Influence of Ammonium Polyphosphate on Thermal Decomposition of Reconstituted Tobacco and CO Evolution

The thermal behaviors and burning characteristics of reconstituted tobacco （RT） are strongly related with evolved gaseous products. The effect of ammonium polyphosphate （APP） as an additive of RT on the pyrolysis behavior and CO evolution was studied, emphasizing the role of heating velocity in reducing CO delivery of the mainstream smoke by APP. Thermogravimetric analysis （TGA） was employed to investigate the influence of APP on RT thermal behavior. Slow and flash pyrolysis of RT were compared to discuss the role of heating rate in decreasing CO by APP. TGA results demonstrated that, in dependence on APP concentration, APP influenced exothermal amount and weight loss rate during RT thermal decomposition, promoted the formation of char and retarded the thermal decomposition of RT. In addition, APP had a considerable influence on the evolution of gaseous products during thermal decomposition of RT. Both CO delivery per cigarette and that per puff in the smoking process were significantly reduced in dependence on APP content in RT. Comparative analysis of CO evolution patterns in the flash and slow pyrolysis elucidated that heating rate played a key role in decreasing CO evolution by APP. The results suggest that APP is a potential burning additive for controlling CO delivery in mainstream smoke of RT.

Effects of Different Processing Modes of Reconstituted Tobacco on Cigarette Quality

In order to explore the most suitable mode for the primary processing model of reconstituted tobacco, another two kinds of conditioning process schemes for reconstituted tobacco were designed based on the existing reconstituted tobacco processing method. Comparative analysis and evaluation were conducted for moisture content uniformity, intrinsic chemical compositions, casing uniformity, blending uniformity and sensory quality of the samples from the three kind of processing modes. The results showed that loosing and conditioning or the vacuum conditioning pretreatment of the reconstituted tobacco could effectively reduce the difference in moisture content during the blending, and improve the casing uniformity and blending uniformity. Moreover, the samples with the loosing and conditioning pretreatment had higher total sugar and reducing sugar contents, which indicated that the loosing and conditioning pretreatment method was more favorable for the improvement of the intrinsic quality of cigarettes. In addition, the three kinds of aromatic components contents of cigarettes using the loosing and conditioning pretreatment were higher,and the casing uniformity, blending uniformity and overall sensory quality of this pretreatment were all superior to that of the other two kinds of reconstituted tobacco pretreatment methods. The contents of total sugar, reducing sugar as well as the three kinds of aromatic components of cigarettes processed with vacuum conditioning pretreatment were all slightly lower than those of the existing methods, but the casing uniformity and blending uniformity were improved, while it showed small difference in the sensory quality with the existing processing method.

Research on a Rapid Test Method of Dry Basis Weight of Paper-process Reconstituted Tobacco

This study aimed to optimize the rapid test factors of dry basis weight of reconstituted tobacco, in order to afford a reference test method for companies which produce reconstituted tobacco to better control the basis weight and coating ratio on line. The dry basis weight of reconstituted tobacco was tested by fast method and normal oven method individually. And the effects on the test values of different test factors such as temperature, time and the number of baking sheets were studied. Then the test values of these two methods were compared, so the proper factors of rapid test method were determined. As the baking temperature rose from 130 ℃ to 150 ℃, and the baking time rose from 1 min to 2 min, the difference between fast test method and normal oven method grew, and when the number of baking pieces rose from 3 pieces to 5 pieces, the difference between the two methods went down. The optimum test condition was baking temperature of 130 ℃, baking time of 1 min, and baking sample sheet number of 5. Under this condition, the value of fast test method was the closest to the test value of normal oven method, and meanwhile, the test factor was more proper for testing on line. The study will provide a reference for online controlling of dry basis weight and coating ratio of reconstituted tobacco.

Research Progress of Pretreatment Technology and Equipment for Raw Materials of Reconstituted Tobacco

The purpose of pretreating raw materials of reconstituted tobacco is to improve the quality of raw materials as well as product quality and production efficiency.In recent years,the research achievements and equipment status of the pretreatment technology of reconstituted tobacco raw materials in China were systematically reviewed,and the research and equipment development prospects of the pretreatment technology of reconstituted tobacco raw materials were prospected.

造纸法烟草薄片形态对烟丝理化特性的影响

本研究采用自主开发的烟草薄片切片器制备不同片型烟草薄片,并对烟草薄片烟丝化学成分、整丝率、碎丝率、烟草薄片烟丝卷烟质量和卷烟感官评价进行分析。结果表明,烟草薄片整丝率与烟支空头率呈线性负相关关系,碎丝率与烟支空头率呈线性正相关关系,烟草薄片烟丝结构与烟丝填充值相关性不显著。六边形烟草薄片烟丝整丝率和卷烟感官评价最高,分别为95.88%和91.1分;碎丝率和烟支空头率最低,分别为0.61%和0.8%,卷烟感官评价与烟支的整丝率、空头率等关键指标存在明显的相关性。因此,六边形烟草薄片为适宜的片型,为烟草薄片专用切片机的开发提供了有益的理论支持。

纳米纤维素在造纸法再造烟叶基片中的应用

为提高再造烟叶的物理性能,使用2种纳米纤维素(纤维素纳米晶须CNC和纤维素纳米纤丝CNF)替代部分木桨纤维,比较其对再造烟叶松厚度、抗张强度的影响,选择添加效果较好的纤维素纤丝,然后考察其不同添加量对再造烟叶松厚度、抗张强度、热解性能的影响,最后研究纳米纤维素的添加对再造烟叶主流烟气粒相物成分的影响。结果表明,在同一木浆纤维添加量下,添加CNF对再造烟叶抗张强度的提升效果强于CNC,且两者的添加对再造烟叶松厚度均无显著影响;在烟草浆料中添加CNF可以有效提高再造烟叶基片的抗张强度,随着CNF添加量的增加,造纸法再造烟叶基片的抗张强度随之增大;再造烟叶的热稳定性随CNF添加量的增加而增强,质量损失达到5%时温度(T-5%)、质量损失达到50%的温度(T-50%)和最终残渣量逐渐增加,而质量损失最大时温度(Tmax)未发生明显变化;添加少量CNF对再造烟叶主流烟气粒相物成分没有显著影响。CNF的添加可有效替代部分木浆纤维,从而降低木浆纤维的添加量,在提升再造烟叶抗张强度的同时,还提高了烟草薄片的热稳定性,为开发一种满足加工工艺需求的新型再造烟叶提供新思路。

基于响应面-主成分分析法优化再造烟叶表面改性膜材料的配方研究

【背景和目的】针对加热卷烟用再造烟叶吸湿性过强的问题,克服其在制丝、卷包以及贮存过程中易吸潮的缺陷,确保其耐加工性以及感官质量的稳定性。【方法】以壳聚糖、石蜡、黄原胶为配方组分,在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面-主成分分析法优化膜材料配方,开发出具有适中疏水性的膜材料涂布液,用于再造烟叶表面疏水改性。【结果】优化得到膜材料配方为:壳聚糖、石蜡和黄原胶的涂布量分别为0.6 g/m^(2)、1.5 g/m^(2)、1.6 g/m^(2),在此条件下制得改性再造烟叶的接触角87.542°、吸湿率10.98%、放湿率2.16%、感官质量得分87分。相比于传统再造烟叶,改性后再造烟叶的吸湿率和放湿率均显著降低,感官质量基本保持,抗张强度有所提升,再造烟叶的综合性能得到明显改善。

改善加热不燃烧型烟草薄片物理性能的研究

加热不燃烧型烟草薄片是一种新型烟草薄片,其制备方法主要包括稠浆法、辊压法、造纸法。为保证烟草薄片的良好成形及耐加工性,需添加一定量的木浆纤维。本研究探究了木浆纤维在稠浆法加热不燃烧型烟草薄片中的应用,考察了木浆纤维打浆度和添加量对稠浆性能和烟草薄片物理性能的影响。研究表明,增加木浆纤维打浆度有利于降低稠浆黏度,木浆纤维的打浆度为49°SR时,烟草薄片的力学性能相对较好;木浆纤维添加量在2%~5%时,烟草薄片力学强度随着木浆添加量的增加而增加,抗张指数最高可达3.62 N·m/g。

再造烟叶烟气中刺激性气味的关键化学组分研究

为研究再造烟叶烟气中刺激性气味的关键化学组分,本工作利用元素分析仪(EA)与电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)表征天然烟叶、再造烟叶以及基片,解析3种原料的化学组成差异。利用U型固定床热解反应器对3种原料进行热解实验,产生的气态产物先通过与固定床反应器出口相连的光电离质谱(SPI-MS)进行实时在线检测,同时结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)的离线定性分析结果确定热解产物的具体组成。随后,采用主成分分析(PCA)法对谱图进行统计学分析,以区分3种原料热解后特征产物的质荷比(m/z),选择含量显著差异的产物作为模型化合物,开展嗅辨实验。结果表明,再造烟叶烟气中刺激性气味的关键化学组分主要为环戊酮、环己酮和4-乙基苯酚。此外,根据产物随温度的实时变化谱,能够准确了解上述模型化合物在热解过程中的温度释放范围。该研究可为后续减少再造烟叶中刺激性气味提供数据支撑。

季也蒙迈耶氏酵母提高再造烟叶浓缩液香气品质研究

为提升再造烟叶的香气质,从葡萄表面筛选到一株能够发酵再造烟叶浓缩液进行产香的微生物Y-7,对其进行了菌种鉴定和发酵条件优化,并检测了其对再造烟叶的增香效果。结果表明,Y-7菌株为季也蒙迈耶氏酵母(Meyerozyma guilliermondii),最佳生长条件为pH 7.0、25℃。使用该酵母对60%再造烟叶浓缩液发酵24 h,能显著提升浓缩液中多种挥发性致香物质的含量,其中酮类、醇类、酸类、酚类和其他致香物质分别提升26.92%、101.07%、349.47%、33.62%和20.35%;新增致香物质11种。Y-7发酵浓缩液能够显著提升再造烟叶的香气质和香气量、甜感和余味舒适性,改善其品质。综上,季也蒙迈耶氏酵母Y-7在塑造再造烟叶浓缩液香气品质方面具有良好的应用前景。

烟粉添加对烟草薄片固液耦合涂布效果的研究

为探究烟粉添加对固液耦合涂布效果的影响,本研究通过开展烟粉性能分析,主要探讨了烟粉添加对涂布效果、烟草薄片理化指标的影响。结果表明,烟粉的添加导致涂布液密度、固含量、黏度增加,且黏度增加最快,烟粉添加量对涂布液的影响大于其粒径。烟粉的添加引起烟草薄片抗张强度增加,柔软度和透气度减小。适宜的烟粉添加量应低于9%,粒径为500目左右。

白酒大曲中产香微生物筛选及提升再造烟叶品质研究

针对再造烟叶香气质较差的问题,从广西特香型白酒大曲中筛选能够利用再造烟叶萃取液中营养物质发酵产香的微生物,结合形态学及分子生物学方法对产香效果最佳的微生物进行菌株鉴定及发酵条件优化,利用GC-MS技术测定其产香的物质基础,并将其添加于再造烟叶中进行感官评价。结果表明:筛选出的Y-1菌株对再造烟叶萃取液中可溶性糖和蛋白质的利用能力最强,对萃取液的香气改善效果最佳;经鉴定,Y-1菌株为库德里阿兹威毕赤酵母(Pichia kudriavzevii),其在25℃、pH值为5、体积分数为80%的再造烟叶萃取液中发酵24 h后,能够显著提升萃取液中酯类、酮类、醇类和酸类等挥发性香气物质的含量,提升幅度分别达2.31倍、0.66倍、12.15倍和2.74倍,且萃取液中新增16种挥发性香气物质;Y-1菌株发酵萃取液添加于再造烟叶后,能显著增强其果香、甜香感及香气层次感,提升其吸味品质。

阳离子改性纤维在造纸法加热不燃烧烟草薄片中的应用研究

本研究利用阳离子改性纤维具有正电荷和高保水值的特点,与漂白木浆复合抄造制备加热不燃烧烟草薄片基片,以提升基片的吸收性能。结果表明,阳离子改性纤维的添加能有效降低基片的紧度,提升其对涂布液的吸收性能,增加加热不燃烧烟草薄片对涂布液的负载率。未添加阳离子改性纤维的加热不燃烧烟草薄片涂布负载率达121.69%,而阳离子改性纤维添加量为100%的加热不燃烧烟草薄片涂布负载率达215.58%,与前者相比增加了93.89个百分点。选择添加量为60%(相对于绝干木浆总质量)的阳离子改性纤维用于加热不燃烧烟草薄片基片制备,其基片紧度为0.45 g/cm^(3),孔隙率达70.90%,透气度17.92μm/(Pa·s),制备的加热不燃烧烟草薄片对涂布液的负载率达154.67%,并具有良好的吸食口感。

烟粉粒径及其分布对稠浆法烟芯薄片性能的影响

利用5组不同粒径的烟粉配制稠浆并制备烟芯薄片,研究单一粒径烟粉、连续级配混合烟粉对稠浆特性及烟芯薄片性能的影响规律,分析烟粉粒径分布对薄片性能的影响作用,优选出适宜的烟粉级配方案。结果表明,随着烟粉粒径的减小,稠浆黏度降低,薄片紧度、抗张强度增加,采用小粒径烟粉制备的薄片强度好但紧度过高,80目至≥200目4种粒径烟粉以0.2的级配系数混合时,制备的薄片各项性能较优,对比具有同等平均粒径、不同粒径分布的烟粉,较宽的粒径分布更利于薄片的强度,综合考虑稠浆及薄片性能,较优的烟粉混合条件为80目至≥200目4种粒径烟粉分别占比32.2%、13.0%、12.8%及42.0%,此时薄片紧度0.72 g/cm^(3),抗张强度可达0.549 kN/m。

烟草薄片涂布液的化学组分对其感官质量的影响研究进展

本文从烟草薄片涂布液各化学组分的含量、作用机理、热裂解产物和协调性等方面,详细阐述了在烟草薄片燃吸过程中,涂布液的化学组分对感官质量的影响。同时,本文还对未来烟草企业在提高烟草薄片涂布液的化学组成稳定性与协调性上,提供了创新添加方式和优化生产工艺等建议。

烟草薄片剪切断面形貌有限元仿真模拟优化

本研究对烟草薄片精密剪切过程进行了仿真研究,获得了材料力学性能和相互作用参数,为有限元仿真模拟提供了必要数据。建立了烟草薄片的力学模型,并构建了相应的有限元仿真模型。在仿真模拟过程中,重点分析了烟草薄片剪切断裂的形成过程及静水应力随时间的变化趋势。采用有限元仿真模拟与实验测量相结合的方法,综合分析剪切间隙对烟草薄片断面质量的影响。结果表明,随着剪切纵向间隙的增加,烟草薄片的塌角高度逐渐增加,剪切带高度总体呈现减小趋势,而断裂带高度则呈现增加趋势。然而,当剪切间隙为0.15 mm时,由于上、下剪刃的重合,导致剪切带高度略微增加,断裂带高度略微减小。有限元仿真模拟结果与实测结果相吻合,验证了本研究的可靠性和准确性。

造纸法再造烟叶对卷烟产品感官质量与烟气指标的影响研究

造纸法再造烟叶的技术已经相对成熟,国内外卷烟厂对造纸法再造烟叶的使用需求也在不断扩大。对此,简述了造纸法再造烟叶的特点和应用价值,分析了造纸法再造烟叶的生产工艺。为了解造纸法再造烟叶卷烟产品质量的差异性,选择4种造纸法再造烟叶制成卷烟样品,由评吸员对样品的香气特性、协调特性、烟气特性、口感特性等项目进行评价。之后采用同种造纸法再造烟叶以不同的比例掺配到卷烟产品中,根据相关测试标准测定不同添加量下卷烟产品的烟气指标变化。结果表明,该评价方法对造纸法再造烟叶卷烟产品感官质量的判定具有指导意义;随着再造烟叶使用比例的增加,卷烟中的焦油量、烟气烟碱量以及抽吸口数都呈逐步降低的趋势。

分段式蒸汽控制在再造烟叶涂布液温度控制环节中的应用

以再造烟叶涂布液温度控制中常见的问题与原因为出发点,来探讨解决此类问题的方法。主要以分段式蒸汽控制的方式,通过对各控制阀门之间的蒸汽管道进行分段,并逐次、逐段进汽对热交换器进行保温和补温,逐次、逐段卸空蒸汽来冷却热交换器,使热交换器在补温、保温、冷却再到补温的稳定循环过程中,实现涂布液温度在生产控制过程中稳定常态化。对涂布液温度的控制逻辑、控制措施与控制效果进行较详细论述,但本领域技术人员应当理解,实际运用中可以将此控制思路作为参考,在控制形式和细节上作出多样性变化,实现涂布液温度平稳性控制并满足工艺要求。

造纸法再造烟叶萃取液可溶性固形物含量的快速测定方法研究

为准确、统一、快速地测定造纸法再造烟叶萃取液中固形物含量(质量分数)。利用折光法测定萃取液中可溶性固形物含量,同步采用经典气相色谱法测定固含量,通过标准曲线的制定、方法的重复性、方法中间精密度、共同验证实验及再造烟叶企业产品测定,建立了造纸法再造烟叶萃取液固形物含量的快速测定方法。方法的重复性实验相对标准偏差RSD<1.00%,中间精密度相对标准偏差RSD小于1.02%,不同地点测定的固形物含量的RSD在4.99%~5.60%之间,不同仪器对萃取液固形物含量测定的绝对差值均小于1.50%,折光法测定一个样品时间<20s。该方法的重复性好,同时不受人员操作限制,方法具有较好的可操作性、可靠性和再现性,适用于造纸法再造烟叶萃取液可溶性固形物含量的快速测定。

采用离子色谱法测定烟草薄片中瓜尔胶含量的研究

本研究建立了离子色谱法测定烟草薄片中瓜尔胶含量的方法,具体步骤如下:采用水浸泡烟草薄片并振荡的方式,萃取其中的瓜尔胶;将萃取液蒸干后,采用酸解法将瓜尔胶分解为半乳糖、甘露糖;然后采用离子色谱法测定半乳糖、甘露糖含量,通过公式换算得到样品中的瓜尔胶含量。结果表明,半乳糖和甘露糖在浓度0.1~10 mg/L范围内,具有非常好的线性关系,相关系数R^(2)均≥0.9996,检出限分别为0.0036和0.0022 mg/L,瓜尔胶回收率均≥95.8%,相对标准偏差为1.58%。因此,该方法重复性好,准确度高,适用于烟草薄片中瓜尔胶含量的测定。