The regulation of stomatal aperture opening and closure represents an evolutionary battle between plants and pathogens,characterized by adaptive strategies that influence both plant resistance and pathogen virulence.T...The regulation of stomatal aperture opening and closure represents an evolutionary battle between plants and pathogens,characterized by adaptive strategies that influence both plant resistance and pathogen virulence.The ongoing climate change introduces further complexity,affecting pathogen invasion and host immunity.This review delves into recent advances on our understanding of the mechanisms governing immunity-related stomatal movement and patterning with an emphasis on the regulation of stomatal opening and closure dynamics by pathogen patterns and host phytocytokines.In addition,the review explores how climate changes impact plant–pathogen interactions by modulating stomatal behavior.In light of the pressing challenges associated with food security and the unpredictable nature of climate changes,future research in this field,which includes the investigation of spatiotemporal regulation and engineering of stomatal immunity,emerges as a promising avenue for enhancing crop resilience and contributing to climate control strategies.展开更多
Wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst)poses a great threat to wheat production worldwide.The rapid change in virulence of Pst leads to a loss of resistance in currently resistant wheat cult...Wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst)poses a great threat to wheat production worldwide.The rapid change in virulence of Pst leads to a loss of resistance in currently resistant wheat cultivars,which results in frequent disease epidemics.Therefore,a major focus is currently placed on investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying this rapid variation of pathogenicity and coevolving wheat resistance.Limited by the lack of a system for stable transformation of Pst and the difficulties in wheat transformation,it is not easy to generate deeper insights into the wheat-Pst interaction using established genetic methods.Nevertheless,considerable effort has been made to unravel the wheat-Pst interaction and significant progress is being made.Histology and cytology have revealed basic details of infection strategies and defense responses during wheat-Pst interactions,identified cellular components involved in wheat-Pst interactions,and have helped to elucidate their role in the infection process or in plant defense responses.Transcriptome and genome sequencing has revealed the molecular features and dynamics of the wheat-Pst pathosystem.Extensive molecular analyses have led to the identification of major components in the wheat resistance response and in Pst virulence.Studies of wheat-Pst interactions have now entered a new phase in which cellular and molecular approaches are being used.This review focuses on the cellular biology of wheat-Pst interactions and integrates the emerging data from molecular analyses with the histocytological observations.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation(NSF)(MCB-1906060)National Institutes of Health(NIH)(R35GM149197)to P.H.,the NIH(R35GM144275)+1 种基金NSF(IOS-2049642)to L.S.the Youth Innovation Technology Project of Higher School in Shandong Province(2020KJF013)to S.H.
文摘The regulation of stomatal aperture opening and closure represents an evolutionary battle between plants and pathogens,characterized by adaptive strategies that influence both plant resistance and pathogen virulence.The ongoing climate change introduces further complexity,affecting pathogen invasion and host immunity.This review delves into recent advances on our understanding of the mechanisms governing immunity-related stomatal movement and patterning with an emphasis on the regulation of stomatal opening and closure dynamics by pathogen patterns and host phytocytokines.In addition,the review explores how climate changes impact plant–pathogen interactions by modulating stomatal behavior.In light of the pressing challenges associated with food security and the unpredictable nature of climate changes,future research in this field,which includes the investigation of spatiotemporal regulation and engineering of stomatal immunity,emerges as a promising avenue for enhancing crop resilience and contributing to climate control strategies.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB127700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31401693)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2014M550514).
文摘Wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst)poses a great threat to wheat production worldwide.The rapid change in virulence of Pst leads to a loss of resistance in currently resistant wheat cultivars,which results in frequent disease epidemics.Therefore,a major focus is currently placed on investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying this rapid variation of pathogenicity and coevolving wheat resistance.Limited by the lack of a system for stable transformation of Pst and the difficulties in wheat transformation,it is not easy to generate deeper insights into the wheat-Pst interaction using established genetic methods.Nevertheless,considerable effort has been made to unravel the wheat-Pst interaction and significant progress is being made.Histology and cytology have revealed basic details of infection strategies and defense responses during wheat-Pst interactions,identified cellular components involved in wheat-Pst interactions,and have helped to elucidate their role in the infection process or in plant defense responses.Transcriptome and genome sequencing has revealed the molecular features and dynamics of the wheat-Pst pathosystem.Extensive molecular analyses have led to the identification of major components in the wheat resistance response and in Pst virulence.Studies of wheat-Pst interactions have now entered a new phase in which cellular and molecular approaches are being used.This review focuses on the cellular biology of wheat-Pst interactions and integrates the emerging data from molecular analyses with the histocytological observations.