A New Interpretation of the Higgs Vacuum Potential Energy Based on a Planckion Composite Model for the Higgs

We present a new interpretation of the Higgs field as a composite particle made up of a positive, with, a negative mass Planck particle. According to the Winterberg hypothesis, space, i.e., the vacuum, consists of both positive and negative physical massive particles, which he called planckions, interacting through strong superfluid forces. In our composite model for the Higgs boson, there is an intrinsic length scale associated with the vacuum, different from the one introduced by Winterberg, where, when the vacuum is in a perfectly balanced state, the number density of positive Planck particles equals the number density of negative Planck particles. Due to the mass compensating effect, the vacuum thus appears massless, chargeless, without pressure, energy density, or entropy. However, a situation can arise where there is an effective mass density imbalance due to the two species of Planck particle not matching in terms of populations, within their respective excited energy states. This does not require the physical addition or removal of either positive or negative Planck particles, within a given region of space, as originally thought. Ordinary matter, dark matter, and dark energy can thus be given a new interpretation as residual vacuum energies within the context of a greater vacuum, where the populations of the positive and negative energy states exactly balance. In the present epoch, it is estimated that the dark energy number density imbalance amounts to, , per cubic meter, when cosmic distance scales in excess of, 100 Mpc, are considered. Compared to a strictly balanced vacuum, where we estimate that the positive, and the negative Planck number density, is of the order, 7.85E54 particles per cubic meter, the above is a very small perturbation. This slight imbalance, we argue, would dramatically alleviate, if not altogether eliminate, the long standing cosmological constant problem.

On the Cosmic Evolution of the Quantum Vacuum Using Two Variable G Models and Winterberg’s Thesis

We work within a Winterberg framework where space, i.e., the vacuum, consists of a two component superfluid/super-solid made up of a vast assembly (sea) of positive and negative mass Planck particles, called planckions. These material particles interact indirectly, and have very strong restoring forces keeping them a finite distance apart from each other within their respective species. Because of their mass compensating effect, the vacuum appears massless, charge-less, without pressure, net energy density or entropy. In addition, we consider two varying G models, where G, is Newton’s constant, and G-1, increases with an increase in cosmological time. We argue that there are at least two competing models for the quantum vacuum within such a framework. The first follows a strict extension of Winterberg’s model. This leads to nonsensible results, if G increases, going back in cosmological time, as the length scale inherent in such a model will not scale properly. The second model introduces a different length scale, which does scale properly, but keeps the mass of the Planck particle as, ± the Planck mass. Moreover we establish a connection between ordinary matter, dark matter, and dark energy, where all three mass densities within the Friedman equation must be interpreted as residual vacuum energies, which only surface, once aggregate matter has formed, at relatively low CMB temperatures. The symmetry of the vacuum will be shown to be broken, because of the different scaling laws, beginning with the formation of elementary particles. Much like waves on an ocean where positive and negative planckion mass densities effectively cancel each other out and form a zero vacuum energy density/zero vacuum pressure surface, these positive mass densities are very small perturbations (anomalies) about the mean. This greatly alleviates, i.e., minimizes the cosmological constant problem, a long standing problem associated with the vacuum.

CHARACTERIZATION OF COBALT(Ⅱ)-PHTHALOCYANINE-METAL IRON COMPOSITES FOR MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS

Magnetorheological suspension based on 20 (v/V) % CoPc-iron composite particles dispersed in sili-cone oil have been obtained, which exhibited dynamic shear stress up to 2000Pa upon application of external magnetic field at 1300 Oe. The response is faster than 0. 15 -with superior reversibility of changes in viscosity induced by external magnetic field at above 12. 5℃. Further, it was found that the MR fluid is in possession of long-term stability a-gainst sedimentation.

Source apportionment of PM_(2.5)light extinction in an urban atmosphere in China

Haze in China is primarily caused by high pollution of atmospheric fine particulates（PM2.5）.However, the detailed source structures of PM2.5 light extinction have not been well established, especially for the roles of various organic aerosols, which makes haze management lack specified targets. This study obtained the mass concentrations of the chemical compositions and the light extinction coefficients of fine particles in the winter in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, using high time resolution aerosol observation instruments. We combined the positive matrix factor（PMF） analysis model of organic aerosols and the multiple linear regression method to establish a quantitative relationship model between the main chemical components, in particular the different sources of organic aerosols and the extinction coefficients of fine particles with a high goodness of fit（R^2= 0.953）. The results show that the contribution rates of ammonium sulphate,ammonium nitrate, biomass burning organic aerosol（BBOA）, secondary organic aerosol（SOA） and black carbon（BC） were 48.1%, 20.7%, 15.0%, 10.6%, and 5.6%, respectively. It can be seen that the contribution of the secondary aerosols is much higher than that of the primary aerosols（79.4% versus 20.6%） and are a major factor in the visibility decline. BBOA is found to have a high visibility destroying potential, with a high mass extinction coefficient, and was the largest contributor during some high pollution periods. A more detailed analysis indicates that the contribution of the enhanced absorption caused by BC mixing state was approximately 37.7% of the total particle absorption and should not be neglected.

solitary waves shock waves dust charge variation dusty plasma

The nonlinear propagation of dust acoustic waves is investigated in four-component plasmas consisting of positively charged dust grains, trapped ions, nonthermal electrons, and photoelectron due to ultraviolet irradiation.We use generalized viscoelastic hydrodynamic model for strongly coupled dust grain. In the weak nonlinearity limit, a modified Kadomstev–Petviashvili（KP） equation and a modified KP-Burger equation, which have a damping term coming from nonadiabatic charge variation, have been derived in the kinetic regime and hydrodynamic regime, respectively. With the increasing of UV photon flux, the hydrodynamic regime changes to kinetic regime. The approximate analytical line soliton and shock solutions are investigated in the kinetic regime and hydrodynamic regime, respectively.