Ex vivo liver resection and auto-transplantation as an alternative for the treatment of liver malignancies: Progress and challenges

Hepatectomy is still the major curative treatment for patients with liver malignancies.However,it is still a big challenge to remove the tumors in the central posterior area,especially if their location involves the retrohepatic inferior vena cava and hepatic veins.Ex vivo liver resection and auto-transplantation(ELRA),a hybrid technique of the traditional liver resection and transplantation,has brought new hope to these patients and therefore becomes a valid alternative to liver transplantation.Due to its technical difficulty,ELRA is still concentrated in a few hepatobiliary centers that have experienced surgeons in both liver resection and liver transplantation.The efficacy and safety of this technique has already been demonstrated in the treatment of benign liver diseases,especially in the advanced alveolar echinococcosis.Recently,the application of ELRA for liver malignances has gained more attention.However,standardization of clinical practice norms and international consensus are still lacking.The prognostic impact in these oncologic patients also needs further evaluation.In this review,we summarized the principles and recent progresses on ELRA.

The Condyloma Acuminatum’s Recurrence Can Be Reduced by Lesional Auto-Transplantation

Background: Condyloma acuminatum (CA), also known as a genital wart (GW), is a sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV lesions, recurrence tendency, and risk of malignant formation are primarily dependent on the person’s immunity level. GW recurrence is a major challenge in CA treatment. The aim of this study was to explore how lesional auto-transplantation (LT) can be used to treat CA and decrease its recurrence. Methods: We treated CA through the preparation and implantation of tissue from nine CA patients in our dermatology clinic. Transplantation of small pieces of HPV lesions to the subcutaneous fat of the inguinal region was carried out with the help of a simple surgical method under local anesthesia. Patients were followed up for six to eight months. We searched PubMed and the Web of Science for treatment options for CA to compare our treatment method recurrence rate with existing treatment options. Results: During three months of follow-up, seven patients experienced no recurrence of condyloma lesions, while two patients experienced recurrence of small lesions of condyloma acuminatum. The recurrence rate of CA once treated by auto-transplantation was relatively low compared to other CA treatment options. Conclusions: Transplantation of HPV lesions to the inguinal area reduces the recurrence rate in sexually active individuals. The 2/9 recurrence after implantation could be due to poor hygiene, sexual relationships or immune factors.

Parathyroidectomy restored bone mineral density in a neglected femoral neck fracture with renal osteodystrophy:A case report

BACKGROUND This case report contributes to the medical literature by highlighting the successful management of a neglected femoral neck fracture in a patient with renal osteodystrophy and secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPTH)who was on dialysis due to end-stage renal disease(ESRD).It underscores the efficacy of parathyroidectomy(PTX)in restoring bone mineral density(BMD)and promoting fracture healing,addressing a significant complication in ESRD patients.CASE SUMMARY A 36-year-old female with renal osteodystrophy and on dialysis due to ESRD presented with a history of left patellar tendon rupture and later,a right achilles tendon avulsion fracture.Persistent right hip pain led to the discovery of a neglected right femoral neck fracture,which was initially overlooked due to the patient’s complex medical history.Two months post-achilles tendon repair,the patient underwent PTX to manage the refractory SHPTH.The postoperative course included rehabilitation and weight-bearing exercises.Remarkably,2 years after osteosynthesis,radiographic assessments indicated a solid union of the periprothesis fracture and significant improvement in BMD,showcasing the efficacy of the treatment approach.CONCLUSION PTX,combined with appropriate rehabilitation,is crucial for improving BMD and fracture healing in ESRD patients with SHPTH.

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Dialysis Patients: Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Conservative Parathyroidectomy

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is frequent in dialysis patients. Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is indicated for patients who failed medical therapy. We reviewed the data from 184 dialysis patients who underwent PTX between January 2015 and January 2023. We aimed to evaluate the short and long term outcomes of PTX in dialysis patients, comparing the conservative 3/4 versus 7/8 techniques in this population.166 dialysis patients with secondary HPT were included. A conservative subtotal PTX (sPTX) 7/8 was performed in 72% of patients and sPTX 3/4 in 28% of them. Severe postoperative hypocalcaemiaocurred in 45 patients (27%). Hypocalcaemia was significantly more frequent in the sPTX 7/8 group (p = 0.012). One case of persistent HPT (0.6%) and 20 cases of recurrence (12%) were diagnosed. Recurrence was more frequent in the sPTX 3/4 group (15%). No deaths were reported during the perioperative period.

术中及围手术期血清iPTH监测对501例继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者手术效果的精准诊断研究——“Diagnostic Accuracy Study of Intraoperative and Perioperative Serum Intact PTH Level for Successful Parathyroidectomy in 501 Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Patients”的二

目的甲状旁腺切除术(parathyroidectomy,PTX)是继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者(secondary hyperparathyroidism,SHPT)的有效治疗方式,然而由于甲状旁腺位置和数目异常的存在,部分患者术后SHPT仍持续存在。本研究探讨PTX患者术中及围手术期血清全段甲状旁腺激素(intact parathyroid hormone,iPTH)监测对手术效果精准诊断的意义。方法记录501例行甲状旁腺全切+自体前臂移植术(不伴胸腺切除)的慢性肾脏病患者的术中及围手术期血清iPTH值。术后一周内患者血清iPTH≤50 pg/ml为手术成功;若>50 pg/ml则在6月内进行随访,随访血清iPTH<300 pg/mL即为手术成功,否则为SHPT持续存在。结果 433例(86.4%)患者手术成功,49例(9.8%)患者SHPT持续存在,19例(3.8%)患者缺乏有效随访归为手术效果未知组。肝炎(n=204)与非肝炎(n=297)患者比较,基线血清iPTH水平及术中血清iPTH下降百分比无显著统计学差异(P>0.05)。受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线结果表明术后20分钟血清iPTH下降≥88.9%提示手术成功(曲线下面积0.909,敏感度78.6%,特异度88.5%)。术后4天血清iPTH≥147.4 pg/ml提示SHPT持续存在(曲线下面积0.998,敏感度100%,特异度99.5%)。结论甲状旁腺切除术中血清iPTH监测能提示甲状旁腺切除是否彻底,避免对患者不必要的探查,降低手术并发症的发生率。围手术期血清iPTH监测提示SHPT是否持续存在,对此类患者需密切随访、及时开始药物治疗或必要时再次手术。

Robotic transoral vestibular parathyroidectomy:Two case reports and review of literature

Advances in preoperative localization studies and de-mands for scarless surgery have promoted the inves-tigation for remote techniques in parathyroid surgery. Transoral vestibular approach seems to provide the most comfortable and safest access to the neck. In this paper, we report our initial experience with robotic transoral ves-tibular parathyroidectomy(RTVP) in four patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The surgery was perfor-med with the Da Vinci system through three trocars intro-duced from the lower lip vestibule. The procedure was converted to open in two patients due to inappropriate preoperative localization. The mean operative time was 169 min. No postoperative complications were seen. Patients were discharged on postoperative day 1. RTVP is a feasible and safe technique, which allows better surgical exposure and manipulation of the instruments. The advantages of transoral vestibular approach can be enhanced by robotics. Further studies are needed to analyze complications and costs.

Effect of calcium supplementation on severe hypocalcemia in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism after total parathyroidectomy

BACKGROUND Severe hypocalcemia(SH)is a dreaded complication of total parathyroidectomy(TPTX)without auto-transplantation.AIM To compare conventional and preventive calcium supplementation(CS)regimens in terms of SH occurrence after TPTX.METHODS This retrospective study included patients who underwent TPTX between January 2015 and May 2018 at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital.From January 2015 to May 2016,conventional CS was performed in patients who underwent TPTX,with calcium amounts adjusted according to postoperative serum calcium levels.From October 2016 to May 2018,preventive CS was performed according to preoperative alkaline phosphatase(ALP)levels.The patients were defined as lowrisk(ALP<500 U/L)and high-risk(ALP>500 U/L)for SH.All preoperative blood samples were collected in the fasting state on the day before surgery.Postoperative blood samples were obtained at 6-7 AM from the first postoperative day.RESULTS A total of 271 patients were included.These patients were 47.7±11.1 years old,and 57.6%were male.Their mean body mass index(BMI)was 22.9±3.8 kg/m^(2).There were no significant differences in sex,age,BMI,preoperative ALP,serum calcium,serum phosphorus,calcium-phosphorus ratio,and intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH)between the two CS groups.Compared with conventional CS,preventive CS led to lower occurrence rates of hypocalcemia within 48 h(46.0%vs 74.5%,P<0.001)and SH(31.7%vs 64.1%,P<0.001).Multivariable analysis showed that preoperative iPTH levelsodds ratio(OR)=1.001,95%confidence interval(CI:1.000-1.001,P=0.009),preoperative ALP amounts(OR=1.002,95%CI:1.001-1.003,P=0.002),preoperative serum phosphorus levels(OR=8.729,95%CI:1.518-50.216,P=0.015)and preventive CS(OR=0.132,95%CI:0.067-0.261,P<0.001)were independently associated with SH.In patients with preoperative ALP≥500 U/L,only preventive CS(OR=0.147,95%CI:0.038-0.562.P=0.005)was independently associated with SH.CONCLUSION This study suggests that preventive CS could reduce the occurrence of SH,indicating its critical value for hypocalcemia after TPTX.

Experience with Post Transplant Parathyroidectomy in Gulf Region and Literature Review

Sustained elevation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels is not uncommon post renal transplantation. Though in the majority of patients, it gradually normalizes, on average 5% of transplanted patients require parathyroidectomy (PTX). However, PTX itself has been associated with deterioration in allograft function and even completes graft loss seen with both total and subtotal PTX as well as an increased rate of acute rejection. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of post transplant partial PTX on allograft function in our patients as well as the incidence of acute rejection. Our results show that post transplantation, subtotal PTX, was successful in achieving metabolic control while preserving graft function without an increased incidence of acute rejection. Retention of sufficient residual parathyroid tissue with partial PTX might account for favorable outcome in our study. Despite this, surgery for advanced hyperparathyroidism should optimally take place in the pre-transplant period.

Parathyroidectomy in Chronic Haemodialysis in the Nephrology and Haemodialysis Department at the University Hospital Center of Point G in Bamako, Mali

Introduction: Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a common complication in chronic hemodialysis patients. It is characterized by hypersecretion of parathormone by the parathyroid glands to maintain phosphocalcium homeostasis in response to hypocalcemia, lowering of 1.25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 and hyperphosphatemia. Objective: To analyze the results of parathyroidectomy (PTX) in cases of secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPTS), report the post-operative course and early and late complications. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of ten (10) patients with chronic renal failure operated on at the CHU of Point G over a 32-month period, from January 1, 2016 to August 31, 2019. We analyzed the clinical, biological, radiological and histological parameters of the thyroid glands. Results: We have collected 33 cases of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Ten (10) patients met the inclusion criteria. They were 45 years old on average, seven (7) women and three (3) men, in dialysis for an average of 6.8 years before parathyroidectomy. Half of the initial kidney disease was of vascular origin (HTA). No cases of diabetic nephropathy were identified. Symptoms were in order of frequency: bone pain (60%), paresthesia (50%), functional impotence of the lower limbs (50%). Radiological signs included demineralisation (5 out of 6 cases) and brown tumour associated with a fracture (1 out of 6 cases). The most frequent indication for parathyroidectomy (100%) was persistence despite treatment of a serum PTH concentration above 1000 pg/ml. Subtotal PTX (7/8) was performed after cervical ultrasound in all patients. Histological analysis of the parathyroid glands showed adenoma (60%) and hyperplasia in 40% of cases. The evolution was marked by a progressive reduction of the parathormone level over twelve (12) months, without achieving normalization. This could be related to sub-dialysis (generator failure with reduction of dialysis time). There were no cases of complications or mortality. Conclusion: Parathyroidectomy is an effective treatment to curb hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone. Despite this satisfactory result, the management of phosphocalcic abnormalities in renal failure remains an ongoing concern.

Minimally Invasive Mediastinal Parathyroidectomy: An Effective and Safe Technique in Patients with Ectopic Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism is a disease commonly caused by a single parathyroid adenoma in 80% - 85% of cases, and is less frequently caused by parathyroid hyperplasia. In approximately 2% of cases, the ectopic parathyroid adenoma is located within the mediastinum. Safely targeted parathyroidectomy is the gold standard procedure for surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism. We reviewed our surgical experience using video-assisted thoracic surgery and a robotic technique for surgical resection of mediastinal parathyroid adenoma, caused by primary hyperparathyroidism. Materials and Methods: From July 2010 to September 2016, six consecutive patients with symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism were evaluated with neck ultrasound computed tomography (CT), technetium-99 sestamibi scintigraphy, and selective venous sampling with a measurement of parathyroid hormone levels. Four patients underwent video-assisted thoracic parathyroidectomy and two patients had robotic-assisted parathyroidectomy. Results:? In six patients, there were four women and two men with a mean age of 47.5 years (ranging from 31 - 60 years). The mediastinal parathyroid adenomas were successfully localized by preoperative imaging studies in five patients. Only in one patient, we were unable to localize the parathyroid adenoma. All parathyroid adenomas were successfully resected without any complications. Conclusions: We found that minimally invasive mediastinal parathyroidectomy is promising, safe, and effective in a selected group of patients, as well as providing superior cosmetic results and a short hospital stay.

Bilateral superficial cervical plexus block for parathyroidectomy during pregnancy:A case report

BACKGROUND Primary hyperparathyroidism(PHPT)is the most common cause of pregnancyrelated hypercalcemia.PHPT can cause maternal and fetal complications in pregnant women.General anesthesia for non-obstetric surgery in pregnant women is associated with maternal hazards and concerns regarding long-term neonatal neurocognitive effects.Surgical removal of the lesion in mid-pregnancy is currently the primary treatment option for pregnant patients with PHPT.However,the blood calcium concentration at which surgery should be considered remains under discussion due to the risk of miscarriage.CASE SUMMARY A 31-year-old nulliparous woman at 11 wk of gestation was admitted to our hospital for parathyroidectomy.The patient had a history of intrauterine fetal death with unknown etiology at 16 wk of gestation 1 year prior.Her blood test results showed that the serum calcium level was elevated to 12.9 mg/dL,and the parathyroid hormone level was elevated to 157 pg/mL.In a neck ultrasound,it revealed a 0.8 cm×1.5 cm sized oval,hypoechoic mass in the upper posterior of the left thyroid gland,which was compatible with parathyroid adenoma.Superficial cervical plexus block(SCPB)for parathyroidectomy was performed.After surgery,the obstetrician checked the status of the fetus,and there were no abnormal signs.Since then her calcium level returned to normal values after one week of surgery and a healthy male neonate of 2910 g was delivered vaginally at 38 wk of gestation.CONCLUSION Our case suggests that SCPB can be an anesthetic option for parathyroidectomy during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Long-Term Efficacy of Parathyroidectomy onHyperparathyroid Bone Disease

This is a retrospective analysis of long-term efficacy of parathyroidectomy on hyperparathyroid bone disease. The clinical manifestations, bone structure, and bone mineral density in 16 patients averaged 5.1 (1. 0-10. 5) years after parathyroidectomy were assessed. The results showed that although the bone disease could be markedly relieved after surgery, yet at terminal point of follow-up, 10/16 cases (62. 5% ) got incomplete recovery of bone disease, the ratio of incomplete recovery in Y1 group with severe bone disease was higher than that of Y2 group with mild bone disease (P <0. 05). The concentrations of serum BGP and morning void urine pyridinoline were within the refer ence ranges of young and middle aged controls. These imply that the osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities had reached a balancing state. The results suggested that hyperparathyroid patients should be operated on as early as possible, and intensively followed up after operation. subsequent therapy should be given to patients with incomplete recovery of bone disease.

Surgical Treatment of Hyperparathyroidism Secondary to Chronic Renal Failure: Our Experience with the 7/8 Subtotal Parathyroidectomy Technique

Introduction: Surgical management takes place, after a certain period of evolution, on particularly severe forms of secondary hyperparathyroidism, resistant to medical treatment. Subtotal parathyroidectomy is an effective technique in the treatment of these disorders. Method: Our study is retrospective of 33 cases of hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure in dialysis patients operated by the 7/8 technique. Identified over a period of 10 years (January 2010 to December 2019), in the ENT department of the Fann University Hospital. Results: Out of 33 cases of secondary hyperparathyroidism, the average age of our patients was 51.24 years with a sex ratio of 0.43. Causal nephropathy was dominated by nephro-angiosclerosis, which was found in 27.27% of cases. Bone pain found in 23 patients or 69.69% was the predominant clinical sign. The average calcemia was 92.7 mg/l. Parathormone was dosed in all our patients and the average was 1611.05 ng/l. The consequences were clinically marked by recurrent paresis in one patient. No case of hematoma or postoperative infection was found. On the biological level 10 patients or 30.30% had a transient hypocalcaemia. The results were marked by a drop in PTH in 23 patients or 78.78% of cases. Conclusion: Subtotal parathyroidectomy remains an effective and beneficial therapeutic method for kidney failure patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

甲状旁腺全切+自体移植术对肾性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者骨密度的影响

目的观察甲状旁腺全切+自体移植术(total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation,tPTx+AT)对继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(secondary hyperparathyroidism,SHPT)患者骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)及血清可溶性Klotho(soluble Klotho,sKlotho)蛋白的影响。方法选取自2019年6月至2022年5月于安徽医科大学第二附属医院行tPTx+AT患者86例,收集患者术前人口学特征,术前及术后第5天、术后1个月、术后3个月、术后6个月、术后12个月及术后24个月的血清校正钙、磷、全段甲状旁腺激素(intact parathyroid hormone,iPTH)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、成纤维细胞生长因子23(fibroblast growth factor 23,FGF23)及sKlotho蛋白,双能X线吸收法测量术前及术后(3个月、6个月、12个月及24个月)腰椎L1-L4骨密度。观察tPTx+AT术前及术后FGF23、sKlotho蛋白及骨密度的变化。结果86例患者均手术成功,术后临床症状如骨痛、皮肤瘙痒等明显改善;术后血钙、磷、iPTH、ALP及FGF23较术前均明显下降。血sKlotho在术后第5天时较术前显著下降,术后1个月时sKlotho水平较术前升高约24.5%,此后sKlotho趋于稳定。术后腰椎L1-L4骨密度增加,至术后12个月最高。进一步分析显示,透析龄、SHPT持续时间、ALP、iPTH及FGF23与术前腰椎L1-L4 Z值呈负相关,sKlotho与术前腰椎L1-L4 Z值呈正相关。结论tPTx+AT可显著改善SHPT患者临床症状,调节钙磷代谢平衡,增加sKlotho、降低FGF23水平,是提高骨密度的有效治疗手段。

颈侧方入路手术在治疗原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症中的临床研究

目的探讨颈侧方切口经胸锁乳突肌肌间入路手术(SMIA)在治疗原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症中的可行性及其临床效果。方法回顾性分析2019年1月-2022年6月浙江大学医学院附属第一医院行单侧甲状旁腺手术的64例原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者的临床资料,根据手术切口及入路分为颈侧方切口SMIA组及正中切口颈白线入路组(LACA组)。比较两组间临床特征、手术相关结果及术后颈前区功能的差异。采用EQ-5D-5L量表评估术后颈部不适主观感受,Hollander伤口评估量表评定切口愈合情况。结果两组患者在年龄、性别、术中出血、手术前后甲状旁腺激素及血钙水平等方面均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。SMIA组平均手术时间[(39.77±5.69)min]明显少于LACA组[(54.41±4.66)min]。术后1月及12月,两组在颈前区功能保护方面有统计学差异(1月:84.67±3.74 vs.79.47±5.38,P<0.001;12月:93.80±2.52 vs.89.94±2.39,P<0.001),且SMIA组均优于LACA组;SMIA组术后6月及12月的Hollander切口评估量表得分优于LACA组,差异有统计学意义(6月:1.93±0.58 vs.2.41±0.66,P=0.003;12月:1.03±0.67 vs.1.74±0.62,P<0.001)。结论颈侧方切口经胸锁乳突肌肌间入路行甲状旁腺切除是简便、安全及有效的手术方式,较于传统切口更易寻找甲状旁腺病变,缩短手术时间,且对颈前区功能保护的作用优势明显。

维持性血液透析患者甲状旁腺切除术后早期骨饥饿综合征风险预测模型的构建与验证

目的:甲状旁腺切除术(parathyroidectomy,PTX)是治疗难治性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(secondary hyperparathyroidism,SHPT)的有效方法,但PTX后极易出现骨饥饿综合征(hungry bone syndrome,HBS),严重威胁维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者的生命健康。目前已有研究分析PTX后并发HBS的风险因素,但风险预测模型的预测性能和临床适用性仍待进一步验证。本研究旨在构建MHD伴SHPT患者PTX后并发HBS的风险预测模型,并验证其预测效果。方法:回顾性收集2020年1月至2021年12月在长沙捷奥肾病医院行PTX的MHD伴SHPT的368例患者为训练集,按照是否发生HBS分为HBS组和non-HBS组,对2组的一般资料、手术相关信息、生化指标等进行比较,应用多因素logistic回归筛选HBS的影响因素,建立风险预测模型。采用受试者操作特征(receiver operator characteristic,ROC)曲线、决策曲线、校准曲线对模型进行评价。收集2022年1至12月在中南大学湘雅三医院行PTX的MHD伴SHPT的170例患者为验证集进行外部验证。结果:MHD伴SHPT患者PTX后HBS发生率为60.60%,logistic回归分析结果显示:术前骨骼受累(OR=3.908,95%CI 2.179~7.171)、术前血钙(OR=7.174,95%CI 2.291~24.015)、术前全段甲状旁腺激素(intact parathyroid hormone,i PTH)(OR=1.001,95%CI 1.001~1.001)、术前碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)(OR=1.001,95%CI 1.000~1.001)、术后第1天血钙(OR=0.006,95%CI0.001~0.038)是MHD患者伴SHPT行PTX后并发HBS的独立危险因素(均P<0.01)。构建的风险预测模型在内部训练集和外部验证集中均表现出良好的预测结果,内部验证集的准确度为0.821,灵敏度为0.890,特异度为0.776,约登指数为0.666,曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.882(95%CI 0.845~0.919);外部验证集的准确度为0.800,灵敏度为0.806,特异度为0.799,约登指数为0.605,AUC为0.863(95%CI 0.795~0.932)。结论:术前骨骼受累、术前血钙、术前iPTH、术前ALP、术后第1天血钙水平是MHD伴SHPT患者行PTX后并发HBS的影响因素,基于上述因素构建的风险预测模型可靠。

自体荧光基点光谱联合胶体金检测异位微小旁腺指导继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进手术的疗效

目的评估术中以自体荧光基点光谱分析(AFPSA)联合免疫胶体金法(ICGT)检测颈中央区异位甲状旁腺组织指导甲状旁腺全切术(TPTX)或廓清术(CPTX)治疗继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(SHPT)的效果。方法回顾性收集并对比2019年10月至2023年6月的64例SHPT患者的临床数据,36例观察组先行TPTX术,于颈中央区用AFPSA测得可疑目标取样再以ICGT检测,若为阳性的再行CPTX术;28例对照组术中未经特殊检测而仅行TPTX术。对比两组患者的手术资料、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、临床症状转归、甲状旁腺功能变化及低钙血症发生情况等。结果观察组AFPSA-ICGT阳性者9例,其中左2例,右4例,胸腺3例;9例阳性中有轻度增生或未增生微小旁腺10处。两组在切除含异位在内的总旁腺数上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的ALP低于对照组,在术后3个月(P<0.01)和术后6个月(P<0.001)差异有统计学意义;在术后6个月,PTH低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),血磷低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。对照组部分患者术后6个月关节骨痛和皮肤瘙痒再发(P<0.05)。观察组SHPT复发情况优于对照组(P<0.05);而术后甲状旁腺功能减退或亢进及低钙情况的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论以AFPSA-ICGT术中检测指导SHPT手术,可精准高效地识别并安全靶向地清除颈中央区内未明显增生的甲状旁腺组织,对改善预后效果显著。

继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进病人甲状旁腺全切+胸腺舌叶切除+前臂皮下种植法应用效果及经济效益分析

目的分析继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(SHPT)病人甲状旁腺全切(TPTX)+前臂皮下种植(AT)+胸腺舌叶切除的应用效果及经济效益。方法分析2018年3月~2021年1月于本院接受治疗的SHPT病人110例,按不同治疗方案分为药物组(50例,接受西那卡塞联合小剂量骨化三醇),手术组(60例,采取TPTX+AT+胸腺舌叶切除)。对比两组治疗前、治疗24个月后的生化指标、心脏结构与功能、临床症状与生活质量,并统计两组并发症、成本效益、24个月复发率。结果手术组治疗后24个月血清iPTH[(206.45±152.59)pg/ml]、钙[(2.05±0.26)mmol/L]、磷[(1.48±0.21)mmol/L]、钙磷乘积(3.02±0.69)、ALP水平[(102.03±30.25)U/L]均低于药物组[(721.32±325.36)pg/ml、(2.22±0.18)mmol/L、(1.91±0.22)mmol/L、(4.22±0.74)、(140.62±27.15)U/L](P<0.05);手术组治疗后24个月LVEF[(60.85±4.02)%]高于药物组[(55.58±3.84)%],LVED[(48.03±2.58)mm]、LVST[(9.85±0.76)mm]低于药物组[(51.02±3.65)mm、(11.12±0.86)mm](P<0.05);手术组治疗后24个月骨痛、皮肤瘙痒、不宁腿综合征评分比药物组低,KDTA评分比药物组高(P<0.05);手术组治疗总费用[(4.06±1.42)万元]相比药物组[(3.46±1.85)万元],差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);手术组iPTH下降有效率为90.00%(54/60),高于药物组的48.00%(24/50)(P<0.05);成本效果分析发现,药物组、手术组CER分别为7.21、4.51,手术治疗更具成本效果优势;增量成本效果分析显示,相比药物组,手术组用于治疗SHPT每多有效治疗1例病人相对需增加1.48万元成本;手术组、药物组并发症发生率(13.33%VS 12.00%)、治疗后24个月复发率(8.33%VS 4.00%)对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论TPTX+AT+胸腺舌叶切除术可减轻SHPT病人骨痛,降低iPTH水平,纠正钙磷代谢紊乱,改善心脏功能与结构,提高生活质量,且成本效益高于药物治疗。

维持性血液透析继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症采用不同手术方法治疗的效果

目的:探讨维持性血液透析继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者单纯采用甲状旁腺全切术及联合自体前臂移植术治疗效果,并分析不同手术方法对患者颈动脉粥样硬化、运动功能的影响。方法:选取辽宁省健康产业集团本钢总医院2019年9月—2023年9月收治的维持性血液透析继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者76例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和试验组,各38例。对照组行甲状旁腺全切术治疗,试验组行甲状旁腺全切术+自体前臂移植术治疗。观察两组生化指标[甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、磷(P)、钙(Ca)]、颈动脉粥样硬化指标[颈动脉中层厚度(IMT)、收缩期血流峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期血流峰值流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)]、运动功能指标[手握力、6 min步行距离(6MWD)]变化情况,并对比两组并发症发生率。结果:术后3个月,试验组PTH、P、Ca水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3个月,试验组IMT、PSV、EDV、RI水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3个月,试验组手握力、6MWD水平均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:相较于单纯甲状旁腺全切术,甲状旁腺全切联合自体前臂移植术在维持性血液透析继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症治疗中,更有利于改善生化指标,减轻颈动脉粥样硬化,改善患者运动功能,且联合术式不增加并发症发生率。

继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者甲状旁腺切除术后高钾血症的影响因素及其风险预测模型

目的:探究继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(SHPT)患者甲状旁腺切除术(PTX)后发生高钾血症的危险因素,并构建其风险预测模型。方法:本研究纳入2015—2021年在广东省人民医院行PTX的透析患者,根据术后血钾情况将患者分为高钾血症组(>5.3 mmol/L)和非高钾血症组(≤5.3 mmol/L)。比较两组患者的临床资料,采用Logistic回归分析探讨SHPT患者PTX后高钾血症的影响因素,并通过绘制受试者工作特征曲线、校准曲线、决策曲线评价模型的区分度、校准度及有效性。结果:共纳入392例患者,高钾血症组98例(25%),非高钾血症组294例(75%)。通过多因素Logistic回归分析,血液透析、术前血钾、术前血清白蛋白(Alb)、血尿素氮(BVN)/血清肌酐(SCr)均为术后高钾血症的预测因素(P<0.05)。纳入经多因素Logistic回归分析筛选的预测因素建立风险预测模型,ROC曲线显示该模型的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.747,通过Bootstrap方法重复抽样1000次对预测模型进行内部验证确认,内部验证AUC为0.733。Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验结果P=0.723,校正曲线与理想曲线显示出良好的一致性。绘制的临床决策曲线(DCA)结果显示,在阈值概率范围0.06~0.60内模型具有临床效用。结论:血液透析、术前血钾、术前Alb及术前BUN/SCr均为PTX后高钾血症的预测因素,建立的预测模型具有较好的预测能力。