Research on a Rapid Test Method of Dry Basis Weight of Paper-process Reconstituted Tobacco

This study aimed to optimize the rapid test factors of dry basis weight of reconstituted tobacco, in order to afford a reference test method for companies which produce reconstituted tobacco to better control the basis weight and coating ratio on line. The dry basis weight of reconstituted tobacco was tested by fast method and normal oven method individually. And the effects on the test values of different test factors such as temperature, time and the number of baking sheets were studied. Then the test values of these two methods were compared, so the proper factors of rapid test method were determined. As the baking temperature rose from 130 ℃ to 150 ℃, and the baking time rose from 1 min to 2 min, the difference between fast test method and normal oven method grew, and when the number of baking pieces rose from 3 pieces to 5 pieces, the difference between the two methods went down. The optimum test condition was baking temperature of 130 ℃, baking time of 1 min, and baking sample sheet number of 5. Under this condition, the value of fast test method was the closest to the test value of normal oven method, and meanwhile, the test factor was more proper for testing on line. The study will provide a reference for online controlling of dry basis weight and coating ratio of reconstituted tobacco.

Influence of Ammonium Polyphosphate on Thermal Decomposition of Reconstituted Tobacco and CO Evolution

The thermal behaviors and burning characteristics of reconstituted tobacco （RT） are strongly related with evolved gaseous products. The effect of ammonium polyphosphate （APP） as an additive of RT on the pyrolysis behavior and CO evolution was studied, emphasizing the role of heating velocity in reducing CO delivery of the mainstream smoke by APP. Thermogravimetric analysis （TGA） was employed to investigate the influence of APP on RT thermal behavior. Slow and flash pyrolysis of RT were compared to discuss the role of heating rate in decreasing CO by APP. TGA results demonstrated that, in dependence on APP concentration, APP influenced exothermal amount and weight loss rate during RT thermal decomposition, promoted the formation of char and retarded the thermal decomposition of RT. In addition, APP had a considerable influence on the evolution of gaseous products during thermal decomposition of RT. Both CO delivery per cigarette and that per puff in the smoking process were significantly reduced in dependence on APP content in RT. Comparative analysis of CO evolution patterns in the flash and slow pyrolysis elucidated that heating rate played a key role in decreasing CO evolution by APP. The results suggest that APP is a potential burning additive for controlling CO delivery in mainstream smoke of RT.

Effects of Different Processing Modes of Reconstituted Tobacco on Cigarette Quality

In order to explore the most suitable mode for the primary processing model of reconstituted tobacco, another two kinds of conditioning process schemes for reconstituted tobacco were designed based on the existing reconstituted tobacco processing method. Comparative analysis and evaluation were conducted for moisture content uniformity, intrinsic chemical compositions, casing uniformity, blending uniformity and sensory quality of the samples from the three kind of processing modes. The results showed that loosing and conditioning or the vacuum conditioning pretreatment of the reconstituted tobacco could effectively reduce the difference in moisture content during the blending, and improve the casing uniformity and blending uniformity. Moreover, the samples with the loosing and conditioning pretreatment had higher total sugar and reducing sugar contents, which indicated that the loosing and conditioning pretreatment method was more favorable for the improvement of the intrinsic quality of cigarettes. In addition, the three kinds of aromatic components contents of cigarettes using the loosing and conditioning pretreatment were higher,and the casing uniformity, blending uniformity and overall sensory quality of this pretreatment were all superior to that of the other two kinds of reconstituted tobacco pretreatment methods. The contents of total sugar, reducing sugar as well as the three kinds of aromatic components of cigarettes processed with vacuum conditioning pretreatment were all slightly lower than those of the existing methods, but the casing uniformity and blending uniformity were improved, while it showed small difference in the sensory quality with the existing processing method.

Research Progress of Pretreatment Technology and Equipment for Raw Materials of Reconstituted Tobacco

The purpose of pretreating raw materials of reconstituted tobacco is to improve the quality of raw materials as well as product quality and production efficiency.In recent years,the research achievements and equipment status of the pretreatment technology of reconstituted tobacco raw materials in China were systematically reviewed,and the research and equipment development prospects of the pretreatment technology of reconstituted tobacco raw materials were prospected.

造纸法烟草薄片与天然烟叶吸湿-解湿行为差异性研究

采用多种模型对天然烟叶与烟草薄片在制丝生产线环境下的等温吸湿-解湿行为进行拟合,借助最优等温吸湿模型与解湿动力学模型,对其等温吸湿-解湿行为进行分析。结果表明,DLP模型对天然烟叶与烟草薄片的等温吸湿行为拟合效果最好,二者的等温吸湿线分别为Ⅲ型和Ⅱ型,等温吸湿行为有较大差异;烟草薄片的吸湿滞后现象不明显,而天然烟叶在相对湿度较低时,吸湿滞后现象明显。Page模型对天然烟叶与烟草薄片的解湿过程拟合效果最好;在干燥前期,温度升高加快了烟叶的解湿速率,而在干燥后期,温度升高使得解湿速率降低;相同环境下,烟草薄片的失水速率高于天然烟叶。经验证,Page模型对烟草薄片与天然烟叶含水率的理论值和实测值相对误差均在5%内,能够较好地预测其在实际生产环境下的解湿情况。

辊压法全烟梗再造烟叶的制备工艺优化及结构与性能分析

使用烟梗粉末和烟叶粉末制备辊压法再造烟叶,通过正交试验确定全烟梗再造烟叶最适工艺参数,对比分析全烟叶和全烟梗再造烟叶的基本理化性质、形貌结构、甘油吸附性能、热失重行为及热释放香味物质差异。结果表明:综合考虑抗张强度和感官品质,以烟梗粉末质量为基准,水、木浆纤维、羧甲基纤维素钠最适添加量分别为75%、2.5%、5%,辊压厚度和烘烤温度则分别为0.25 mm和90℃;全烟梗再造烟叶的定量、抗张强度和松厚度分别为265.33 g/m 2、0.43 kN/m和0.83 cm 3/g,均优于全烟叶再造烟叶,且表面均一度和烟梗色泽保留度较好,微观孔隙结构丰富,纤维排列相对疏松;全烟梗再造烟叶的甘油静态平衡吸附率为25%,高于全烟叶再造烟叶,吸附过程符合准一级动力学模型,且表现出较大的吸附速率常数;两种再造烟叶表现出相似的四阶段热解失重过程,但全烟梗再造烟叶的热失重阶段Ⅱ和Ⅲ的最大失重速率温度向中间温度集中,两阶段的最大失重速率和综合热解指数均大于全烟叶再造烟叶,综合热解性能更优;全烟梗再造烟叶在阶段Ⅲ释放的香味物质为41种,含量为3410.49μg/g,高于阶段Ⅱ的热释放香味物质种类和含量,其中烟碱、新植二烯、2,3-二氢-3,5-二羟基-6-甲基-4(H)-吡喃-4-酮、糠醇等香味物质均能够有效释放。以烟梗为原料制备的辊压法再造烟叶具有较好的抗张强度和松厚度,微观孔隙结构丰富,加热状态下能保证香味物质的有效释放,良好的料香负载能力和较低的原料成本显示了其在加热卷烟中较好的应用潜力。

Application of Factor Analysis in Sensory Evaluation of Tobacco Raw Materials

[ Objective] This study aimed to analyze the main sensory quality indexes of reconstituted tobacco materials. [ Method ] The factor analysis was per- formed to analyze sensory quality of reconstituted tobacco raw materials. [ Result] The results showed that the contribution rate was 87. 791% and four factors were obtained via factor analysis. The factor loading of factor 1 （ aroma quality, aroma amount, offensive odor, after-taste） was relatively large. Factor 2 was the exterior factor. Factor 3 was momentum factor. Factor 4 was the concentration factor. The comprehensive scores of samples from different regions demonstrated a descending order of Hubei, Yuxi, Chuxiong, Honghe, Dali, Kunming, Hunan, Henan, Fujian, Qujing, Baoshan, Guizhou, Zhaotong, Chongqing, Puer, Wenshan, Guang- dong, and Jiangxi. [ Conclusion] The factor analysis results provided a theoretical basis for subsequent sensory evaluation of reconstituted tobacco.

纳米纤维素在造纸法再造烟叶基片中的应用

为提高再造烟叶的物理性能,使用2种纳米纤维素(纤维素纳米晶须CNC和纤维素纳米纤丝CNF)替代部分木桨纤维,比较其对再造烟叶松厚度、抗张强度的影响,选择添加效果较好的纤维素纤丝,然后考察其不同添加量对再造烟叶松厚度、抗张强度、热解性能的影响,最后研究纳米纤维素的添加对再造烟叶主流烟气粒相物成分的影响。结果表明,在同一木浆纤维添加量下,添加CNF对再造烟叶抗张强度的提升效果强于CNC,且两者的添加对再造烟叶松厚度均无显著影响;在烟草浆料中添加CNF可以有效提高再造烟叶基片的抗张强度,随着CNF添加量的增加,造纸法再造烟叶基片的抗张强度随之增大;再造烟叶的热稳定性随CNF添加量的增加而增强,质量损失达到5%时温度(T-5%)、质量损失达到50%的温度(T-50%)和最终残渣量逐渐增加,而质量损失最大时温度(Tmax)未发生明显变化;添加少量CNF对再造烟叶主流烟气粒相物成分没有显著影响。CNF的添加可有效替代部分木浆纤维,从而降低木浆纤维的添加量,在提升再造烟叶抗张强度的同时,还提高了烟草薄片的热稳定性,为开发一种满足加工工艺需求的新型再造烟叶提供新思路。

造纸法烟草薄片形态对烟丝理化特性的影响

本研究采用自主开发的烟草薄片切片器制备不同片型烟草薄片,并对烟草薄片烟丝化学成分、整丝率、碎丝率、烟草薄片烟丝卷烟质量和卷烟感官评价进行分析。结果表明,烟草薄片整丝率与烟支空头率呈线性负相关关系,碎丝率与烟支空头率呈线性正相关关系,烟草薄片烟丝结构与烟丝填充值相关性不显著。六边形烟草薄片烟丝整丝率和卷烟感官评价最高,分别为95.88%和91.1分;碎丝率和烟支空头率最低,分别为0.61%和0.8%,卷烟感官评价与烟支的整丝率、空头率等关键指标存在明显的相关性。因此,六边形烟草薄片为适宜的片型,为烟草薄片专用切片机的开发提供了有益的理论支持。

基于响应面-主成分分析法优化再造烟叶表面改性膜材料的配方研究

【背景和目的】针对加热卷烟用再造烟叶吸湿性过强的问题,克服其在制丝、卷包以及贮存过程中易吸潮的缺陷,确保其耐加工性以及感官质量的稳定性。【方法】以壳聚糖、石蜡、黄原胶为配方组分,在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面-主成分分析法优化膜材料配方,开发出具有适中疏水性的膜材料涂布液,用于再造烟叶表面疏水改性。【结果】优化得到膜材料配方为:壳聚糖、石蜡和黄原胶的涂布量分别为0.6 g/m^(2)、1.5 g/m^(2)、1.6 g/m^(2),在此条件下制得改性再造烟叶的接触角87.542°、吸湿率10.98%、放湿率2.16%、感官质量得分87分。相比于传统再造烟叶,改性后再造烟叶的吸湿率和放湿率均显著降低,感官质量基本保持,抗张强度有所提升,再造烟叶的综合性能得到明显改善。

改善加热不燃烧型烟草薄片物理性能的研究

加热不燃烧型烟草薄片是一种新型烟草薄片,其制备方法主要包括稠浆法、辊压法、造纸法。为保证烟草薄片的良好成形及耐加工性,需添加一定量的木浆纤维。本研究探究了木浆纤维在稠浆法加热不燃烧型烟草薄片中的应用,考察了木浆纤维打浆度和添加量对稠浆性能和烟草薄片物理性能的影响。研究表明,增加木浆纤维打浆度有利于降低稠浆黏度,木浆纤维的打浆度为49°SR时,烟草薄片的力学性能相对较好;木浆纤维添加量在2%~5%时,烟草薄片力学强度随着木浆添加量的增加而增加,抗张指数最高可达3.62 N·m/g。

再造烟叶烟气中刺激性气味的关键化学组分研究

为研究再造烟叶烟气中刺激性气味的关键化学组分,本工作利用元素分析仪(EA)与电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)表征天然烟叶、再造烟叶以及基片,解析3种原料的化学组成差异。利用U型固定床热解反应器对3种原料进行热解实验,产生的气态产物先通过与固定床反应器出口相连的光电离质谱(SPI-MS)进行实时在线检测,同时结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)的离线定性分析结果确定热解产物的具体组成。随后,采用主成分分析(PCA)法对谱图进行统计学分析,以区分3种原料热解后特征产物的质荷比(m/z),选择含量显著差异的产物作为模型化合物,开展嗅辨实验。结果表明,再造烟叶烟气中刺激性气味的关键化学组分主要为环戊酮、环己酮和4-乙基苯酚。此外,根据产物随温度的实时变化谱,能够准确了解上述模型化合物在热解过程中的温度释放范围。该研究可为后续减少再造烟叶中刺激性气味提供数据支撑。

加热卷烟再造烟叶中丙三醇的热裂解机理研究

【目的】探究加热卷烟再造烟叶中丙三醇的热裂解机制。【方法】从热力学和动力学角度系统探索酸性环境下丙三醇的热裂解机理,预测反应的主要路径与产物,采用热重分析仪和超高效液相色谱考察不同p H值再造烟叶中丙三醇热裂解产生的羰基化合物含量。【结果】(1)丙三醇与质子H相结合后,较中性环境更容易发生热裂解,其主要反应路径为脱水历程,主要产物为水、甲醛、质子化乙烯醇(乙醛)以及质子化的丙烯醛,酸性环境下的乙醛可进一步缩合生成巴豆醛。(2)200℃时,检测到再造烟叶(pH值4.74)中丙三醇热裂解产生甲醛和乙醛,与中性环境相比,其发生热裂解所需的温度降低,且同温度下热裂解产生的主要羰基化合物含量明显更高。(3)添加强酸调节pH后,随酸性的提升,丙三醇的热裂解反应明显加剧,所产生的甲醛、丙烯醛和巴豆醛含量显著升高。

季也蒙迈耶氏酵母提高再造烟叶浓缩液香气品质研究

为提升再造烟叶的香气质,从葡萄表面筛选到一株能够发酵再造烟叶浓缩液进行产香的微生物Y-7,对其进行了菌种鉴定和发酵条件优化,并检测了其对再造烟叶的增香效果。结果表明,Y-7菌株为季也蒙迈耶氏酵母(Meyerozyma guilliermondii),最佳生长条件为pH 7.0、25℃。使用该酵母对60%再造烟叶浓缩液发酵24 h,能显著提升浓缩液中多种挥发性致香物质的含量,其中酮类、醇类、酸类、酚类和其他致香物质分别提升26.92%、101.07%、349.47%、33.62%和20.35%;新增致香物质11种。Y-7发酵浓缩液能够显著提升再造烟叶的香气质和香气量、甜感和余味舒适性,改善其品质。综上,季也蒙迈耶氏酵母Y-7在塑造再造烟叶浓缩液香气品质方面具有良好的应用前景。

烟粉添加对烟草薄片固液耦合涂布效果的研究

为探究烟粉添加对固液耦合涂布效果的影响,本研究通过开展烟粉性能分析,主要探讨了烟粉添加对涂布效果、烟草薄片理化指标的影响。结果表明,烟粉的添加导致涂布液密度、固含量、黏度增加,且黏度增加最快,烟粉添加量对涂布液的影响大于其粒径。烟粉的添加引起烟草薄片抗张强度增加,柔软度和透气度减小。适宜的烟粉添加量应低于9%,粒径为500目左右。

白酒大曲中产香微生物筛选及提升再造烟叶品质研究

针对再造烟叶香气质较差的问题,从广西特香型白酒大曲中筛选能够利用再造烟叶萃取液中营养物质发酵产香的微生物,结合形态学及分子生物学方法对产香效果最佳的微生物进行菌株鉴定及发酵条件优化,利用GC-MS技术测定其产香的物质基础,并将其添加于再造烟叶中进行感官评价。结果表明:筛选出的Y-1菌株对再造烟叶萃取液中可溶性糖和蛋白质的利用能力最强,对萃取液的香气改善效果最佳;经鉴定,Y-1菌株为库德里阿兹威毕赤酵母(Pichia kudriavzevii),其在25℃、pH值为5、体积分数为80%的再造烟叶萃取液中发酵24 h后,能够显著提升萃取液中酯类、酮类、醇类和酸类等挥发性香气物质的含量,提升幅度分别达2.31倍、0.66倍、12.15倍和2.74倍,且萃取液中新增16种挥发性香气物质;Y-1菌株发酵萃取液添加于再造烟叶后,能显著增强其果香、甜香感及香气层次感,提升其吸味品质。

阳离子改性纤维在造纸法加热不燃烧烟草薄片中的应用研究

本研究利用阳离子改性纤维具有正电荷和高保水值的特点,与漂白木浆复合抄造制备加热不燃烧烟草薄片基片,以提升基片的吸收性能。结果表明,阳离子改性纤维的添加能有效降低基片的紧度,提升其对涂布液的吸收性能,增加加热不燃烧烟草薄片对涂布液的负载率。未添加阳离子改性纤维的加热不燃烧烟草薄片涂布负载率达121.69%,而阳离子改性纤维添加量为100%的加热不燃烧烟草薄片涂布负载率达215.58%,与前者相比增加了93.89个百分点。选择添加量为60%(相对于绝干木浆总质量)的阳离子改性纤维用于加热不燃烧烟草薄片基片制备,其基片紧度为0.45 g/cm^(3),孔隙率达70.90%,透气度17.92μm/(Pa·s),制备的加热不燃烧烟草薄片对涂布液的负载率达154.67%,并具有良好的吸食口感。

烟粉粒径及其分布对稠浆法烟芯薄片性能的影响

利用5组不同粒径的烟粉配制稠浆并制备烟芯薄片,研究单一粒径烟粉、连续级配混合烟粉对稠浆特性及烟芯薄片性能的影响规律,分析烟粉粒径分布对薄片性能的影响作用,优选出适宜的烟粉级配方案。结果表明,随着烟粉粒径的减小,稠浆黏度降低,薄片紧度、抗张强度增加,采用小粒径烟粉制备的薄片强度好但紧度过高,80目至≥200目4种粒径烟粉以0.2的级配系数混合时,制备的薄片各项性能较优,对比具有同等平均粒径、不同粒径分布的烟粉,较宽的粒径分布更利于薄片的强度,综合考虑稠浆及薄片性能,较优的烟粉混合条件为80目至≥200目4种粒径烟粉分别占比32.2%、13.0%、12.8%及42.0%,此时薄片紧度0.72 g/cm^(3),抗张强度可达0.549 kN/m。

黏结剂种类对加热不燃烧型烟草薄片成形及物理性能的影响

本研究结合稠浆法加热不燃烧型烟草薄片浆料的特征,探究了黏结剂种类及添加量对烟草薄片成形及物理性能的影响。通过对烟粉的理化特性进行表征,并结合Zeta电位、阳离子需求量分析,对比了不同添加量下,羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟丙基瓜尔胶、黄原胶4种黏结剂制备所得稠浆的黏度稳定性及烟草薄片的物理性能。结果表明,当羟丙基瓜尔胶添加量为2%(相对于烟粉绝干质量,下同)时,稠浆黏度从23403 mPa·s增至27546 mPa·s,烟草薄片匀度可达92,抗张指数3.55 N·m/g,紧度1.12 g/cm^(3),透气度下降至0.30μm/(Pa·s);当黄原胶添加量低于3%、羟丙基瓜尔胶添加量低于2%时,稠浆具有较好的稳定性,可有效改善烟草薄片的成形,提高其物理性能。

烟草薄片涂布液的化学组分对其感官质量的影响研究进展

本文从烟草薄片涂布液各化学组分的含量、作用机理、热裂解产物和协调性等方面,详细阐述了在烟草薄片燃吸过程中,涂布液的化学组分对感官质量的影响。同时,本文还对未来烟草企业在提高烟草薄片涂布液的化学组成稳定性与协调性上,提供了创新添加方式和优化生产工艺等建议。