessive mutation in a single nuclear-encoded gene. To map the PGL2gene, an F2 population was constructed by crossing the mutant with Longtefu （Oryza sativa L. subsp, indica）. The PGL2 locus was roughly linked to SSR marker RM331 on chromosome 8. To finely map the gene, 14 new InDel markers were developed around the marker, and PGL2 was further mapped to a 2.37 Mb centromeric region. Analysis on chlorophyll contents of leaves showed that there was no obvious difference between the mutant and the wild type in total chlorophyll （Chl） content, while the ratio of Chl a / Chl b in the mutant was only about 1, which was distinctly lower than that in the wild type, suggesting that the PGL2 gene was related to the conversion between Chl a and Chl b. Moreover, the method of primer design around the centromeric region was discussed, which would provide insight into fine mapping of the functional genes in plant centromeres.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31521064)the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.CAAS-ASTIP-201X-CNRRI)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.LQ15C130001 and LY16C060003)
文摘Rice leaf color mutants play a great role in research about the formation and development of chloroplasts and the genetic mechanism of the chlorophyll （Chl） metabolism pathway, pgl3 is a rice leaf color mutant derived from Xiushuil 1 （Oryza sativa L. spp. japonica）, treated with ethyl methane sulfonate （EMS）. The mutant exhibited a pale- green leaf （pg/） phenotype throughout the whole development as well as reduced grain quality. Map-based cloning of PGL3 revealed that it encodes the chloroplast signal recognition particle 43 kDa protein （cpSRP43）. PGL3 affected the Chl synthesis by regulating the expression levels of the Chl synthesis-associated genes. Considerable reactive oxygen species were accumulated in the leaves of pgl3, and the transcription levels of its scavenging genes were down- regulated, indicating that pgl3 can accelerate senescence. In addition, high temperatures could inhibit the plant＇s growth and facilitate the process of senescence in pgl3.
