Palm Oil Production in Malaysia: An Analytical Systems Model for Balancing Economic Prosperity, Forest Conservation and Social Welfare

Since the late 1950’s, the Malaysian human population has nearly quadrupled, increasing pressure on natural resource exploitation to meet domestic needs and to earn foreign exchange from exports. Global demand for Malaysian palm oil in particular had steeply increased since the mid-1970s and by 2013, the commodity was the leading foreign exchange earner. To fulfill and sustain this demand, the country’s economy has steadily shifted bias towards production and associated value addition of palm oil products for export. However, as a consequence, many of Malaysia’s natural tropical forests have been converted to palm oil farming resulting in loss of approximately 10,000 km2 of forest cover over the past twenty-five years, and biodiversity has been displaced or lost. To provide a deeper insight into the interplay amongst key interrelated environmental and socio-economic variables, and a forecast of possible future balance, we used a systems dynamism modeling tool, STELLAR (structural thinking, experiential learning laboratory with animation), to simulate and project how Malaysia could achieve a medium-term sustainable balance or optimization between palm oil production and forest conservation without compromising on human social welfare. The model consisted of four main modules (environmental, economic, social development and human welfare) each with component parameters, and interconnected by input and output loops. Model calibrations, testing and preruns involved existing official 30-year time-series datasets. Subsequently, four scenarios: Environmental conservation;Economic growth under increased global palm oil demand;Economy decline under decreased palm oil demand;and Control condition with little or no change, were selected for simulated projections of future possibilities. Simulation results showed that scenarios and variable interactions that reduce environmental damage would offer the best chance for optimizing the palm oil economy while also minimizing forest loss and promoting citizen social welfare.

Design and modeling for a kind of humanoid dexterous hand with elastic palm

With dexterous hands, robots can improve the work scope and work ability significantly. As palms of the existing multi-hand robots are made of steel plates that have small contact area, the robots cannot grab firmly. In this study, a new five-fingered dexterous robot hand is developed. Having flexible palm with 17 degree of freedoms （ DOFs）, the hand can grasp more stably and firm- ly. First, the forward kinematics and inverse kinematics of the fingers and the hand are calculated. Then, the connection between the force exerting on the end effectors and the torque exerting on the joint is set up, laying the foundation for the following control. Finally, through the analysis and sim- ulation of the position, velocity and acceleration, the trajectory planning has a better performance.

A Mixed Model Analysis of a Fertilizer Experiment on Oil Palm in Nigeria

Mixed model analysis procedure was used to analyze the effect of fertilizer application on the Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) yield of oil palm. This was with a view to achieve the most appropriate and a robust model for analyzing yield response for fertilizer application in oil palm. In this study, a mixed model analysis procedure was used to analyze yield data obtained from a fertilizer trial conducted between 1997 and 2005. In mixed effect model, replicates and years were used as block. In contrast the fixed effect ANOVA model usually lumped up replicates and years as a random error. In the model replicates were used as block with no block interaction, replicates as block with allowance for block-fertilizer interaction, years as block with allowance for block-fertilizer interaction, and years and replicates as block with allowance for year fertilizer and replicate-fertilizer interaction. Mixed model theory was also used to provide the explicit description of the design matrices in the models. Also, hypotheses relevant to each model were formulated and used to test for specific effects in the models such as, fixed part, random part and interacting parts using appropriate error terms as determined by the derived Expected Mean Squares (EMS). The results revealed that at 5% significant level (p

Model Design and Development of a Telescopic Palm Fruit Harvester

This research paper presents a comprehensive conceptual design approach for the development of a telescopic machine system, which is portable and will provide a safe method of harvesting palm fruits. For this machine system development, the material for each component of the machine system was first selected, the boom length, maximum boom angle, force and stroke length of each hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic pump pressure, base weight, permissible weight of the cutting system and power required were then calculated in the design analysis. Furthermore, from the calculated parameters, the model of the system was created using SolidWorks engineering software, the model was developed and tested. The result shows that the cutting time of the system for one bunch of palm fruit was longer when compared to conventional systems. It was concluded that though the machine is maintenance friendly and portable, further improvements in its design are necessary so as to develop a system that will give desirable economic output at a shorter time.

基于Palm OS移动设备的计算机取证与分析

随着PDA等商务移动设备应用的普及,针对这些设备的犯罪取证和分析的需求也将逐渐增大。首先介绍和比较了当前主流的PDA/智能手机的操作系统及其安全隐患,然后主要针对Palm OS PDA的系统结构和取证分析工具进行了介绍,最后介绍如何使用pdd.PDA Seizure等工具对Palm OS PDA进行基本的取证及分析,如完整性分析、字符串匹配分析、密码破解、证据数据搜索等。

Nutrient Budget for Optimal Oil Palm (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i>Jacq) Yield on Coastal Plain Sands Soils of Akwa Ibom State Nigeria

The objective of the study was to establish approximate relationships between yield and soil nutrients in oil palm production. The study was conducted in Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) substation Ibesit ekoi in Oruk Anam Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State Nigeria. Soil, rainfall and yield data were collected from oil palm plantation established 49, 29, 9 and 0 (control) years ago in an area underlain by coastal plain sands. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to study variations, effect of land use on soil properties at different depths and contributions of various soil nutrients at different depths to the yield (fresh fruit bunch ‘FFB’ and palm oil) of oil palm. Results of coefficient of variability revealed that approx. 45.5% of the variables were highly variable including available phosphorus, extractable zinc, FFB and palm oil, while others were either least or moderately variable. Oil palm trees influenced soil development with its effect on silt content at 30 - 60 cm depth. Uptake of phosphorus in oil palm land use system decreases with depth. This was further confirmed by the relative contribution of available phosphorus to FFB yield that decreased from the surface of the soil downwards. Extractable zinc contents of oil palm land use were not significantly different from each other (ranging between 9.65 and 7.84 mg·kg–1) but significantly different from the control (23.99 mg·kg–1). In the modeling process, it was observed that the absolute contribution of texture was minimal while exchangeable sodium was highest (i.e. 66.5 percent) in the quantity of oil palm production. Also extractable copper and zinc were found to have made large contributions to FFB and oil palm. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is a high-yielding source of edible and technical oils but requires proper knowledge and precise administration of nutrient demands for management of a major production constraint which is soil fertility.

Modelling Visible Foliar Injury Effects on Canopy Photosynthesis and Potential Crop Yield Losses Resulting from Fluoride Exposure

Crop production models are highly developed to account for different nitrogen, light, temperature and water availability conditions and, in some species, disease or air pollutant effects. There is very limited knowledge on responses of many tropical crops, such as oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), to air pollutants although predictions of these effects are essential for industrial planning in several countries. In the absence of limitations due to water supply, the effects of leaf area loss due to necrosis and chlorosis are much more important to canopy photosynthesis than are changes in the physiological attributes that influence the efficiency of light use. Therefore, potential losses of crop production due to air pollutants such as fluoride can be inferred usefully from the extent of visible injury to foliage that may be associated with different levels of pollutant exposure.

棕榈纤维加筋黏土的强度试验与本构模型

棕榈树在我国南方广泛种植,剥皮所得棕榈纤维具有一定的抗拉强度和较好的耐久性,近年来利用棕榈纤维加筋黏土在岩土工程中逐渐得到应用。为了研究棕榈纤维加筋黏土单轴应力状态下的力学性能、破坏形式及本构关系,选取长度分别为6、12、18 mm的棕榈纤维,按照纤维含量分别为0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%掺入黏土中,开展棕榈纤维加筋黏土的无侧限抗压强度试验。结果表明:黏土中掺加棕榈纤维后强度增加明显,在12 mm的筋材长度和0.8%的纤维含量组合下加筋效果最优,与素土相比,加筋后强度提高27%;加筋后的黏土破坏韧性好,残余强度高,并且破坏的过程比较缓慢,其原因为纤维在土体中形成了三维土网结构,限制了土颗粒的滑移,增强土体整体性,从而使得土体具有较好的延性;引入混凝土单轴受压应力-应变模型,分析棕榈纤维加筋黏土的无侧限抗压强度试验,将试验数据与模型曲线进行拟合,发现模型结果与试验结果具有良好的一致性。研究成果对棕榈纤维加筋土在岩土工程中的应用具有重要借鉴作用。

基于M-C准则的任意角度隧道掌子面稳定性分析

为探究任意盾构角度影响下隧道掌子面的稳定情况,以向上倾斜盾构隧道为例,基于线性Mohr-Coulomb强度准则,运用空间离散技术及“点生点”技术,考虑倾斜角度对隧道掌子面稳定性的影响,通过改进现有的隧道掌子面三维主被动破坏模型,实现了倾斜隧道掌子面的主被动破坏极限支护压力的求解,并建立了线性Mohr-Coulomb准则下倾斜隧道掌子面三维主被动破坏模型,生成了与之对应的主被动破坏模型的能耗方程。通过本文模型计算结果与现有模型和数值模拟的计算结果进行对比分析,验证了本文所建立的倾斜隧道掌子面三维主被动破坏模型的合理性。结果表明,任意盾构纵向倾角是影响掌子面稳定性的重要因素,不可忽略;本文所建立的任意角度掌子面三维旋转主被动破坏模型相比现有模型更接近真实解,在掌子面稳定性分析时能够得到更优的分析结果,为类似隧道盾构施工的安全性提供了有效的理论指导与参考。

盾构偏仰角影响下隧道掌子面稳定性分析

为探究任意偏仰角影响下纵向倾斜隧道掌子面的稳定情况,以Hoek-Brown强度准则为例,考虑隧道纵向倾角的影响。利用空间离散和点生点技术,改进现有的隧道掌子面三维主被动破坏模型,求解了倾斜隧道掌子面的主被动破坏极限支护压力,并建立了非线性Hoek-Brown准则下倾斜隧道掌子面三维主被动破坏模型。通过本文模型计算结果与数值模拟结果对比分析,以验证本文所建立的非线性Hoek-Brown准则下倾斜隧道掌子面三维主被动破坏模型的合理性。结果表明:本文所建立的非线性Hoek-Brown准则下倾斜隧道掌子面三维主被动破坏模型与数值模拟结果之间最大误差小于5%,拟合效果良好,适用于倾斜隧道的掌子面稳定性分析问题;任意偏仰角引起隧道与水平面之间的倾角是影响掌子面稳定性的重要因素,在实际施工中应予以格外关注,可为类似隧道盾构施工的安全性提供有效的理论指导与参考。

面向掌纹掌静脉识别网络轻量化的非对称双模态融合方法

深度学习已在掌纹掌静脉领域广泛应用,但随着任务使用场景的不断微型化、终端化,现有的深度学习模型往往难以在算力匮乏、内存有限的边缘设备上顺利部署。本文基于知识蒸馏方法提出了轻量化的掌纹掌静脉识别网络。根据模态特征提取复杂程度,为掌纹与掌静脉模态分别选用不同的网络深度。在常规知识蒸馏方法中引入新设计的模态特征损失函数,强化教师模型对各模态特征提取的指导作用。实验结果表明,该方法有效协调了模型大小与性能,为边缘计算环境下的生物特征识别技术提供了一种有效的解决方案。

基于分区多次曝光的手掌静脉成像

针对透射式近红外光手掌静脉成像技术中手掌不同区域厚度差异大而导致静脉成像质量差的问题,提出了一种对手掌分区域多次曝光获取静脉血管图像法.根据近红外光照明条件下人体手掌的光学模型,结合CCD对光强的动态响应,计算出照明光强和手掌厚度的指数关系.首先,在手掌不同厚度区域,使用波长为850nm、光强大小不同的三种近红外光照明,分别获得三种光强的手掌静脉图像;然后,对得到的静脉图像分别进行分割增强处理;最后,用加权渐变拼接方法,得到完整清晰的手掌静脉图像.实验结果表明,该融合方法能够有效弥补透射法单一光强照明无法得到完整手掌图像的不足,所得到图像各部分的对比度都得到显著提高,同时也比反射法得到图像的对比度高.该方法可以很好地用在静脉穿刺、生物识别上,在未来信息化的安全性、身份识别功能上有重要意义.

无线自组网个体移动模型分析

应用Palm积分分析随机点模型、随机方向模型和随机游走模型的平稳速度分布,证明速度衰减问题源于各个移动周期内速度和持续时间的相关性。应用Palm积分和几何概率分析随机点模型和随机方向模型的平稳节点分布,证明这2种模型具有非均匀节点分布特征。应用中心极限定理证明无边界区域随机游走模型的轨迹端点成正态分布。结果表明时间型随机游走模型是最合理的个体移动模型。

基于掌形积分的路由协议仿真与性能分析

现有基于RWM移动模型的自组织网络路由协议仿真经常会引起一些问题,如平均运动速率衰减、移动节点分布不均匀等,使得路由协议的仿真不准确.针对这些问题,本文应用掌形积分对RWM移动模型的初始化重新进行了设计,该设计方法简单、易于实现.在此基础上,作者仿真了自组织网络常用的路由协议并进行性能分析.仿真结果表明,在RWM移动模型和修改后RWM移动模型下的路由协议性能存在差别.RWM移动模型的平稳性会对路由协议性能产生显著的影响.

入侵植物长芒苋在中国的潜在分布

为了合理分析入侵植物长芒苋(Amaranthuspalmeri)在中国的潜在分布情况,进而阻断其传播扩散,首先对长芒苋在美洲地区、欧洲地区和亚洲地区的气候生态空间进行比较,然后运用生态位模型对其潜在分布进行分析.结果表明:长芒苋在美洲、欧洲和亚洲地区所占有的生态空间存在差别,但在入侵过程中其在各地区间的生态位是保守的.在全球尺度下,气候和人类活动共同影响长芒苋的扩散和蔓延,主要的潜在入侵地区包括南美洲的东南地区、非洲南部地区、欧洲中部地区、印度西北地区以及中东、亚洲东部和澳大利亚东部及西南地区.长芒苋在中国的潜在分布集中在华北平原地区,这些区域为重要的粮食产区,同时受人类活动影响强烈,因此建议监控这些地区的长芒苋分布和扩散.

随机路点运动模型合群特性研究

以随机点过程和Palm积分为数学模型基础,对移动通信系统仿真模型中常用的随机路点(RWP)运动模型的合群特性进行了分析.指出大量服从RWP模型的节点共同运动时,会表现出一种天然的倾向于区域中心的合群特性,而非均匀分布.通过定义合群密度,给出了RWP模型在一般凸区域内的合群密度的计算方法及一维线段和正方形区域上的合群密度显式.通过两个实例仿真验证了分析结论.

无溶剂系统脂肪酶促POMF酯交换生产CBE的动力学研究

研究了无溶剂系统脂肪酶促棕榈油中间熔点物酯交换生产类可可脂的动力学,在优化的反应条件下,建立了初始底物浓度对反应初速度的影响和三种主要甘三酯浓度随时间变化的两个动力学模型。实验结果表明,计算值与实验值较吻合。

不同波长近红外光下手掌静脉图像质量分析

在手掌静脉成像系统中,为对光源波长和成像质量之间的关系进行研究,对手掌皮肤中的表皮层、真皮层和脂肪层在近红外光下的吸收、散射光学特性建立数学模型,并对在760nm、850nm、890nm和960nm四种单波长近红外光下图像质量的影响因素进行分析。在上述四种单波长及其六种混合波长下,利用图像对比度作为图像质量评价标准,对2500张掌脉图像进行了预处理和图像质量对比分析。实验结果和理论分析表明,在混合波长760nm+960nm下,最大程度保留了静脉信息。

手形、掌纹和掌静脉多特征融合识别

单一生物特征识别技术无论是在识别率还是稳定性上都不能达到完美无缺,特别是高仿生物特征的出现使其安全性受到质疑。针对上述问题,提出一种手形、掌纹和掌静脉多特征融合识别方法。提出了基于小波变换Gabor滤波器的特征层和图像层融合策略,将同一设备不同光照采集下的掌纹和掌静脉融合到一起,突出各自的主纹理特征;利用手指相对长度为手形特征进行初匹配,提出利用分块纹理基元模型进行掌纹和掌静脉融合图像的特征提取方法,然后进行二次匹配给出最终识别结果。开发了模拟系统并进行了相应的实验,结果表明该识别系统充分发挥了3种特征各自的优点,提高了识别率和稳定性,特别是掌静脉的加入增强了系统的安全性。

棕榈油供给冲击与国内植物油价格波动的动态关系分析

【目的】分析棕榈油供给量与国内主要植物油价格的互动关系,以及对于来自价格正、负向冲击下棕榈油的供给反应,为棕榈油进口管理提供理论依据。【方法】利用我国棕榈油月度进口量、棕榈油、豆油、菜籽油现货价格及马来西亚毛棕榈油现货价格数据,在协整-GARCH、误差修正-GARCH框架下进行估计分析,研究供给量与价格间的互动关系,并用线性和非线性Granger因果检验进行稳健性检验。【结果】我国棕榈油的加工厂商和贸易商重视过去较长一段时间积累的方差信息(ARCH效应),而不是上一期的预测方差(GARCH效应);相比于菜籽油,豆油对棕榈油价格的调整力较大;棕榈油供给量对价格的影响力较小,有关价格滞后二阶的好坏消息对供给量具有非对称性影响;棕榈油进口量和价格相互不是Granger原因。【建议】加强棕榈油进口管理、市场建设及库存变化监测,加深棕榈油全球定价机制的研究。