This paper is to present a typology of refusal strategies which may be employed in the analysis of refusal performance from a discourse approach.Some previous research carried out is reviewed in order to classify non-...This paper is to present a typology of refusal strategies which may be employed in the analysis of refusal performance from a discourse approach.Some previous research carried out is reviewed in order to classify non-native speakers' production of this speech act.Then,the suggested taxonomy will be described in a systematized way from an interlanguage pragmatic perspective and within a conversational analysis framework.Finally,it is emphasized that effective communicative competence plays an important role in the production of this face-threatening speech act of refusing.展开更多
In order to overcome defects of the classical hidden Markov model (HMM), Markov family model (MFM), a new statistical model was proposed. Markov family model was applied to speech recognition and natural language proc...In order to overcome defects of the classical hidden Markov model (HMM), Markov family model (MFM), a new statistical model was proposed. Markov family model was applied to speech recognition and natural language processing. The speaker independently continuous speech recognition experiments and the part-of-speech tagging experiments show that Markov family model has higher performance than hidden Markov model. The precision is enhanced from 94.642% to 96.214% in the part-of-speech tagging experiments, and the work rate is reduced by 11.9% in the speech recognition experiments with respect to HMM baseline system.展开更多
Total laryngectomy affects the speaking functions of many patients.Speech deprivation has great impacts on the quality of life of patients,especially on self-efficacy.Learning esophageal speech represents a way to hel...Total laryngectomy affects the speaking functions of many patients.Speech deprivation has great impacts on the quality of life of patients,especially on self-efficacy.Learning esophageal speech represents a way to help laryngectomees speak again.The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of collective esophageal speech training on self-efficacy of laryngectomees.In this study,28 patients and 30 family members were included.The participants received information about training via telephone or a WeChat group.Collective esophageal speech training was used to educate laryngectomees on esophageal speech.Before and after collective esophageal speech training,all participants completed the General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES)to assess their perceptions on self-efficacy.Through the training,laryngectomees recovered their speech.After the training,the self-efficacy scores of laryngectomees were higher than those before the training,with significant differences noted(P<0.05).However,family members'scores did not change significantly.In conclusion,collective esophageal speech training is not only convenient and economical,but also improves self-efficacy and confidence of laryngectomees.Greater self-efficacy is helpful for laryngectomees to master esophageal speech and improve their quality of life.In addition,more attention should be focused on improving the self-efficacy of family members and making them give full play to their talent and potential on laryngectomees'voice rehabilitation.展开更多
In this paper, linguistic methodology is suggested for approaching figures of speech formed due to shift of cognitive relations. First, requisite features, possible features and impossible features are proposed on the...In this paper, linguistic methodology is suggested for approaching figures of speech formed due to shift of cognitive relations. First, requisite features, possible features and impossible features are proposed on the basis of semantic analysis and their interrelationships and expressions are discussed. Then it is further argued that all figures formed due to shift of cognitive relation are expressed to accept an impossible feature; and there are four semantic forms to accept it: “zero distance/distanced”, “implicit/explicit”, “direct/indirect”, “positive/negative”. Finally, starting from the two approaches to figures we comment on the traditional idea of separating decoration and substance and the new idea of “function as form”.展开更多
University Inspirational Speech(UIS), as a significant part of American's higher education, is considered as an encouraging, convincing and motivating lesson to students. UIS might have a great effect on student&#...University Inspirational Speech(UIS), as a significant part of American's higher education, is considered as an encouraging, convincing and motivating lesson to students. UIS might have a great effect on student's outlook of life, helping them to grow as adults armed with noble ideals and entrepreneurial spirits. In order to convey the spirit of original speakers, it is crucial to choose a proper translation theory as a direction. Based on Skopos theory, the paper studied 2014 American UIS translation from the aspect of three rules of Skopos theory, presenting the application of the theory in translation process and to find out how the Skopos theory guides a translation process.展开更多
A great inspirational speech has power.Too often,people abandon their dreams due to various setbacks.After some time,their beliefs in themselves vanish and remain dormant until something can get them going again.Inspi...A great inspirational speech has power.Too often,people abandon their dreams due to various setbacks.After some time,their beliefs in themselves vanish and remain dormant until something can get them going again.Inspirational speeches have the power to do just that,waking up their beliefs and getting them motivated again.This paper is a study of the Chinese translation of English inspirational speeches on campus in USA under the framework of Skopos Theory and also can be a guide for those who are devoted to translating English inspirational speeches into Chinese.It is helpful for them to achieve an accurate,influent and felicitous translation by applying appropriate translation strategies.Before starting the research,eighteen English inspirational speeches in Inspirational Speeches on Campus in USA by Wang Ruize are selected as ST.展开更多
Reporting is essential in language use,including the re-expression of other people’s or self’s words,opinions,psychological activities,etc.Grasping the translation methods of reported speech in German academic paper...Reporting is essential in language use,including the re-expression of other people’s or self’s words,opinions,psychological activities,etc.Grasping the translation methods of reported speech in German academic papers is very important to improve the accuracy of academic paper translation.This study takes the translation of“Internationalization of German Universities”(Die Internationalisierung der deutschen Hochschulen),an academic paper of higher education,as an example to explore the translation methods of reported speech in German academic papers.It is found that the use of word order conversion,part of speech conversion and split translation methods can make the translation more accurate and fluent.This paper helps to grasp the rules and characteristics of the translation of reported speech in German academic papers,and also provides a reference for improving the quality of German-Chinese translation.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the intraoperative trauma degree and postoperative speech function of low-temperature plasma radiofrequency surgery treatment of children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Me...Objective:To evaluate the intraoperative trauma degree and postoperative speech function of low-temperature plasma radiofrequency surgery treatment of children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods: A total of 118 children with OSAHS were divided into the control group (n=59) who received general surgery and the observation group (n=59) who received the low-temperature plasma radiofrequency surgery according to the random number table. Before operation and 24 h after operation, serum levels of stress hormones, acute phase proteins and inflammatory markers of two groups of children were determined, and the speech function parameter levels were assessed.Results:Before operation, differences in serum contents of stress hormones, acute phase proteins and inflammatory factors as well as speech function parameter levels were not statistically significant between two groups of patients. 24 h after operation, serum stress hormones adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), angiotensin-2 (Ang-2), norepinephrine (NE), cortisol (Cor) contents of observation group were lower than those of control group, serum acute phase proteins haptoglobin (HP), ceruloplasmin (CER), and prealbumin (PA) contents were lower than those of control group, and serum inflammatory factors interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-27 (IL-27), tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α) contents were lower than those of control group;speech function parameters NNE and NHR levels of observation group were higher than those of control group.Conclusion:Compared with routine surgery, low-temperature plasma radiofrequency surgery treatment of children with OSAHS causes less surgical trauma and more greatly improves the postoperative speech level.展开更多
This pilot study focuses on employment of hybrid LMS-ICA system for in-vehicle background noise reduction.Modern vehicles are nowadays increasingly supporting voice commands,which are one of the pillars of autonomous ...This pilot study focuses on employment of hybrid LMS-ICA system for in-vehicle background noise reduction.Modern vehicles are nowadays increasingly supporting voice commands,which are one of the pillars of autonomous and SMART vehicles.Robust speaker recognition for context-aware in-vehicle applications is limited to a certain extent by in-vehicle back-ground noise.This article presents the new concept of a hybrid system which is implemented as a virtual instrument.The highly modular concept of the virtual car used in combination with real recordings of various driving scenarios enables effective testing of the investigated methods of in-vehicle background noise reduction.The study also presents a unique concept of an adaptive system using intelligent clusters of distributed next generation 5G data networks,which allows the exchange of interference information and/or optimal hybrid algorithm settings between individual vehicles.On average,the unfiltered voice commands were successfully recognized in 29.34%of all scenarios,while the LMS reached up to 71.81%,and LMS-ICA hybrid improved the performance further to 73.03%.展开更多
The problem of speech enhancement using threshold de-noising in wavelet domain was considered.The appropriate decomposition level is another key factor pertinent to de-noising performance.This paper proposed a new wav...The problem of speech enhancement using threshold de-noising in wavelet domain was considered.The appropriate decomposition level is another key factor pertinent to de-noising performance.This paper proposed a new wavelet-based de-noising scheme that can improve the enhancement performance significantly in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise.The proposed algorithm can adaptively select the optimal decomposition level of wavelet transformation according to the characteristics of noisy speech.The experimental results demonstrate that this proposed algorithm outperforms the classical wavelet-based de-noising method and effectively improves the practicability of this kind of techniques.展开更多
文摘This paper is to present a typology of refusal strategies which may be employed in the analysis of refusal performance from a discourse approach.Some previous research carried out is reviewed in order to classify non-native speakers' production of this speech act.Then,the suggested taxonomy will be described in a systematized way from an interlanguage pragmatic perspective and within a conversational analysis framework.Finally,it is emphasized that effective communicative competence plays an important role in the production of this face-threatening speech act of refusing.
基金Project(60763001)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2009GZS0027,2010GZS0072)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China
文摘In order to overcome defects of the classical hidden Markov model (HMM), Markov family model (MFM), a new statistical model was proposed. Markov family model was applied to speech recognition and natural language processing. The speaker independently continuous speech recognition experiments and the part-of-speech tagging experiments show that Markov family model has higher performance than hidden Markov model. The precision is enhanced from 94.642% to 96.214% in the part-of-speech tagging experiments, and the work rate is reduced by 11.9% in the speech recognition experiments with respect to HMM baseline system.
文摘Total laryngectomy affects the speaking functions of many patients.Speech deprivation has great impacts on the quality of life of patients,especially on self-efficacy.Learning esophageal speech represents a way to help laryngectomees speak again.The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of collective esophageal speech training on self-efficacy of laryngectomees.In this study,28 patients and 30 family members were included.The participants received information about training via telephone or a WeChat group.Collective esophageal speech training was used to educate laryngectomees on esophageal speech.Before and after collective esophageal speech training,all participants completed the General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES)to assess their perceptions on self-efficacy.Through the training,laryngectomees recovered their speech.After the training,the self-efficacy scores of laryngectomees were higher than those before the training,with significant differences noted(P<0.05).However,family members'scores did not change significantly.In conclusion,collective esophageal speech training is not only convenient and economical,but also improves self-efficacy and confidence of laryngectomees.Greater self-efficacy is helpful for laryngectomees to master esophageal speech and improve their quality of life.In addition,more attention should be focused on improving the self-efficacy of family members and making them give full play to their talent and potential on laryngectomees'voice rehabilitation.
文摘In this paper, linguistic methodology is suggested for approaching figures of speech formed due to shift of cognitive relations. First, requisite features, possible features and impossible features are proposed on the basis of semantic analysis and their interrelationships and expressions are discussed. Then it is further argued that all figures formed due to shift of cognitive relation are expressed to accept an impossible feature; and there are four semantic forms to accept it: “zero distance/distanced”, “implicit/explicit”, “direct/indirect”, “positive/negative”. Finally, starting from the two approaches to figures we comment on the traditional idea of separating decoration and substance and the new idea of “function as form”.
文摘University Inspirational Speech(UIS), as a significant part of American's higher education, is considered as an encouraging, convincing and motivating lesson to students. UIS might have a great effect on student's outlook of life, helping them to grow as adults armed with noble ideals and entrepreneurial spirits. In order to convey the spirit of original speakers, it is crucial to choose a proper translation theory as a direction. Based on Skopos theory, the paper studied 2014 American UIS translation from the aspect of three rules of Skopos theory, presenting the application of the theory in translation process and to find out how the Skopos theory guides a translation process.
文摘A great inspirational speech has power.Too often,people abandon their dreams due to various setbacks.After some time,their beliefs in themselves vanish and remain dormant until something can get them going again.Inspirational speeches have the power to do just that,waking up their beliefs and getting them motivated again.This paper is a study of the Chinese translation of English inspirational speeches on campus in USA under the framework of Skopos Theory and also can be a guide for those who are devoted to translating English inspirational speeches into Chinese.It is helpful for them to achieve an accurate,influent and felicitous translation by applying appropriate translation strategies.Before starting the research,eighteen English inspirational speeches in Inspirational Speeches on Campus in USA by Wang Ruize are selected as ST.
文摘Reporting is essential in language use,including the re-expression of other people’s or self’s words,opinions,psychological activities,etc.Grasping the translation methods of reported speech in German academic papers is very important to improve the accuracy of academic paper translation.This study takes the translation of“Internationalization of German Universities”(Die Internationalisierung der deutschen Hochschulen),an academic paper of higher education,as an example to explore the translation methods of reported speech in German academic papers.It is found that the use of word order conversion,part of speech conversion and split translation methods can make the translation more accurate and fluent.This paper helps to grasp the rules and characteristics of the translation of reported speech in German academic papers,and also provides a reference for improving the quality of German-Chinese translation.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the intraoperative trauma degree and postoperative speech function of low-temperature plasma radiofrequency surgery treatment of children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods: A total of 118 children with OSAHS were divided into the control group (n=59) who received general surgery and the observation group (n=59) who received the low-temperature plasma radiofrequency surgery according to the random number table. Before operation and 24 h after operation, serum levels of stress hormones, acute phase proteins and inflammatory markers of two groups of children were determined, and the speech function parameter levels were assessed.Results:Before operation, differences in serum contents of stress hormones, acute phase proteins and inflammatory factors as well as speech function parameter levels were not statistically significant between two groups of patients. 24 h after operation, serum stress hormones adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), angiotensin-2 (Ang-2), norepinephrine (NE), cortisol (Cor) contents of observation group were lower than those of control group, serum acute phase proteins haptoglobin (HP), ceruloplasmin (CER), and prealbumin (PA) contents were lower than those of control group, and serum inflammatory factors interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-27 (IL-27), tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α) contents were lower than those of control group;speech function parameters NNE and NHR levels of observation group were higher than those of control group.Conclusion:Compared with routine surgery, low-temperature plasma radiofrequency surgery treatment of children with OSAHS causes less surgical trauma and more greatly improves the postoperative speech level.
基金This research was funded by the European Regional Development Fund in the Research Centre of Advanced Mechatronic Systems project, project number CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019 /0000867by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic, Project No. SP2021/32.
文摘This pilot study focuses on employment of hybrid LMS-ICA system for in-vehicle background noise reduction.Modern vehicles are nowadays increasingly supporting voice commands,which are one of the pillars of autonomous and SMART vehicles.Robust speaker recognition for context-aware in-vehicle applications is limited to a certain extent by in-vehicle back-ground noise.This article presents the new concept of a hybrid system which is implemented as a virtual instrument.The highly modular concept of the virtual car used in combination with real recordings of various driving scenarios enables effective testing of the investigated methods of in-vehicle background noise reduction.The study also presents a unique concept of an adaptive system using intelligent clusters of distributed next generation 5G data networks,which allows the exchange of interference information and/or optimal hybrid algorithm settings between individual vehicles.On average,the unfiltered voice commands were successfully recognized in 29.34%of all scenarios,while the LMS reached up to 71.81%,and LMS-ICA hybrid improved the performance further to 73.03%.
文摘The problem of speech enhancement using threshold de-noising in wavelet domain was considered.The appropriate decomposition level is another key factor pertinent to de-noising performance.This paper proposed a new wavelet-based de-noising scheme that can improve the enhancement performance significantly in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise.The proposed algorithm can adaptively select the optimal decomposition level of wavelet transformation according to the characteristics of noisy speech.The experimental results demonstrate that this proposed algorithm outperforms the classical wavelet-based de-noising method and effectively improves the practicability of this kind of techniques.
