Will partial splenic embolization followed by splenectomy increase intraoperative bleeding?

BACKGROUND Partial splenic embolization(PSE)has been suggested as an alternative to splenectomy in the treatment of hypersplenism.However,some patients may experience recurrence of hypersplenism after PSE and require splenectomy.Currently,there is a lack of evidence-based medical support regarding whether preoperative PSE followed by splenectomy can reduce the incidence of complications.AIM To investigate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of preoperative PSE followed by splenectomy in patients with cirrhosis and hypersplenism.METHODS Between January 2010 and December 2021,321 consecutive patients with cirrhosis and hypersplenism underwent splenectomy at our department.Based on whether PSE was performed prior to splenectomy,the patients were divided into two groups:PSE group(n=40)and non-PSE group(n=281).Patient characteristics,postoperative complications,and follow-up data were compared between groups.Propensity score matching(PSM)was conducted,and univariable and multivariable analyses were used to establish a nomogram predictive model for intraoperative bleeding(IB).The receiver operating characteristic curve,Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test,and decision curve analysis(DCA)were employed to evaluate the differentiation,calibration,and clinical performance of the model.RESULTS After PSM,the non-PSE group showed significant reductions in hospital stay,intraoperative blood loss,and operation time(all P=0.00).Multivariate analysis revealed that spleen length,portal vein diameter,splenic vein diameter,and history of PSE were independent predictive factors for IB.A nomogram predictive model of IB was constructed,and DCA demonstrated the clinical utility of this model.Both groups exhibited similar results in terms of overall survival during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION Preoperative PSE followed by splenectomy may increase the incidence of IB and a nomogram-based prediction model can predict the occurrence of IB.

Effect of partial splenic embolization on the immune function of cirrhosis patients with hypersplenism

Objective:To discover the effect of partial splenic embolization on the immune function of cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism.Methods:Patients involved in the study were enrolled and divided into three groups,including control group,experimental group,and complication group.Numbers of CD3^+,CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells and CD4^+CD25^+CDl27^(low/-) Treg cells in the peripheral blood of patients before surgery,1 month,6 months,1 year,and 2 years after surgery were analyzed by fluorescence active cell sorting(FACS).Contents of immunoglobulins(IgA,IgG and IgM) were analyzed by auto immunoassay analyzer.Results:In the peripheral blood of patients from experimental group,numbers of CD3^+,CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells initially declined,but afterwards increased to normal level;in the peripheral blood of patients from complication group,CD3^+ and CD8^+ T cells showed the same trend,but the number of CD4^+ T cells was below normal level at all detection times.Furthermore,CD3^+,CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells in the peripheral blood of patients from complication group were initially less than those in experimental group,and afterwards were comparable between two groups.In patients from both experimental group and complication group,the number of CD4^+CD25^+CDl27^(low/-)Treg cells increased 1 month and 6 months after surgery,and gradually restored to normal level.CD4^+CD25^+CDl27^(low/-)Treg cell counts in patients from complication group were initially more than those in patients from experimental group 1 month and 6 months after surgery,but then they were comparable.Furthermore,contents of immunoglobulins(IgA,IgG and IgM) were comparable in three groups at all detection times.Conclusion:Partial splenic embolization influenced the immune function of cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism in the short term but the immune function could afterwards gradually restore to normal.Our results implicated that measures that prevent infection and improve immune function were necessary in early stage after undergoing PSE in order to reduce complications.

Partial splenic artery embolization in cirrhotic patients

Splenomegaly is a common sequela of cirrhosis, and is frequently associated with decreased hematologic indices including thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Partial splenic artery embolization(PSE) has been demonstrated to effectively increase hematologic indices in cirrhotic patients with splenomegaly. This is particularly valuable amongst those cirrhotic patients who are not viable candidates for splenectomy. Although PSE was originally developed decades ago, it has recently received increased attention. Presently, PSE is being utilized to address a number of clinical concerns in the setting of cirrhosis, including: decreased hematologic indices, portal hypertension and its associated sequela, and splenic artery steal syndrome. Following PSE patients demonstrate significant increases in platelets and leukocytes. Though progressive decline of hematologic indices occur following PSE, they remain improved as compared to pre-procedural values over long-term follow-up. PSE, however, is not without risk and complications of the procedure may occur. The most common complication of PSE is post-embolization syndrome, which involves a constellation of symptoms including fever, pain, and nausea/vomiting. The rate of complications has been shown to increase as the percent of total splenic volume embolized increases. The purpose of this review is to explore the current literature in re-gards to PSE in cirrhotic patients and to highlight their techniques, and statistically summarize their results and associated complications.

Evaluation of the effect of partial splenic embolization on platelet values for liver cirrhosis patients with thrombocytopenia

AIM： TO investigate the effect of partial splenic embolization （PSE） on platelet values in liver cirrhosis patients with thrombocytopenia and to determine the effective embolization area for platelet values improvement.METHODS： Blood parameters and liver function indicators were measured on 10 liver cirrhosis patients （6 in Child-Pugh grade A and 4 in grade B） with thrombocytopenia （platelet values 〈 80 × 10^3/μL） before embolization. Computed tomography scan was also needed in advance to acquire the splenic baseline. After 2 to 3 d, angiography and splenic embolization were performed. A second computed tomography scan was made to confirm the embolization area after 2 to 3 wk of embolization. The blood parameters of patients were also examined biweekly during the 1 year follow-up period. RESULTS： According to the computed tomography images after partial splenic embolization, we divided all paUents into two groups： low （〈 30%）, and high （≥ 30%） embolization area groups. The platelet values were increased by 3 times compared to baseline levels after 2 wk of embolization in high embolization area group. In addition, there were significant differences in platelet values between low and high embolization area groups. GPT values decreased significantly in all patients after 2 wk of embolization. The improvement in platelet and GPT values still persisted until 1 year after PSE. In addition, 3 of 4 （75%） Child-Pugh grade B patients progressed to grade A after 2 mo of PSE. The complication rate in 〈 30% and ≥30% embolization area groups was 50% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION： Partial splenic embolization is an effective method to improve platelet values and GPT values in liver cirrhosis patients with thrombocytopenia and the ≥ 30% embolization area is meaningful for platelet values improvement. The relationship between the complication rate and embolization area needs further studies.

Outcomes of partial splenic embolization in patients with massive splenomegaly due to idiopathic portal hypertension

AIM To determine the outcomes of partial splenic em-bolization(PSE) for massive splenomegaly due to idiopathic portal hypertension(IPH).METHODS In this prospective study, we evaluated the charac-teristics and prognosis of consecutive patients with IPH who underwent PSE for all indications at a single medical center between June 2009 and January 2015. The inclusion criteria were: presence of hypersplenism, massive splenomegaly, and resultant pancytopenia. The exclusion criteria were: presence of other diseases causing portal hypertension. During the post-PSE period, the patients were hospitalized. All patients underwent abdominal computed tomography imaging 4 wk post-PSE to determine total splenic and non-infarcted splenic volumes.RESULTS A total of 11 patients, with median age of 33.27 ± 4.8 years, were included in the study. Mean spleen size was 22.9 cm(21-28 cm), and severe hypersplenismwas diagnosed in all patients before PSE. Post-PSE, leukocyte and platelet counts increased significantly, reaching peak levels in the second week with gradual decreases thereafter. Liver function tests did not exhibit significant changes during post-intervention follow-up. All patients developed post-embolization syndrome, and one patient experienced serious complications; all complications were successfully treated with conservative therapy and no death occurred. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that PSE has a lower complication rate than previously-reported surgical complication rates, which supports this intervention as a viable alternative for high-risk operable patients with severe hypersplenism.

Combined treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with partial splenic embolization and transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization

AIM: To prospectively evaluate the effi cacy and safety of partial splenic embolization (PSE) combined with transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Fifty patients suffering from primary HCC associated with hypersplenism caused by cirrhosis were randomly assigned to 2 groups: group A receiving PSE combined with TACE (n = 26) and group B receiving TACE alone (n = 24). Follow-up examinations included calculation of peripheral blood cells (leukcytes, platelets and red blood cells) and treatment-associated complications. RESULTS: Prior to treatment, there was no signifi cant difference in sex, age, Child-Pugh grade, tumor diameter, mass pathology type and peripheral blood cell counts between the 2 groups. After treatment, leukocyte and platelet counts were significantly higher in group A during the 3-mo follow-up period (P < 0.05), but lower in group B (P < 0.05). Severe complications occurred in 3 patients (11.5%) of group A and in 19 patients (79.2%) of group B (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in symptoms of post-embolization syndrome, including abdominal pain, fever, mild nausea and vomiting between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: PSE combined with TACE is more effective and safe than TACE alone for patients with HCC associated with hypersplenism caused by cirrhosis.

Partial embolization as re-treatment of hypersplenism after unsuccessful splenic artery ligation

Ligation of splenic artery(LSA) is used for the treatment of liver cirrhosis with hypersplenism. However, hypersplenism is not significantly improved following LSA treatment in some cases, and there are few reports of retreatment of hypersplenism after LSA. We report the case of a47-year-old man with liver cirrhosis and hypersplenism who underwent LSA treatment, but did not significantly improve. Laboratory tests revealed severe leukocytopeniaand thrombocytopenia. Celiac computed tomography arteriogram and digital subtraction angiography revealed two compensatory arteries connected to the hilar splenic artery from the left gastro-epiploic artery and from the dorsal pancreatic artery. Partial splenic embolization(PSE) was performed through the compensatory arteries. As a result, the patient achieved partial splenic ischemic infarction, and white blood cell and platelet counts rose and remained in the normal range. PSE is an effective therapeutic modality for the retreatment of hypersplenism when other modalities have failed.

Treatment of gastric varices with partial splenic embolization in a patient with portal vein thrombosis and a myeloproliferative disorder

Therapeutic options for gastric variceal bleeding in the presence of extensive portal vein thrombosis associated with a myeloproliferative disorder are limited.We report a case of a young woman who presented with gastric variceal bleeding secondary to extensive splanchnic venous thrombosis due to a Janus kinase 2 mutation associated myeloproliferative disorder that was managed effectively with partial splenic embolization.

Transhepatic catheter-directed thrombolysis for portal vein thrombosis after partial splenic embolization in combination with balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of splenorenal shunt

A 66-year-old woman underwent partial splenic embolization （PSE） for hypersplenisrn with idiopathic portal hypertension （IPH）. One week later, contrast-enhanced CT revealed extensive portal vein thrombosis （PVT） and dilated portosystemic shunts. The PVT was not dissolved by the intravenous administration of urokinase. The right portal vein was canulated via the percutaneous transhepatic route under ultrasonic guidance and a 4 Fr. straight catheter was advanced into the portal vein through the thrombus. Transhepatic catheter-directed thrombolysis was performed to dissolve the PVT and a splenorenal shunt was concurrently occluded to increase portal blood flow, using balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration （BRTO） technique. Subsequent contrast-enhanced CT showed good patency of the portal vein and thrombosed splenorenal shunt. Transhepatic catheter-directed thrombolysis combined with BRTO is feasible and effective for PVT with portosystemic shunts.

Partial splenic embolization in the management of thalassemia major A report of 40 cases

Forty children with thalassemia major were treated with gelfoam particles for partialsplenic embolization (PSE).The embolization of the spleen ranged from 50 to 85 per cent.Af-ter PSE,the spleen shrank greatly,and the symptoms of anemia improved.The immunologicalfunction of the body was the same as before PSE.All patients showed a marked reduction intransfusion requirements.Therefore,it is believed that PSE is an effective therapy for tha-lassemia major.

Partial Splenic Artery Embolization in Cirrhosis Is a Safe and Useful Procedure

Background: Portal Hypertension is a common complication of cirrhosis. It leads to splenomegaly which manifests with features of hypersplenism. This results in leucopenia which increases the likelihood of sepsis and prevents treatment with interferon. Thrombocytopenia increases the risk of bleeding including variceal bleeds which make the anemia worse. This study was done to determine the usefulness and safety of partial splenic artery embolization (PSAE) in portal hypertension due to cirrhosis. Methods: Patients with PSAE were identified by using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 coding from medical records and their charts were reviewed retrospectively. 25 patients underwent splenic artery embolization at The Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi from November 2000 to December 2016. 18 patients who underwent PSAE for disabling hypersplenism caused by cirrhosis were included. Patients who were under 18 year of age, or in whom PSAE were performed for reasons other than cirrhosis and those with missing records/incomplete data were excluded (n = 7). Information was collected regarding demographic details, procedure indications, nature, technique, clinical efficacy, repeat embolization and complications along with laboratory and radiological investigations. Results: Eighteen patients of cirrhosis with a mean age of 43.47 ± 10.926 years, of which 14 were males, underwent PSAE (19 procedures). Indications were severe hypersplenism which precluded treatment with interferon and ribavirin (n = 8) and recurrent Gastro-oesophageal variceal (GOV) bleeds due to advanced Child-Pugh grade and thrombocytopenia (n = 10). Hematological parameters improved significantly following PSAE. Three out of eight patients successfully completed interferon + ribavirin treatment for hepatitis C (HCV) infection post PSAE, and GOV bleeds stopped in eight out of 10 patients. Complications included mild Left upper quadrant (LUQ) abdominal pain n = 9 (47.3%), post-embolization syndrome n = 4 (21%), and clinically insignificant pleural effusion n = 4 (21%). One patient developed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) which was appropriately managed. One patient needed re-emobilization after 6 months. Conclusion: PSAE is a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of hypersplenism due to cirrhosis.

肝硬化门脉高压脾亢患者行PSE前后机体免疫功能变化

目的探究脾动脉栓塞术(partial splenic embolization,PSE)对肝硬化门脉高压脾亢患者机体免疫功能的影响。方法选取76例在我院接受治疗的肝硬化门脉高压脾亢患者,根据手术方式将其分为PSE组和门体分流术组。检测两组患者在手术前后的各项细胞免疫指标及体液免疫指标。结果接受PSE治疗的患者,相较于接受门体分流术患者,其RBC、WBC、PLT均呈较为显著的上升;与术前相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后7 d时,两组的CD3差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),门体分流术组的CD4、CD4/CD8均低于PSE组,而CD8比例高于PSE组(P<0.05)。术后28 d时,两组的CD3、CD8及CD4/CD8差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而CD4差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后7 d时,两组IgM、IgG、IgA比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后28 d时,两组间IgM、IgG比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而门体分流术组IgA低于PSE组(P<0.05)。结论PSE能够有效改善肝硬化门脉高压脾亢患者的预后效果,显著提高患者的机体免疫功能,提示PSE具有较高的临床应用价值。

TIPS与PSE术治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化并发脾功能亢进症患者疗效研究

目的 研究经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术(TIPS)联合部分脾动脉栓塞术(PSE)治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化并发脾功能亢进症患者的疗效。方法 2018年1月~2021年1月我院诊治的乙型肝炎肝硬化并发脾功能亢进症患者72例,随机分为PSE治疗组36例和联合组36例,分别行PSE治疗或PSE联合TIPS术治疗,随访1年。结果 在治疗后1 w,联合组外周血PLT和WBC计数分别为(76.1±25.8)×109/L和(4.2±1.2)×109/L,显著高于PSE治疗组【分别为(45.8±13.7)×109/L和(2.4±0.5)×109/L,P<0.05】;在治疗后12 m,联合组外周血PLT和WBC计数分别为(59.3±18.7)×109/L和(2.8±0.9)×109/L,显著高于PSE治疗组【分别为(45.6±14.2)×109/L和(2.0±0.6)×109/L,P<0.05】;联合组血清白蛋白水平为(37.9±3.4)g/L,显著高于PSE治疗组【(35.9±3.5)g/L,P<0.05】。术后,联合组支架狭窄和肝性脑病发生率分别为22.2%和33.3%。结论 采用TIPS联合PSE术治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化并发脾功能亢进症患者有利于提示血细胞数,可能对防止感染有帮助。

PSE治疗外伤性脾破裂临床疗效及对患者机体免疫功能的影响

目的探讨部分脾栓塞术治疗外伤性脾破裂的临床疗效及其对患者免疫功能的影响。方法对我院2013年1月~2016年5月收治的56例外伤性脾破裂患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据其治疗方法分为开腹手术组和PSE治疗组。对两组患者相关临床指标和术前30 min、术后1 d和7 d外周血免疫功能水平进行统计学分析。结果两组患者在术后肠功能恢复时间、开始纳食时间、首次下床时间以及术后总住院治疗时间方面,PSE治疗组均显著短于开腹手术组(P<0.05)。在细胞免疫方面,术后1 d和7 d,两组外周血T细胞免疫功能指标有显著差异,PSE治疗组均高于开腹手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在体液免疫方面,两组患者术后1 d免疫球蛋白水平与本组术前30 min相比均显著下降(P<0.05),两组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);在术后7 d,PSE治疗组患者免疫球蛋白水平已升至正常,开腹手术组仍显著下降,两组比较PSE治疗组显著高于开腹手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相比开腹手术,PSE治疗外伤性脾破裂能显著提高患者的临床疗效,改善患者术后免疫功能水平,且保留了脾脏功能。

早期抗凝干预用于经颈静脉肝内门体静脉支架分流术联合PSE治疗肝硬化患者价值探讨

目的研究在经颈静脉肝内门体静脉支架分流术(TIPS)联合部分脾栓塞(PSE)术治疗的肝硬化并发食管胃底静脉曲张患者早期抗凝干预对预防门静脉血栓形成的价值。方法2016年9月~2018年9月我院收治的86例肝硬化并发门静脉高压症患者,均接受TIPS联合PSE治疗。术后,采用抽签法随机将患者分为对照组43例,给予肝素和阿司匹林抗凝治疗,和观察组43例,术后给予低分子肝素联合华法林治疗。随访3个月。结果术后7 d,观察组PLT为(274.3±30.2)×10^9/L,显著高于术前[(58.0±20.1)×10^9/L,P<0.05],对照组PLT为(257.6±29.7)×10^9/L,也显著高于术前[(61.0±24.4)×10^9/L,P<0.05];观察组PLT、PT和APTT与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);门静脉直径为(12.2±2.2)mm,门静脉血流流速为(12.6±2.3)cm/s,门静脉血流量为(910.6±260.2)ml/min,与对照组的(12.1±2.0)mm、(13.0±4.1)cm/s和(889.4±192.6)ml/min比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组腹水、出血、肝性脑病、皮肤瘀斑和发热发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但观察组门静脉血栓形成发生率为2.3%,显著低于对照组的16.3%(P<0.05)。结论早期给予低分子肝素联合华法林抗凝处理能有效预防TIPS联合PSE术后门静脉系统血栓形成,临床应引起足够的重视。

PSE治疗外伤性脾破裂对患者机体应激反应的影响

目的 探讨部分脾栓塞术(PSE)治疗外伤性脾破裂对患者机体应激反应的影响。方法选取我院2013年1月~2015年12月收治的56例外伤性脾破裂患者作为研究对象,根据治疗方法分为两组,28例行PSE治疗患者为PSE治疗组,28例行开腹脾切除术患者为开腹手术组,记录两组患者术中、术后相关指标,检测术前30 min和术后1 d、7 d两组患者应激反应指标的变化并进行统计学分析。结果在两组患者术中指标方面,PSE治疗组患者的平均手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度均低于开腹手术组(P<0.05)。在术后指标中,PSE治疗组术后下床活动时间及术后住院时间均显著低于开腹手术组(P<0.05);PSE治疗组术后总并发症发生率亦显著低于开腹手术组(P<0.05)。在应激反应指标方面,术后1 d,两组患者观察指标均升高,但PSE治疗组均低于开腹手术组,有显著性差异(P<0.05);术后7 d,两组患者BG、Ins、Cor、TSH均恢复至术前水平,CRP与术前30 min比较仍显著上升(P<0.05),但PSE治疗组显著低于开腹手术组(P<0.05)。结论 PSE治疗外伤性脾破裂能减少对患者机体的手术侵袭,减轻患者机体应激反应程度。

PTVE联合PSE双介入治疗肝硬化并门脉高压、脾功能亢进

目的:观察经皮经肝胃冠状静脉栓塞术(percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization,PTVE)联合部分脾栓塞术(partial splenic embolization,PSE)的双介入栓塞术治疗肝硬化并门脉高压及脾功能亢进的临床疗效。方法:10例肝硬化并门脉高压、脾功能亢进患者,给予PTVE治疗预防出血,3～7 d后,再行PSE降低门脉压及改善脾功能亢进。随访3月,观察止血率、再出血率、血象、肝功能、胃镜及并发症等指标。结果:10例患者中8例完成栓塞治疗及后续PSE治疗,2例急性出血患者迅速止血。随访3月,全部病例肝功能改善、血细胞回升至正常水平,无再出血和严重并发症发生。其中3例胃镜复查显示2例食管胃底静脉曲张均减轻,1例消失。结论:PTVE联合PSE的双介入栓塞术治疗肝硬化并门脉高压及脾功能亢进疗效确切,安全性好,值得临床推广。

TIPS联合PSE对肝硬化患者外周血细胞水平、免疫球蛋白、血氨及安全性的影响

目的探究经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)联合部分性脾栓塞术(PSE)对肝硬化伴脾亢患者外周血细胞水平、免疫球蛋白、血氨及安全性的影响。方法选择74例肝硬化患者,依据治疗方法分为观察组(n=37)和对照组(n=37),对照组仅行TIPS治疗,观察组行TIPS与PSE联合治疗。分析比较两组外周血细胞水平、免疫球蛋白、血氨及不良反应的变化。结果术后7 d及30 d,观察组外周血细胞血小板(PLT)、白细胞(WBC)水平明显高于术前及对照组(t分别=6.25、4.25、6.30、4.63、7.34、4.71、6.25、4.69,P均<0.05);术后30 d,观察组IgA、IgG及IgM水平明显高于术前及对照组(t分别=3.78、3.14、3.94、3.23、3.84、3.20,P均<0.05)。术后30 d,两组血氨水平明显高于术前(t分别=6.42、5.07,P均<0.05),两组间血氨水平比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.90,P>0.05)。两组轻微并发症及严重并发症的比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ~2分别=0.35、0.56,P均>0.05)。结论 TIPS与PSE联合治疗可改善肝硬化伴脾亢患者外周血细胞水平,减轻患者免疫抑制作用,不增加患者术后并发症风险。

8spheres栓塞微球经脾动脉部分栓塞术治疗慢性肝窦阻塞综合征致脾功能亢进的疗效分析

目的探讨8spheres栓塞微球行脾动脉部分栓塞术治疗慢性肝窦综合征致脾功能亢进的临床疗效与安全性。方法2020年1月至2024年1月间,39例奥沙利铂为基础的全身化疗后慢性肝窦综合征致脾功能亢进的结直肠癌患者,给予8spheres栓塞微球经脾动脉部分栓塞术(partial splenic embolizationPSE)治疗。记录术前、术后7天、术后1个月、术后3个月白细胞、血小板水平,比较治疗前后肝纤维化指数:天冬氨酸转氨酶和血小板比率指数(APRI)、肝纤维化4因子指数(FIB-4),通过CT、MRI、彩超观察脾脏坏死及大小变化情况,记录治疗相关不良反应发生情况。结果39例患者均成功完成了PSE治疗;术后7天、1个月、3个月外周血白细胞、血小板水平较术前明显升高,术后1、3个月脾脏长度、脾脏厚度、脾静脉宽度较术前明显减小,APRI、FIB-4较术前明显下降,术后3月接近正常水平。PSE相关不良反应主要为发热、疼痛、恶心呕吐等,症状较轻微,经内科对症治疗可缓解,未出现脾脓肿等严重并发症发生。结论8spheres栓塞微球经脾动脉部分栓塞术治疗慢性肝窦综合征继发脾功能患者亢进安全有效,可在临床进一步推广应用。

部分脾动脉栓塞术对比脾切除术治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进的Meta分析

目的系统评价部分脾动脉栓塞术(partial splenic artery embolization,PSE)与脾切除术治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进的疗效。方法通过检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台等数据库,收集自建库以来至2021年10月30日关于PSE与脾切除术治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进的随机对照试验和队列研究,由两位研究员分别独立筛选文献、提取资料和评价偏倚风险后进行统计分析。结果共纳入14篇文献,1092例患者,Meta分析结果显示,两组术后1周、1个月、1年白细胞计数水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后6个月(MD=-2.03,95%CI:-3.03~-1.04,P<0.001)脾切除术组明显高于PSE组;两组术后1个月、1年血小板计数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1周(MD=-65.46,95%CI:-116.39~-14.52,P=0.01)和术后6个月(MD=-117.99,95%CI:-229.71~-6.27,P=0.04)脾切除术组均高于PSE组;两组术后1周、1个月和1年红细胞计数水平比较,差异均无统计学意义;两组患者NK细胞计数水平比较,术后1个月(MD=6.02,95%CI:4.27~7.77,P<0.001)、术后1年(MD=3.53,95%CI:1.68~5.37,P=0.0002),均提示PSE组的术后自然杀伤细胞计数水平明显高于脾切组;与脾切除术组比较,PSE组术中出血量更少(MD=-73.92,95%CI:-89.39~-58.45,P<0.001)、住院费用更少(MD=-0.80,95%CI:-1.27~-0.34,P=0.0008)、住院时间也更短(MD=-4.08,95%CI:-5.22~-2.95,P<0.001)。结论现有证据表明,PSE治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进短期与远期均有一定的疗效,相较于脾切除术,其手术创伤小,住院时间和费用少,并发症易控制,且可保留一定的免疫功能,更值得在临床应用推广。受纳入文献数量以及质量的限制,上述结论仍需开展更多高质量研究予以验证。