Objective To study the problems of pharmaceutical care in retail pharmacies and provide reference for the standardized development of pharmaceutical care in China.Methods Based on the literature of CNKI database,Paret...Objective To study the problems of pharmaceutical care in retail pharmacies and provide reference for the standardized development of pharmaceutical care in China.Methods Based on the literature of CNKI database,Pareto analysis was used to study the present situation of pharmaceutical care in retail pharmacies.Then the following problems in pharmaceutical care were found such as low personnel professional quality,inadequate attention,imperfect laws and regulations,and lack of standard service process.As to the first three problems,there were more research references.But there was less literature on the standard care process.Results and Conclusion Focusing on the customer demand,taking drug sales process as the basic framework of pharmaceutical care standardized process,and combining with the collaboration,the service process including prescription drugs review and OTC drugs purchase consultation is established.This process elaborates the division of staff services as well as the service standards in pre-sale,on-sale,and after-sale stages.Besides,it also puts forward some advice for the previous three problems,which will ensure the smooth implementation of pharmaceutical care in drugstores.展开更多
Photovoltaic(PV)inverter-based volt/var control(VVC)is highly promising to tackle the emerging voltage regulation challenges brought by increasing PV penetration.However,PV inverter operational reliability has arisen ...Photovoltaic(PV)inverter-based volt/var control(VVC)is highly promising to tackle the emerging voltage regulation challenges brought by increasing PV penetration.However,PV inverter operational reliability has arisen as a critical concern for practical VVC implementation.This paper proposes a new PV inverter based VVC optimization model and a Pareto front analysis method for maintaining a satisfactory inverter lifetime.First,reliability of the vulnerable DC-link capacitor inside a PV inverter is analyzed,and long-term VVC impact on inverter operational reliability is identified.Second,a multi-objective PV inverter based VVC optimization model is proposed for minimizing both inverter apparent power output and network power loss with a weighting factor.Third,a Pareto front analysis method is developed to visualize the impact of the weighting factor on VVC performance and inverter reliability,thus determining the effective weighting factor to reduce network power loss with expected inverter lifetime.Effectiveness of the proposed VVC optimization model and Pareto front analysis method are verified in a case study.展开更多
In this study,2~5 （five factors at two-level factorial design） design of experiment was applied to investigate a set of optimal machining parameters to achieve a minimum surface roughness value for Abies nordmannian...In this study,2~5 （five factors at two-level factorial design） design of experiment was applied to investigate a set of optimal machining parameters to achieve a minimum surface roughness value for Abies nordmanniana.Wood specimens were prepared using different values of spindle speed,feed rate,depth of cut,tool radius,and cutting directions.Average surface roughness （R_z） values were applied using a stylus.The objectives were to：（1）obtain the effective variables of wood surface roughness;（2） analyze which of these factors had an impact on variability in the CNC machining process;（3） evaluate the optimal cutting values within the range of different cutting levels of machining parameters.The results indicate that the design of experiment（DOE） based on the desirability function approach determined the optimal machining parameters successfully,leading to minimum R_a compared to the observed value.Minimum surface roughness values of tangential and radial cutting directions were 3.58 and 3.21 μm,respectively.展开更多
文摘Objective To study the problems of pharmaceutical care in retail pharmacies and provide reference for the standardized development of pharmaceutical care in China.Methods Based on the literature of CNKI database,Pareto analysis was used to study the present situation of pharmaceutical care in retail pharmacies.Then the following problems in pharmaceutical care were found such as low personnel professional quality,inadequate attention,imperfect laws and regulations,and lack of standard service process.As to the first three problems,there were more research references.But there was less literature on the standard care process.Results and Conclusion Focusing on the customer demand,taking drug sales process as the basic framework of pharmaceutical care standardized process,and combining with the collaboration,the service process including prescription drugs review and OTC drugs purchase consultation is established.This process elaborates the division of staff services as well as the service standards in pre-sale,on-sale,and after-sale stages.Besides,it also puts forward some advice for the previous three problems,which will ensure the smooth implementation of pharmaceutical care in drugstores.
基金This work was supported in part by NTU Grant No.021542-00001in part by Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship。
文摘Photovoltaic(PV)inverter-based volt/var control(VVC)is highly promising to tackle the emerging voltage regulation challenges brought by increasing PV penetration.However,PV inverter operational reliability has arisen as a critical concern for practical VVC implementation.This paper proposes a new PV inverter based VVC optimization model and a Pareto front analysis method for maintaining a satisfactory inverter lifetime.First,reliability of the vulnerable DC-link capacitor inside a PV inverter is analyzed,and long-term VVC impact on inverter operational reliability is identified.Second,a multi-objective PV inverter based VVC optimization model is proposed for minimizing both inverter apparent power output and network power loss with a weighting factor.Third,a Pareto front analysis method is developed to visualize the impact of the weighting factor on VVC performance and inverter reliability,thus determining the effective weighting factor to reduce network power loss with expected inverter lifetime.Effectiveness of the proposed VVC optimization model and Pareto front analysis method are verified in a case study.
基金performed in the laboratuary of Istanbul University,Faculty of Forestry where the authors are employed at present
文摘In this study,2~5 （five factors at two-level factorial design） design of experiment was applied to investigate a set of optimal machining parameters to achieve a minimum surface roughness value for Abies nordmanniana.Wood specimens were prepared using different values of spindle speed,feed rate,depth of cut,tool radius,and cutting directions.Average surface roughness （R_z） values were applied using a stylus.The objectives were to：（1）obtain the effective variables of wood surface roughness;（2） analyze which of these factors had an impact on variability in the CNC machining process;（3） evaluate the optimal cutting values within the range of different cutting levels of machining parameters.The results indicate that the design of experiment（DOE） based on the desirability function approach determined the optimal machining parameters successfully,leading to minimum R_a compared to the observed value.Minimum surface roughness values of tangential and radial cutting directions were 3.58 and 3.21 μm,respectively.
