Middle-Late Pleistocene Paleo-Climate and Paleo-Altimetry of the Centre of Tibetan Plateau Indicated by the Sporopollen Record of Well QZ-4

The core sample from well QZ-4 is an important climate archive for the central Tibetan Plateau in the middle-late Pleistocene. In this work, a detailed pollen analysis of it is carried out to provide a preliminary insight into the paleo-climate and paleo-altimetry change in the central Tibetan Plateau. It can be concluded that the pollen assemblage can be obviously divided into two pollen zones, Pollen zone I (251.1 - 314 m in depth, 120.0 - 345.8 ka BP.) and Pollen zone II (200 - 251.1 m in depth, 105.4 - 120 ka BP.). The paleo-climate during pollen zone I deposition period was comparatively colder and wetter than it during the pollen zone II deposition period. After Gonghe Movement, the center of Tibetan Plateau was uplifted about 300 m (from 3500 - 3700 m to 3800 - 4000 m in elevation). The wind was changed from horizontal or downward direction to upward direction, in the study area. In the central of Tibetan Plateau, the climate change seems to be mainly driven by global climate change, and that tectonic uplift may have been a subordinate influence at the middle-late Pleistocene.

Brief News of International Workshop on Climate Variabilities (IWCV) Held on July 13-17,1992 in Beijing

Climatic anomalies have drawn more and more attentions not only in the worldwide scientific circle, but also in the respect of many governments in the last decade. The floods and drought occurred in China and many other countries cause severe damages and lead to the crises of grain production, water resources and energy. The sustained aridity in Africa and other Continents and the land desertization make millions of people face imperilling of starvation. All these greatly affect the long-term development of nations, societies and economics

宝鸡地区L_(1)-S_(5)黄土和古土壤水分入渗及影响因素

[目的]探究宝鸡中晚更新统L_(1)—S_(5)层黄土和古土壤层水分稳定入渗率变化特征及其与土壤容重、土壤初始含水量和土壤毛管孔隙度等土壤属性的关系,为揭示宝鸡中晚更新统L_(1)—S_(5)层黄土和古土壤的入渗规律提供参考依据。[方法]运用双环法进行入渗试验,探讨了宝鸡中晚更新统L_(1)—S_(5)层黄土和古土壤水分入渗的变化特征及其影响因素。[结果](1)宝鸡中晚更新统L_(1)—S_(5)黄土层的平均稳定入渗率(2.38 mm/min)大于古土壤层的平均稳定入渗率(1.55 mm/min),其差异的原因可能与形成时的气候与风化成壤作用的强弱有关。(2)L_(1)—S_(5)层黄土和古土壤层水分入渗试验过程可以用考斯加可夫和通用经验公式进行很好地拟合。(3)土壤容重、土壤初始含水量和土壤毛管孔隙度等土壤属性是影响L_(1)—S_(5)层黄土和古土壤层水分稳定入渗率变化的重要因素。(4)利用土壤容重、土壤毛管孔隙度和毛管最大持水量等土壤参数可以很好地模拟宝鸡中晚更新统L_(1)—S_(5)层黄土和古土壤层的土壤稳定入渗率(R 2=0.88,NSE=0.88)。[结论]宝鸡中晚更新统L_(1)—S_(5)层黄土和古土壤层水分稳定入渗率的变化主要由土壤容重、土壤初始含水量和土壤毛管孔隙度等土壤属性的变化所致,利用上述土壤参数可以较好地模拟该区中晚更新统L_(1)—S_(5)黄土和古土壤层土壤稳定入渗率的变化。

Recognition of Ancient Oceanic Island in Paleo-Tethys,Western Yunnan

A volcano-platform carbonate sequence ,from Carboniferous to Permian , is widely trapped in the deep water deposits in Changning- Menglian belt .Three components can be roughly recognized in ascending order as :the lava .the volcaniclastic and carbonate rocks .In most cases, the sequence is incomplete due to faulting resulted from the strong orogenic compression. But (he stratigraphic succession is continuous except for the two interruptions of paleokarsts . which extended from middle Late Carboniferous to Late Permian and from late Early Permian to Late Permian respectively .A preliminary study indicates that the stratigraphy, petrology , sedimentation , vokanism geochemistry and fossils in the sequence are quite similar to mat in modern and ancient oceanic islands and there may be the relics of ancient oceanic islands in the paleo-Tethys .The differences among these sequences probably suggest a complex configuration of the islands or island chain These islands were formed under infra oceanic environments of the paleo-Tethys ,far from continent and accreted to Simao continental margin in Late Permian .The occurrence of large number of ancient oceanic islands in orogenic belts , including the paleo Tethys, Cordillera , etc ..suggests mat some ancient oceans .such as the paleo Tethys and proto-Pacific ,were full of archipelagoes as their modem counterparts . It is possible that more oceanic islands will be recongnized when sufficient research is done in orogenic belts over the world .

Late Pleistocene environmental information on the Diexi paleo-dammed lake of the upper Minjiang River in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China

In 1999, Diexi paleo-dammed lake(2349 m a.s.l.) was discovered around Diexi town along the Minjiang River in Sichuan province. Diexi is located where the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau and the Sichuan Basin meet. The dammed lake was formed during the Last Glacial Maximum of the Late Pleistocene(~30,000 years ago) and began to empty about 15,000 years ago. The lacustrine sediments(up to 240 m thick) preserve abundant paleoenvironment information. In this paper, a mass of oxygen isotopes and 14 C dating from drilled cores are analyzed and discussed. The δ18 O curve on the paleo climate from this section is comparable with the coeval paleo climatic curves of ice cores and karsts in China and others. Furthermore, the physical model testing has confirmed that the disturbed zones in the core are caused by strong earthquakes occurred at least 10 times, which implies strong crustal deformation, as an important driving force, affecting climate change. This study provides a new window to observe East Asian monsoon formation, paleoenvironmental evolution and the global climate change.

Paleo-sedimentary environmental restoration and its significance of Chang 7 Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin,NW China

Paleo-sedimentary environment of Chang 7 Member of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, including the paleoclimate, paleo-salinity and paleo-redox conditions were restored through geochemical elements analysis of 289 samples collected from the outcrop sections around and wells drilled in the basin and using a series of identification indexes of paleo-climate, paleo-salinity and paleo-redox conditions, such as CaO/MgO?Al2 O3, Sr/Cu, Rb/Sr, Rb/K2 O, Th/U, V/(V+Ni), the content of element B tested from the mudstone. Comprehensive analysis shows that in sedimentary period of the Chang 7, the paleo-climate was warm temperate to subtropical climate with temperature higher than 15 ?C, the water body was continental brackish water to freshwater, and the sediments were deposited under strong reduction conditions. Suitable temperature, extensively deep lake basin and strongly reductive paleo-sedimentary environment led to the blooming, enrichment and preservation of organic matter in the submember Chang 73. As a result, a set of high-quality source rock was formed, laying material foundation for large-scale accumulation of shale oil.

Heinrich events recorded in a loess-paleosol sequence from Hexigten,Inner Mongolia

We describe the last glaciation climatic history Marine Isotope Stage(MIS, 2-4) from 66.7 ka to 14.5 ka in Hexigten, northeast Inner Mongolia, North China. The climate of the region experienced frequent and significant fluctuations between dry-cold and less dry-cold during the late MIS4. The climate was generally warm and humid during early MIS3(MIS3 c) and late MIS3(MIS3 a), whereas it was cold and dry in middle MIS3(MIS3 b) and during MIS2. In this study, the cold and dry conditions were correlated with a stronger East Asian winter monsoon and strong dune activity; whereas, warm and humid conditions were related to a stronger East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) and weak dune activity. This study establishes six distinct dry and cold intervals during the last glacial period(66.7-14.5 ka) based on optically stimulated luminescence data, multi-proxies record(magnetic susceptibility, grain size analysis, Rb/Sr, SiO2/TiO2) and chemical index of alteration(CIA). The last glacial period may be correlated with Heinrich events 1 to 6 which were further confirmed by comparison with the Hulu cave stalagmites and Greenland ice core records. It is concluded that the study area was substantially affected by the EASM, as compared with the loess-desert transition zone of the Chinese Loess Plateau, especially in MIS3 c and suggested that the East Asian monsoon played a pivotal role in the last glacial period climate and dune activity.

中国大陆科学钻探的过去、现在和未来--纪念中国大陆科学钻探实施15周年、国际大陆科学钻探委员会成立20周年

大陆科学钻探是“入地”的重要手段，是“深入地球内部的望远镜”。中国大陆科学钻探事业开展15周年以来，取得重要进展，获得全球地学界的高度关注，特别是2001年实施的中国第一口大陆科学深钻（5158m），成果辉煌，影响巨大。继后，又开展了青海湖环境科学钻探、松辽盆地白垩纪科学钻探、柴达木盐湖环境资源科学钻探，汶川地震断裂带科学钻探以及中国大陆科钻资源集成计划，总共钻进约35km，显示了中国科学钻探方兴未艾的景象。为纪念国际大陆科学钻探20周年（1996~2016）和中国大陆科学钻探实施15周年（2001~2016），本文回顾中国大陆科学钻探实施15年来的艰辛和奋斗的历程，展望中国大陆科学钻探的未来。

大兴安岭南部二叠纪-三叠纪之交孢粉化石及古气候环境分析

大兴安岭南部巴林右旗幸福之路苏木查干布拉格村老龙头组(原幸福之路组模式)剖面首次发现孢粉化石18属21种,以Cyclogranisporites sp.,Alisporites parvus De Jersey,Alisporites circulicorpus Clarke,Sulcatisporites rhombicus Qu,Lueckisporites virkkiae R.Potonie et Klaus,Piceites sp.为主。通过典型属种对比,结合已发现的动植物化石、孢粉组合及同位素测年结果分析,确定幸福之路地区老龙头组的时代为晚二叠世-早三叠世,即二叠系-三叠系界限存在于这套陆相连续沉积内部。孢粉化石的亲缘母体以发育种子蕨纲和松柏纲的针叶植物为主,指示当时研究区处于暖温带的干旱-半干旱的古气候环境。

南海南部末次冰期以来的古环境变化:YSJD-86GC柱样的证据

采自南海南部的YSJD-86GC柱样(113°02.5860′E,10°18.1740′N,水深2 651m,柱长1.68m)提供了该区近27ka以来的古海洋学记录。沉积物岩性特征、浮游有孔虫分布特征、全岩样品AMS14C测年、氧稳定同位素等分析结果表明,南海南部末次冰期以来一直处于稳定的陆坡—半深海沉积环境;氧同位素Ⅱ期以来表层海水古温度逐渐增高;温跃层在氧同位素Ⅱ期相对较浅,之后逐渐变深,全新世中期以来又再次变浅。11—9.5ka BP期间有一次古气候回返事件,与"新仙女木"事件相对应;6—5ka BP期间古气候波动较大,是全新世中期气候波动剧烈阶段的记录。

应用MPM-2模式新元古代气候初步研究

新元古代(650MaB.P.)是地球演化历史上最重大的转折时期之一,这一时期地球气候的模拟研究,对于了解气候变迁、现代气候的形成、自然地理环境的演变有重要意义;在地质学上,对于地层划分和对比,地壳演化研究以及矿产资源成因和探测都有重要意义。本文在借鉴国内外已有研究的基础上,应用MPM-2——一个中等复杂程度的地球系统模式(EMIC),通过太阳常数和大气二氧化碳浓度的敏感性试验,对新元古代地球气候进行了模拟研究,结果表明在650Ma前,地球全球平均温度一直低于零度,即地球一直是"雪球",直到650Ma前,全球半均温度大于零,"雪球"消融,雪球时代才结束。

龙门山甘溪土桥子组灰岩-泥灰岩韵律层地球化学特征研究

龙门山甘溪土桥子组发育多套灰岩-泥灰岩韵律层,其地球化学特征对其形成时的古环境、古气候具有重要的指示意义。在对土桥子组最大海泛面之上沉积的一套灰岩-泥灰岩韵律层进行野外详细描述与系统采样的基础上,对其中的37对74层灰岩-泥灰岩韵律层的常量、微量元素进行分析测试与研究。通过古氧相U/Th、古盐度Sr/Ba、古水深Mn O、古气候Sr/Cu等分析,认为该灰岩-泥灰岩韵律层形成于炎热气候下的贫氧海相高水位体系域沉积环境。古气候和差异成岩作用是灰岩-泥灰岩韵律层的主要成因,其中在较大的宏观尺度上古气候的韵律和波动控制着韵律层的古环境和地球化学特征,而在较小的微观尺度上差异成岩作用进一步控制和影响着韵律层地球化学特征的分异性和韵律性。

A Long Lasting and Extensive Drought Event over China in 1876-1878

Between 1876 and 1878 a large-scale drought occurred in China. This is a major meteorological disaster and an extreme climate event despite the cold climate at the end of the Little Ice Age. In this paper the dynamic evolution of the occurrence and development of the drought is reproduced on the basis of historical literature records. These were used to calculate the yearly numbers of drought-hit counties and to determine the spatial distribution in addition with concomitant famine, locust plague and pestilence epidemic for each of the three years. The persistent drought disaster spread over 13 provinces with its center in Shaanxi, Henan and Shanxi provinces, where the continuous non-soaking rain period exceeded 340 days. Conclusively, it is more severe than the worst drought （1928-1930） in the 20th century. This drought disaster of 1876-1878 took place in the descending phase of the 11th sunspot activity period and the start of the 12th period. It also happened during a spell of frequent E1 Nino events and corresponds with an extremely strong E1 Nino.

A PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ON THE CLIMATIC RECORDS OF LACUSTRINE DEPOSITS OF QINGTU LAKE IN THE LAST 6000 YEARS

A preliminary study on the advance and the retreat of Qingtu Lake and its climatic records of the Holocene lacustrine deposits has been made through comprehensive analysis. The study shows that the modes characteristics of climatic change in Eastern Hexi Corridor was provided with the corresponding relationship of warm moist and cold dry during the scale longer than hundred years. As a result of climatic changes and human activities, Qingtu Lake cycle has undergone four lake retreated and three lake advanced stages since 6000 a B.P. Based on the study on lacustrine sedimentary color, grain size, Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ and organic matter, the authors put forward that a warm period existed during the phase of 335-480 A.D. in the studied area. This warm period could be further testified by a lot of evidences obtained from the historical documents and the natural records of Qingtu Lake. In brief, the evolution of lakes in Eastern Hexi Corridor is characterized by sedimentary continuity, fast sedimentary rate and high resolution, it not only indicate the paleoenvironmental and climatic change in Holocene, but also can reflect the intensity of Eastern Asia monsoon.

Host-environment mismatches associated with subalpine fir decline in Colorado

Subalpine fir decline （SFD） has killed more trees in Colorado＇s high elevation forests than any other insect or disease problem. The widespread nature of this disorder suggests that the cause involves climatic factors. We examined the influence of varying combinations of average annual temperature and precipitation on the incidence and distribution of SFD. Climatic transition matrices generated in this study indicate that most healthy trees are found in climatic zones with moderate to low temperatures and high precipitation; whereas, SFD occurs mostly in zones of moderate temperatures and moderate precipitation. The contrasting distributions define an environmental mismatch. Forests matched with favorable climatic conditions thrive; those that are mismatched can become vulnerable to decline disease.

东北平原杜蒙钻孔的磁性地层学和磁化率对松嫩古湖演化的指示

湖相沉积是过去气候环境变化研究的重要地质记录.东北平原在早-中更新世时期曾发育一个巨型湖泊(松嫩古湖),对这一古湖的演化历史和机制仍需多钻孔的进一步研究.本研究针对东北平原杜蒙(HL)钻孔沉积物开展了26Al/10Be同位素年代学、古地磁年代学、磁化率地层学和岩石磁学研究,结果表明:(1)令字组和林甸组湖相沉积的界线为约900 ka;(2)林甸组的磁化率明显高于令字组,令字组的高矫顽力弱磁性矿物贡献相对较大;(3)林甸组磁化率的升高可能与湖平面降低、水动力增强、入湖的强磁性矿物增多或者氧化还原条件改变,从而生成了强磁性铁的硫化物有关;(4)约900 ka前后,松嫩古湖萎缩,可能与中更新世气候转型期间大西洋深层翻转流(Atlantic meridional overturning circulation,简称AMOC)减弱致使热带辐合带(Intertropical Convergence Zone,简称ITCZ)南移,以及海平面下降造成更多陆地暴露地表,水汽输送距离增加,进而共同导致东亚夏季风降水减少有关.

东北亚陆缘晚白垩世岩浆作用对古太平洋俯冲作用变化的制约及其气候效应

晚白垩世是古太平洋俯冲板块运动变化的关键时期。本文总结了东北亚陆缘晚白垩世火成岩的时空分布特征,结合火成岩地球化学数据,探讨该时期岩浆作用与古太平洋俯冲及气候变化之间的潜在联系。东北亚陆缘晚白垩世火成岩分布范围由陆内至陆缘明显收缩,指示古太平洋板块俯冲-后撤过程。火成岩展布方向发生小角度偏转,可能是俯冲板块在深部地幔流影响下发生变形以及不同位置后撤速率差异所致。该时期东北亚陆缘经历了地壳减薄和岩浆初始温度上升,暗示板块后撤诱发陆缘向地幔流,引起地壳减薄并形成具有较高初始温度的岩浆。晚白垩世东北亚陆缘地区经历了由升温到降温的过程,与岩浆作用变化相对应,暗示岩浆活动与区域古气候变化具有潜在协同性。

Radiation and Water in the Climate System:Remote Measurements——Edited by Ehrhard Raschke,Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,Germany,1996 614pp.,ISBN 3-540-61470-2

This book is the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Science Institute“RemoteSensing of Processes Governing Energy and Water Cycles in the Climate System”,held inPln,Germany 1—12 May 1995.In this book,a total of 21 conference papers are includedwith a special part for poster summaries.All the papers are modified or shorten versions