This study employs 920,108 invention patents from the State Intellectual Property of China(SIPO)to examine the impact of two patent law amendments,which occurred in 1993 and 2001 respectively,on the patent grant.The f...This study employs 920,108 invention patents from the State Intellectual Property of China(SIPO)to examine the impact of two patent law amendments,which occurred in 1993 and 2001 respectively,on the patent grant.The first patent law amendment in 1993 led to less strict criteria for patent approval.And the second patent law amendment,which occurred in 2001,showed a similar positive impact on patenting as well.It is more likely that the first patent law amendment encouraged foreign applicants to make patent application,because their applications and grant share started to rise after 1993.By contrast,the second patent law amendment played an opposite role by motivating Chinese applicants to make patent application,which is reflected by a rise of application and grant share by Chinese applicants in post-2001 period.Patent grant is viewed as one of the key indicators for judging the patent value.We find that foreign applicants from the U.S.,Japan and European Union have higher patent grant rate than that of Chinese applicants,suggesting that patents held by foreign applicants may have higher potential value than those held by Chinese applicants.Different types of applicants may differ from each other in terms of the patent grant rate,where research institutes have higher patent grant rate than that of corporations and individuals.Since the filed patents in China can enjoy a provisional protection for 3 years at most,some applicants do not request their examination.After an examination of the novelty,inventiveness and practicality of patent,the patent office determines whether to grant it.By using a bivariate probit model,we make an econometric analysis of this case.The result confirms the positive impact of both patent law amendments in 1993 and 2001 on the patent grant.We also find other determinants of the patent grant,for example,R&D human capital investment,applicant’s competitive technology advantage in the patent’s field,and applicant’s research ability,play positive roles in driving applicant to ask for examination.Patent’s complexity plays a positive role in driving the patent office to grant it.We discuss the significance of our study at the end of this paper.展开更多
Patent Statistics Beginning from No.2 of 2005 of China Patents & Trademarks, the Statistics on Patent Applications & Grants in China, previously published under the column of Statistics, will be updated online...Patent Statistics Beginning from No.2 of 2005 of China Patents & Trademarks, the Statistics on Patent Applications & Grants in China, previously published under the column of Statistics, will be updated online, including the monthly Statistics on Patent Applications by Patent Category, the Patent Grants by Patent Category, the Domestic Patent Applications by Province, and the Overseas Patent Applications by Country, and their yearly statistics at www.cpt.cn or www.cpahkltd.com/cn/ Publications/staten.htm...展开更多
[目的]探讨痛风相关国家专利中药组方的用药规律,并分析核心药物的作用机制。[方法]通过中国专利公布公告网站检索治疗痛风的中药组方,提取数据并构建数据库。通过频数统计、Apriori算法、因子分析及系统聚类方法进行用药特点分析。在...[目的]探讨痛风相关国家专利中药组方的用药规律,并分析核心药物的作用机制。[方法]通过中国专利公布公告网站检索治疗痛风的中药组方,提取数据并构建数据库。通过频数统计、Apriori算法、因子分析及系统聚类方法进行用药特点分析。在中药系统药理学分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP)中获取核心药物组合的中药靶点,在人类基因数据库(Human Gene database,GeneCards)、人类在线孟德尔遗传(Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,OMIM)数据库中获得痛风疾病靶点,取两者靶点交集,将其导入Cytoscape 3.9.1软件,应用ClueGo插件对药物组合进行京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)富集分析。将交集靶点导入STRING数据库,构建蛋白互作(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络,选取部分关键靶点,使之与对应的中药活性化合物进行分子对接。[结果]纳入治疗痛风的专利中药组方共508项,涉及中药401味,用药频数共6082次,药物类别以利水渗湿药为主,其次为补虚药、清热药及活血化瘀药等。关联规则分析得到二项关联规则3条,三项关联规则5条。因子分析共提取出8个公因子。系统聚类分析得到3组药物组合,药物组合富集的共同生物学通路56条。分子对接结果显示,槲皮素与肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)的结合效果最好,黄芩素与白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)结合效果次之,槲皮素与三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运蛋白2(adenosine triphosphate binding cassette super family G member 2,ABCG2)的结合效果较好。[结论]治疗痛风的国家专利组方多以“湿浊瘀阻”为核心病机,从湿、瘀、虚三方面治疗痛风,药物组合常以四妙散、茯苓泽泻汤和四物汤为基础加减,其主要通过TNF、缺氧诱导因子-1(hypoxia inducible factor-1,HIF-1)、Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)、IL-17等信号通路减轻炎症反应,促进尿酸排泄来发挥治疗作用。展开更多
基金supported by National Science Foundation of China(71872169)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(9202019)
文摘This study employs 920,108 invention patents from the State Intellectual Property of China(SIPO)to examine the impact of two patent law amendments,which occurred in 1993 and 2001 respectively,on the patent grant.The first patent law amendment in 1993 led to less strict criteria for patent approval.And the second patent law amendment,which occurred in 2001,showed a similar positive impact on patenting as well.It is more likely that the first patent law amendment encouraged foreign applicants to make patent application,because their applications and grant share started to rise after 1993.By contrast,the second patent law amendment played an opposite role by motivating Chinese applicants to make patent application,which is reflected by a rise of application and grant share by Chinese applicants in post-2001 period.Patent grant is viewed as one of the key indicators for judging the patent value.We find that foreign applicants from the U.S.,Japan and European Union have higher patent grant rate than that of Chinese applicants,suggesting that patents held by foreign applicants may have higher potential value than those held by Chinese applicants.Different types of applicants may differ from each other in terms of the patent grant rate,where research institutes have higher patent grant rate than that of corporations and individuals.Since the filed patents in China can enjoy a provisional protection for 3 years at most,some applicants do not request their examination.After an examination of the novelty,inventiveness and practicality of patent,the patent office determines whether to grant it.By using a bivariate probit model,we make an econometric analysis of this case.The result confirms the positive impact of both patent law amendments in 1993 and 2001 on the patent grant.We also find other determinants of the patent grant,for example,R&D human capital investment,applicant’s competitive technology advantage in the patent’s field,and applicant’s research ability,play positive roles in driving applicant to ask for examination.Patent’s complexity plays a positive role in driving the patent office to grant it.We discuss the significance of our study at the end of this paper.
文摘Patent Statistics Beginning from No.2 of 2005 of China Patents & Trademarks, the Statistics on Patent Applications & Grants in China, previously published under the column of Statistics, will be updated online, including the monthly Statistics on Patent Applications by Patent Category, the Patent Grants by Patent Category, the Domestic Patent Applications by Province, and the Overseas Patent Applications by Country, and their yearly statistics at www.cpt.cn or www.cpahkltd.com/cn/ Publications/staten.htm...
文摘[目的]探讨痛风相关国家专利中药组方的用药规律,并分析核心药物的作用机制。[方法]通过中国专利公布公告网站检索治疗痛风的中药组方,提取数据并构建数据库。通过频数统计、Apriori算法、因子分析及系统聚类方法进行用药特点分析。在中药系统药理学分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP)中获取核心药物组合的中药靶点,在人类基因数据库(Human Gene database,GeneCards)、人类在线孟德尔遗传(Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,OMIM)数据库中获得痛风疾病靶点,取两者靶点交集,将其导入Cytoscape 3.9.1软件,应用ClueGo插件对药物组合进行京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)富集分析。将交集靶点导入STRING数据库,构建蛋白互作(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络,选取部分关键靶点,使之与对应的中药活性化合物进行分子对接。[结果]纳入治疗痛风的专利中药组方共508项,涉及中药401味,用药频数共6082次,药物类别以利水渗湿药为主,其次为补虚药、清热药及活血化瘀药等。关联规则分析得到二项关联规则3条,三项关联规则5条。因子分析共提取出8个公因子。系统聚类分析得到3组药物组合,药物组合富集的共同生物学通路56条。分子对接结果显示,槲皮素与肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)的结合效果最好,黄芩素与白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)结合效果次之,槲皮素与三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运蛋白2(adenosine triphosphate binding cassette super family G member 2,ABCG2)的结合效果较好。[结论]治疗痛风的国家专利组方多以“湿浊瘀阻”为核心病机,从湿、瘀、虚三方面治疗痛风,药物组合常以四妙散、茯苓泽泻汤和四物汤为基础加减,其主要通过TNF、缺氧诱导因子-1(hypoxia inducible factor-1,HIF-1)、Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)、IL-17等信号通路减轻炎症反应,促进尿酸排泄来发挥治疗作用。
