Studies were conducted to evaluate driver injury metrics with varying crash pulse in offset crash. First, a vehicle finite element （ FE ） model and an occupant restraint system （ORS） model were developed and valid...Studies were conducted to evaluate driver injury metrics with varying crash pulse in offset crash. First, a vehicle finite element （ FE ） model and an occupant restraint system （ORS） model were developed and validated against tests; then, the crash pulse collected from the test vehicle was equivalent to a dual-trapezoid shape pulse which will be quantitatively described by six parameters and was put into the ORS model; finally, parametric studies were conducted to analyze the sensitivi- ties of parameters of equivalent crash pulse on head resultant acceleration, head injury criteria （HIC）, neck axial force and chest deformation. Results showed that the second peak value of the crash pulse was statistically significant on all these injury criteria （P = 0. 001, 0. 000, 0. 000, 0. 000 re- spectively）, the first peak level had a negative significantly effect on all the criteria aforementioned except the chest deformation （P = 0. 011, 0. 038, and 0. 033 respectively）, and the interaction of the time-points of first and second peak values had a significant influence on head resultant acceleration （P = 0. 03 ）. A higher first peak value and a lower second peak value of the crash pulse could bring deeply lower injury metrics.展开更多
目的评价真实世界研究(real world study,RWS)组间协变量均衡性的诊断指标。方法模拟不同的组间均衡性程度、不同的协变量与暴露、结局关系等RWS模拟数据场景,通过构建各诊断指标与估计偏差的相关性模型,评价不同的单一协变量、全局协...目的评价真实世界研究(real world study,RWS)组间协变量均衡性的诊断指标。方法模拟不同的组间均衡性程度、不同的协变量与暴露、结局关系等RWS模拟数据场景,通过构建各诊断指标与估计偏差的相关性模型,评价不同的单一协变量、全局协变量均衡性诊断指标的准确性、稳健性。结果除L1测度外,标准化差值法、重叠系数、K-S距离、Lévy距离、马氏距离和一般加权差均能识别不同程度的均衡性。基于倾向得分的C统计量和一般加权差估计相关性模型的R2值均大于0.8,截距值逼近原点,对于组间均衡性的诊断最为准确和稳定。结论单一协变量诊断指标可以评估RWS数据组间协变量的均衡性,但全局诊断指标的准确性、灵敏度和稳健性更好,其中倾向得分C统计量的诊断效果最佳。展开更多
Free vibrations of a beam-mass-spring system with different boundary conditions are analyzed both analyt- ically and numerically. In the analytical analysis, the system is divided into three subsystems and the effects...Free vibrations of a beam-mass-spring system with different boundary conditions are analyzed both analyt- ically and numerically. In the analytical analysis, the system is divided into three subsystems and the effects of the spring and the point mass are considered as internal boundary con- ditions between any two neighboring subsystems. The par- tial differential equations governing the motion of the sub- systems and internal boundary conditions are then solved us- ing the method of separation of variables. In the numerical analysis, the whole system is considered as a single system and the effects of the spring and point mass are introduced using the Dirac delta function. The Galerkin method is then employed to discretize the equation of motion and the result- ing set of ordinary differential equations are solved via eigen- value analysis. Analytical and numerical results are shown to be in very good agreement.展开更多
文摘Studies were conducted to evaluate driver injury metrics with varying crash pulse in offset crash. First, a vehicle finite element （ FE ） model and an occupant restraint system （ORS） model were developed and validated against tests; then, the crash pulse collected from the test vehicle was equivalent to a dual-trapezoid shape pulse which will be quantitatively described by six parameters and was put into the ORS model; finally, parametric studies were conducted to analyze the sensitivi- ties of parameters of equivalent crash pulse on head resultant acceleration, head injury criteria （HIC）, neck axial force and chest deformation. Results showed that the second peak value of the crash pulse was statistically significant on all these injury criteria （P = 0. 001, 0. 000, 0. 000, 0. 000 re- spectively）, the first peak level had a negative significantly effect on all the criteria aforementioned except the chest deformation （P = 0. 011, 0. 038, and 0. 033 respectively）, and the interaction of the time-points of first and second peak values had a significant influence on head resultant acceleration （P = 0. 03 ）. A higher first peak value and a lower second peak value of the crash pulse could bring deeply lower injury metrics.
文摘目的评价真实世界研究(real world study,RWS)组间协变量均衡性的诊断指标。方法模拟不同的组间均衡性程度、不同的协变量与暴露、结局关系等RWS模拟数据场景,通过构建各诊断指标与估计偏差的相关性模型,评价不同的单一协变量、全局协变量均衡性诊断指标的准确性、稳健性。结果除L1测度外,标准化差值法、重叠系数、K-S距离、Lévy距离、马氏距离和一般加权差均能识别不同程度的均衡性。基于倾向得分的C统计量和一般加权差估计相关性模型的R2值均大于0.8,截距值逼近原点,对于组间均衡性的诊断最为准确和稳定。结论单一协变量诊断指标可以评估RWS数据组间协变量的均衡性,但全局诊断指标的准确性、灵敏度和稳健性更好,其中倾向得分C统计量的诊断效果最佳。
文摘Free vibrations of a beam-mass-spring system with different boundary conditions are analyzed both analyt- ically and numerically. In the analytical analysis, the system is divided into three subsystems and the effects of the spring and the point mass are considered as internal boundary con- ditions between any two neighboring subsystems. The par- tial differential equations governing the motion of the sub- systems and internal boundary conditions are then solved us- ing the method of separation of variables. In the numerical analysis, the whole system is considered as a single system and the effects of the spring and point mass are introduced using the Dirac delta function. The Galerkin method is then employed to discretize the equation of motion and the result- ing set of ordinary differential equations are solved via eigen- value analysis. Analytical and numerical results are shown to be in very good agreement.
