Application of Connected Truck Data to Evaluate Spatiotemporal Impact of Rest Area Closures on Ramp Parking

Ensuring adequate access to truck parking is critical to the safe and efficient movement of freight traffic. There are strict federal guidelines for commercial truck driver rest periods. Rest areas and private truck stops are the only places for the trucks to stop legally and safely. In locations without sufficient parking areas, trucks often park on interstate ramps, which create safety risks for other interstate motorists. Historically, agencies have employed costly and time intensive manual counting methods, camera surveillance, and driver surveys to assess truck parking. Connected truck data, available in near real-time, offers an efficient alternative to practitioners to assess truck parking patterns and identify areas where there may be insufficient safe parking spaces. This paper presents a case study of interstate I-70 in east central Indiana and documents the observed spatiotemporal impacts of a rest area closure on truck parking on nearby interstate ramps. Results showed that there was a 28% increase in parking on ramps during the rest area closure. Analysis also found that ramps closest to the rest area were most impacted by the closure, seeing a rise in truck parking sessions as high as 2.7 times. Parking duration on the ramps during rest area closure also increased drastically. Although it was expected that this would result in increased parking by trucks on adjacent ramps, this before, during, after scenario provided an ideal scenario to evaluate the robustness of these techniques to assess changing parking characteristics of long-haul commercial trucks. The data analytics and visualization tools presented in this study are scalable nationwide and will aid stakeholders in informed data-driven decision making when allocating resources towards improving the nations commercial vehicle parking infrastructure.

Assessing Human-Wildlife Conflict in the Periphery of Loango National Park in Gabon

Human-Wildlife Conflict in Gabon is a reality occurring in almost all protected areas in the country. These conflicts create real threats both for the survival of wildlife species and of human beings. This study was carried out at the periphery of Loango National Park in Gabon. This area is particular of seeing elephants wandering around villages. Respondents for the study were drawn from a wide range of stakeholders (State administrators, farmers and NGOs). Data was collected through administration of structured questionnaires and interview guide on the;socio-economic activities. Crops produced/destroyed. Animals are involved and economic loss is incurred due to conflicts. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16 and Kobo tool box. For qualitative data chi-square, descriptive statistic and linear regression model were also used. The results of the study showed that the elephants account for (60.1%) of crop destroyed followed by Ungulates (30.4%) and lastly by rodents (0.9%). The economic damage caused by the wildlife to crops valued at 72,084 USD in the zone in 2022. An urgent solution to this conflict is needed because the consequences are visible as well as the illegal repression by communities that have led to poisoning and killing of wildlife in the study area.

GIS-Based Landscape Planning of Urban Parks in Mountainous Areas——Using Aoshan Park of Jianyang City as a Case Study

The concept,characteristics and features of park in mountainous areas as well as the significance of its planning were introduced in this study.Taking Aoshan Park in Jianyang City for an example,this study started from general situation of the project site and the base,carried out the single-factor analysis with the help of GIS,built a DEM (Digital Elevation Model) by using AutoCAD,and then formed a spatial database for analyzing the elevation,slope and aspect of landforms in Aoshan Park,finally obtained the overall planning strategy for such complicated landforms,that is,a modern urban park in mountainous areas with excellent ecological and social benefits.By elaborating detailed landscape planning of Aoshan Park,including planning concept,spatial sequence of landscapes,organization of roads and scenic routes,the expectation of taking such urban parks into the urban green space system was proposed.

Research on Vegetation Recovery of Mountainous Parks in City-and-town Concentration Areas in China

Based on the analysis of features and problems of green lands in mountainous parks in towns concentration areas,the paper has illustrated the significance for vegetations'recovery.By taking Tashan Park in Neijiang City for example,it has investigated the eco-environment and vegetations of this park.The results show that its terrain is precipitous,eco-environment is weak,slope vegetation is less,rocks'exposing rate is high and community structure is simple.In view of the survey results,it has proposed two methods for vegetation recovery that are natural recovery and artificial recovery.In particular,it has explored how to conduct vegetation recovery on green lands of different gradients of slopes by using plants'selection and community disposition.

Investigation Report on the Development Status of Creative Industry Park in Pudong New Area, Shanghai

As the core of the Yangtze River Delta cultural and creative industrial cluster, Shanghai regards the development of cultural and creative industrial clusters as an important measure for promoting a new round of economic development and building advanced culture. With its long-standing cultural heritage and forward-looking development vision, Shanghai has created a lot of cultural and creative parks. At present, these industrial clusters have begun to take shape, forming a certain concentration of creative design. In this investigation, we focused on the investigation of the creative industrial park in the Pudong New Area. We found several typical cases of good development in Beijing, Hangzhou and other old districts in Pudong New Area. Through these successful and typical investigations, we will gain effective experience in property fights protection, institutional design, government supervision, service enhancement, etc., in addition to providing advice on intellectual property rights for the three-in-one bureaus that are exploring ways of working, and also related to The management department provided suggestions from other relevant parties and worked together to contribute to the creation of the Shanghai ＂International Creative Industry Center＂ program.

国家文化公园主体功能区识别路径构建——以长江国家文化公园湖北段为例的实证研究

国家文化公园是国家公园建设模式的重要创新,其主体功能区划定是落实总体建设要求、保障基础工程有效实施的重要基础,但目前仍存在识别路径、技术方法模糊不清的问题。尝试在解读主体功能区内涵的基础上,以系统耦合思维构建“文化生态双维度耦合-保护利用双象限评价-空间功能四分区重构”的主体功能区识别路径,对长江国家文化公园的湖北段进行实证研究。结果表明,主体功能区呈现出以提供基础条件的管控保护区为基底、以文化引领的主题展示区为核心、以文旅融合区和传统利用区为外延圈层的空间分布特征,与大运河国家文化公园主体功能区布局模式相符。期望在丰富国家文化公园理论研究的同时,助力长江国家文化公园的科学布局与规划编制。

结合载客热点和POI的出租车停车位划定方法

针对出租车随意停靠造成城市交通拥堵甚至交通事故的问题,利用成都实际区域的出租车GPS(Global Position System)数据和爬取的POI(Point of Interest)数据,使用DBSCAN(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise)聚类算法对上下客点进行聚类,得到出租车的载客热点,根据POI的类型划定载客热点区域的类型,对出租车不同时间的出行需求进行分析,进而划分出出租车的固定停车区域。研究结果表明,出租车固定停车区域的设定与出行者的出行需求有关,即将固定停车区域设置在出行者出行需求多的区域,可以满足出行者的不同出行需求。结合出租车载客热点和爬取POI数据划定固定停车区域的方法具有较高的实用性,可为城市交通安全方面提供理论和现实意义。

干旱半干旱地区城市公园绿地空气负离子浓度特征及影响因素

为研究干旱半干旱地区城市公园绿地空气负离子浓度(NAIC)特征及影响因素,以呼和浩特市敕勒川公园为对象,于2020—2021年,每个季节选取晴天、晴间多云为主的天气各10 d,同步监测07:00—19:00时段,5种不同结构绿地(乔草型、乔灌型、乔木型、灌草型、乔灌草型)及对照区(CK)空气负离子浓度及PM10、PM2.5、温度、湿度、风速、大气压强、噪声等环境指标。结果表明:不同结构绿地空气负离子浓度季节日变化有所差异;同一季节,复杂结构绿地空气负离子浓度均值较高,不同结构绿地之间空气负离子浓度均值差异不显著;同一结构绿地,夏、秋季空气负离子浓度均值显著高于春、冬季;不同结构绿地空气清洁度夏、秋季较高,空气清洁度评价指数均值分别为0.58~0.78、0.52~0.80。绿地结构、季节对空气负离子浓度影响为主效应,绿地结构×季节对空气负离子浓度交互作用不显著;除此之外,相对湿度、PM10、PM2.5是影响空气负离子浓度的主要因素。

国土空间规划视域下国家公园适宜范围识别研究——以拟建洞庭湖国家公园为例

国家公园范围边界是平衡社会经济发展和生态保护的重要界线,作为国家公园设立的基础,范围识别是关系国家公园规划和建设管理能否顺利实施的先决条件,是其保护对象和管理目标的最直接体现。为科学识别国家公园范围,提出一套基于对生态系统原真性、生态系统完整性和管理可操作多重考虑的范围识别方法,并以拟建洞庭湖国家公园为例进行实证分析。研究结果表明:(1)选取生态系统原真性、生态系统完整性和可操作性三方面指标构建评价指标体系,进行叠加分析,识别国家公园范围,弥补了国家公园范围识别生态保护导向单一的不足。(2)研究区内生态系统原真性区域面积不大,仅1 165.46 km~2;维持了较好的生态系统完整性,完整性指数平均值为0.45;可操作性评价结果显示国家权属且属保护地所在空间的可行性指数较高。(3)洞庭湖国家公园适宜划定范围为2 145.7 km~2,包括了东洞庭湖、西洞庭湖和南洞庭湖三大片区,其中核心保护区205.8 km~2。可尝试动态评估自然生态系统原真性和完整性,并将国家公园纳入更大的保护地网络,为国家公园的创建和管护提供理论及实践借鉴。

城市蓄滞洪区生态水景公园概念规划及景观节点详细设计:以宋庄蓄洪生态水景公园为例

宋庄蓄滞洪区是北京城市副中心防洪格局通州堰中的重要组成部分,其防洪功能至关重要。为了使蓄滞洪区既满足汛期防洪调蓄的作用,降低洪水对周边地区的影响,保障市民的生命财产安全,又满足市民非汛期生态休闲目的,以宋庄蓄洪生态水景公园为例,结合现状条件和洪水的启示,打破原有水绿界限,提出全新的设计理念,重视前期规划设计,通过融合多种功能、塑造立体空间、打造技术亮点等方法与水系串联、土方平衡、湿地净化、绿化种植等措施相结合,构建绿色、生态、健康的开放式生态水景公园——宋庄沁园,实现宋庄蓄洪区的综合利用。以生态水景的形态与东郊森林公园、温榆河河堤自然串联为一个整体,保障副中心的防洪安全,提高蓄洪调度能力,有效降低洪水风险,提升周边生态环境,满足市民观景、休闲、健身等活动需求,充分展示水生态、水文化、水技术等科普知识,成为副中心“通州堰”生态水景观体系的点睛之笔。

祁连山国家公园肃南片区生态敏感性评价

生态敏感性评价是反映国家公园生态问题与保护利用关系的重要手段,对国家公园规划建设具有一定的理论和实践指导意义。文章以祁连山国家公园肃南片区为例,基于现存主要生态问题,采用层次分析法(AHP)确定评价因子权重,并运用ArcGIS空间分析方法完成了肃南片区的生态敏感性综合评价。结果表明,祁连山国家公园肃南片区的综合生态敏感性总体处于中等偏高的水平,中等敏感性以上地区占总面积的78.90%;空间分布呈现由东北至西南逐渐增加的趋势。根据祁连山国家公园肃南片区综合生态敏感性评价结果,针对不同敏感性级别的区域提出了差异化的保护管理模式。

昆仑山国家公园青海片区评估区种子植物区系研究

【目的】从物种代表性和多样性方面为拟创建的昆仑山国家公园青海片区评估区的植物多样性保护、植物资源利用与管理提供基础科学数据。【方法】研究在野外调查基础上,结合历史数据及文献资料,梳理评估区种子植物名录,分析评估区种子植物区系的组成、优势类群、地理成分及珍稀濒危物种。【结果】(1)昆仑山国家公园青海片区评估区共有种子植物46科146属384种,裸子植物3科3属5种,被子植物43科143属379种;苋科(Amaranthaceae)、菊科(Asteraceae)、豆科(Fabaceae)和禾本科(Poaceae)4科在评估区种子植物区系中占重要地位,单种科和寡种科构成科的主体。(2)评估区种子植物科、属优势现象明显,优势科有8科,优势属有36属,具10种以上的大属有黄芪属(Astragalus)、棘豆属(Oxytropis)、蒿属(Artemisia)、风毛菊属(Saussurea)、早熟禾属(Poa)、薹草属(Carex)6属,单种属和小属构成属的主体。(3)评估区种子植物科的分布区类型以世界分布为主,同时呈现出温带性质,属的分布区类型以温带分布为主,与劳亚古陆有紧密联系。(4)评估区有4种国家二级重点保护野生植物,8种青海省重点保护植物,6种列入《中国生物多样性红色名录》。【结论】昆仑山国家公园青海片区评估区的地理成分多样,但特有现象不明显,生物多样性较低,区系成分在水平梯度上呈现出干旱到半干旱以及温带向热带过渡的特征。

基于改进两步移动搜索法的合肥市中心城区综合公园可达性评价

为提高城市综合公园布局均衡性地定量评估的准确性,以合肥市中心城区为例,提出一种基于改进多出行模式的两步移动搜索法,利用高德地图的路径规划模型,结合双变量局部空间自相关、洛伦兹曲线以及基尼系数等方法,在手机信令数据的基础上对不同时间阈值下的城市综合公园的可达性及供需情况进行分析,进一步揭示中心城区综合公园布局的合理性。结果显示:合肥市中心城区综合公园的可达性空间差异显著,可达性较高区域通常分布在新城区以及综合公园周边地区,并且随着时间阈值的提高,可达性水平的空间分布呈现均衡态势;合肥市中心城区在15 min与30 min时间阈值下均只有近5%的居住网格处于供需匹配状态;近7%的居住网格处于供需显著不匹配状态,主要集中于老城区西部以及滨湖区北部区域,居住区密度与综合公园数量是影响供需匹配的重要原因。研究结果表明,通过利用手机信令数据与高德路径规划数据作为数据源对传统可达性的计算方法以及两步移动搜索模型进行改进,建立微观尺度下城市综合公园的可达性评价框架,能够精确地评估城市综合公园的可达性;通过优化城市交通的通达程度以提高居民综合公园游憩出行的阈值,能够显著促进城市综合公园整体的空间分布合理性。

体育公园赋能公园城市示范区建设的价值意蕴与实践路径

人与自然和谐共生的现代化是中国式现代化的重要特征之一,是习近平生态文明思想的核心理念。文章深入分析了体育公园赋能践行新发展理念的成都公园城市示范区建设,是“山、水、人、城、境”和谐共生的现代化城市发展新范式和新形态,同时也是对工业文明时代城市发展理念的系统反思、对生态文明时代城市发展理念的深化完善、对中国式现代化美丽城市发展的积极回应;系统论述了体育公园赋能践行新发展理念的成都公园城市示范区建设的实践路径:打造多轨赛事体系、夯实办赛硬件基础、形成集成创新效应的办赛路径,营造文体旅商新增长点、形塑生态健康美丽之城、增强城市文化影响力的营城路径,加快运动休闲功能区建设、提高运营模式升级效率、推动体育产业链协同联动的兴业路径,促进群众体育高质量发展、打造健康低碳运动休闲载体、赋力营建全龄友好生活体系的惠民路径。以期凝聚“办赛、营城、兴业、惠民”合力、助推“公园城市示范区”建设。

祁连山国家公园煤矿修复对地表节肢动物多样性的影响

高寒山区煤矿覆土回填和种植草本植物能够快速改善环境,强烈影响地表节肢动物多样性及其生态功能,地表节肢动物对煤矿修复的响应还会因海拔及放牧扰动强度的变化而异。选择祁连山国家公园甘肃片区中部西营河和东大河保护站煤矿修复区和毗邻草地(对照区)为研究对象,利用陷阱法调查煤矿修复区及对照区地表节肢动物的种类组成和数量变化,解析地表节肢动物群落及关键类群对煤矿修复的响应模式,确定影响地表节肢动物多样性变化的关键要素。结果表明,煤矿修复缩小了修复区和对照区地表节肢动物群落差异,但煤矿修复区和对照区地表节肢动物群落组成明显不同并存在地域差异。西营河煤矿修复显著提高了地表节肢动物活动密度,而东大河保护站煤矿修复导致地表节肢动物活动密度略有降低,地表节肢动物类群丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数变化与活动密度相反。主要地表节肢动物科对煤矿矿区修复的响应模式不同并存在区域差异,西营河保护站煤矿修复显著提高了平腹蛛科、微蛛亚科和隐翅虫科的活动密度,但显著降低了硬体盲蛛科和象甲科的活动密度;东大河保护站煤矿修复显著提高了步甲科活动密度,但降低了蚁科和狼蛛科的活动密度。pRDA排序结果表明,海拔高度和全氮含量解释了西营河保护站煤矿修复区和对照区20.8%的地表节肢动物群落变异;草本地上生物量和海拔高度解释了东大河保护站煤矿修复区和对照区24.3%的地表节肢动物群落变异。总之,高寒山区人工覆土和植被建设引起的植被和土壤环境变化强烈影响地表节肢动物多样性,地表节肢动物对煤矿修复的响应存在明显的区域差异,地表节肢动物多样性可以指示和评估煤矿修复效果。

静脉产业园规划逻辑框架与重庆市实践

以“五级三类”的国土空间规划体系为切入点,基于宏观、中观、微观3大视角,解析静脉产业与循环经济、静脉产业与“无废城市”、静脉产业与国土空间3大关系,围绕全域大循环、城市中循环、园区小循环3大循环,提出国土空间规划视角下的静脉产业园规划方法:在宏观视角下,谋划全域静脉产业顶层设计;在中观视角下,预控城市静脉产业发展用地;在微观视角下,优化园区静脉产业循环布局。通过“全域—城市—园区”建立起3大层级的资源能源循环体系,全领域、全方位、全过程推行国土空间绿色规划。

The influence of urban park characteristics on bird diversity in Nanjing, China

Background:Habitat loss,fragmentation and decrease of habitat quality caused by urbanization have led to a dramatic decline in biodiversity worldwide.For highly urbanized areas,parks have become“islands”or habitat fragments for wildlife.As an important indicator group of urban ecosystem health,the response of birds to urbanization has attracted the global attention of ecologists.Understanding the key factors affecting bird diversity in urbanized environment is crucial to the protection of biodiversity in urban ecosystems.Methods:We used the line-transect method to survey birds in 37 urban parks in Nanjing,China.We also measured a number of park characteristics(area,isolation,shape index,environmental noise,distance to city center,and habitat diversity)that are commonly assumed to influence bird diversity.We then used the information-theoretic multi-model inference approach to determine which park characteristics had significant impacts on bird species richness.Results:We found that park area,habitat diversity and the distance to city center were the best positive predictors of bird species richness in Nanjing urban parks.By contrast,park isolation,park shape and environmental noise had little or no influence on bird diversity.Conclusions:Our study highlights the importance of park area,habitat diversity and the distance to city center in determining bird diversity in Nanjing city parks.Therefore,from a conservation viewpoint,we recommend that large parks with complex and diverse habitats far away from the city center should be retained or constructed to increase bird diversity in urban design and planning.

昆仑山国家公园青海片区评估区植被类型及其分布

昆仑山国家公园青海片区评估区位于青海省昆仑山北坡,地势险峻,自然环境恶劣,是中国山地生态系统中最完整、最原真的区域之一。为了全面掌握评估区植被类型、分布及生存现状,利用样方调查法,在昆仑山国家公园青海片区评估区内设置168个植物群落调查样方,记录样方内物种组成、数量特征、生境信息等,并参考《中国植被》等划分植被类型。结果表明:(1)评估区共有种子植物46科146属384种,以禾本科(Poaceae)、菊科(Asteraceae)、豆科(Fabaceae)、苋科(Amaran⁃thaceae)植物为主。(2)评估区植被可划分为7个植被型组、11个植被型、17个植被亚型、36个群系,以草原、草甸及半灌木与草本荒漠为主要植被型,广泛分布有紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)草原、高山嵩草(Carex parvula)草甸、蒿叶猪毛菜(Oreosalsola abrotanoides)荒漠等。总体而言,评估区植物多样性低,植被类型表现出独特性和过渡性;植被垂直带谱层次简单,基本由山地荒漠带、高寒草原带、高寒草甸带与高山稀疏植被带组成;水平分布由东向西、由南向北逐渐由草地植被过渡到荒漠植被。研究结果可以为昆仑山国家公园青海片区的创立及植被保护提供基础数据。

基于改进McMaster算法的高密度停车区域识别及特征分析

高密度停车区域的识别是制定停车政策、规划设置停车设施的基础依据。但限于数据收集难度,现有研究无法整体识别城市高密度停车区域。本文通过收集海量OBD数据关联POI数据,采用回归拟合的方法识别出高密度停车区域停车数量阈值。基于改进McMaster算法,整体识别出北京市常发高密度停车区域。结合时间维度与空间维度,总结高密度停车区域特征,发现高密度停车区域部分时段存在大量空置车位现象,不同土地利用性质区域间车辆存在流动现象,车位使用潮汐现象明显。研究结果可为城市规划部门合理制定停车政策,精准规划设置停车设施提供依据。

中心城区停车场现状问题分析及对策建议——以黄冈市为例

当前,黄冈市中心城区停车位相对不足,停车难问题十分凸显,“停车难”“道路堵”已经成为妨碍城市整体环境提升、制约城区发展的难点与焦点问题。与此同时,随着城镇化建设进程的加快和国民生活水平的不断提高,机动车持续保持上升趋势,现有的停车设施存量无法适应该增长需求。面对上述停车问题的高压态势,缓解黄冈市中心城区停车供需矛盾,满足社会经济和停车发展的要求,促进黄冈市中心城区停车设施科学可持续发展需要引起高度重视。