An overview on CV2/CRMP5 antibody-associated paraneoplastic neurological syndromes

Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome refers to certain malignant tumors that have affected the distant nervous system and caused corresponding dysfunction in the absence of tumor metastasis.Patients with this syndrome produce multiple antibodies,each targeting a different antigen and causing different symptoms and signs.The CV2/collapsin response mediator protein 5(CRMP5)antibody is a major antibody of this type.It damages the nervous system,which often manifests as limbic encephalitis,chorea,ocular manifestation,cerebellar ataxia,myelopathy,and peripheral neuropathy.Detecting CV2/CRMP5 antibody is crucial for the clinical diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurological syndrome,and anti-tumor and immunological therapies can help to alleviate symptoms and improve prognosis.However,because of the low incidence of this disease,few repo rts and no reviews have been published about it so far.This article intends to review the research on CV2/CRMP5antibody-associated paraneoplastic neurological syndrome and summarize its clinical features to help clinicians comprehensively understand the disease.Additionally,this review discusses the curre nt challenges that this disease poses,and the application prospects of new detection and diagnostic techniques in the field of paraneoplastic neurological syndrom e,including CV2/CRMP5-associated paraneoplastic neurological syndrome,in recent years.

Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome caused by cystitis glandularis: A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome(PNS)is an unusual event.PNS caused by cystitis glandularis(CG)or a bladder tumor is extremely rare;hence,missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis can easily occur.To date,approximately 21 cases have been reported in PubMed.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of PNS caused by CG and describe the clinical and imaging features.The main clinical feature was advanced cognitive impairment,and early clinical features were memory impairment,decreased computational ability,and abnormal behavior.Later clinical features were dementia,vomiting,inability to eat and walk,urinary incontinence,and hematuria.Imaging features on cranial magnetic resonance imaging were diffuse white matter lesions.Paraneoplastic tumor markers were normal.A total abdominal computed tomography scan showed multiple thickened areas on the bladder wall with local prominence.Cystoscopy revealed a volcanic protuberance on the posterior wall of the bladder with a diameter of 6 cm and no pedicle.The postoperative pathological diagnosis was CG.The patient recovered well following resection of CG.PNS cases caused by previous bladder tumors can be retrieved from PubMed to describe the clinical signs and prognosis of PNS.CONCLUSION The main clinical feature of PNS caused by CG was dementia,and the imaging features were diffuse cerebral white matter lesions.Resection of CG lesions is the fundamental treatment for PNS induced by CG.This case highlights the importance of etiological treatment.

Role of F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging in the diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes(PNS) is a series of rare neurologic disorders which happen with an underlying malignancy. It has various clinical symptoms proceding to the diagnosis of tumors. Although the abnormality of anti-neuronal antibodies is suggestive of PNS and tumors, there exist many false positive and false negative cases. The diagnosis of PNS is usually a challenge in clinic. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT) imaging is an anatomical and functional fusion imaging method, which provides the whole-body information by single scan. Fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) PET/CT imaging can not only detect potential malignant lesions in the whole body, but also assess functional abnormality in the brain. In this review, the mechanism, clinical manifestation, diagnostic procedure and the recent progress of the utility of FDG PET/CT in PNS are introduced respectively.

Relapse of both small cell lung cancer and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome after a 13-year disease-free survival period

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome(LEMS) is a paraneoplastic syndrome and only 3%of small cell lung carcinoma(SCLC) patients have LEMS.Moreover,the recurrence of SCLC after a disease-free survival(DFS) of more than 10 years is rare.We report a patient who had a recurrence of both SCLC and LEMS after a 13-year DFS period.A 69-year-old man was diagnosed with LEMS and SCLC(cT0N2M0,stage ⅢA) 13 years ago.Chemoradiotherapy was performed and a complete response was achieved.With anticancer treatment,the LEMS symptoms was alleviated.At the age of 82 years,gait disturbance appeared followed by left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy and further examination revealed the recurrence of SCLC.Careful screening for the recurrence of SCLC might be needed when the patient has recurrent or secondary paraneoplastic neurological syndrome even after a long DFS period.

A Rare Case of Ovarian Cancer Presenting with Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration and Limbic Encephalitis

Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes （PNSs） occur with increased frequency in patients with cancer and almost always antedate its diagnosis.These syndromes comprise a heterogeneous group of cancer-related neurologic diseases,and they may affect any part of the nervous system.The simultaneous involvement of different areas of the nervous system by the paraneoplastic process is not unusual.Until date,this is the first report of concurrent development of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration （PCD） and paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis （PLE） associated with the advanced ovarian cancer and anti-Yo antibodies following hepatitis B （HB） vaccination.The cause of most PNS is believed to be an immune response against neuronal proteins expressed by the tumor.