Investigation on Pathogenic Factors of Tobacco Root-Knot Nematode Disease in Gengma County,Yunnan Province

Tobacco root-knot nematode disease has caused severe damage in Geng- ma County, Yunnan Province. In order to identify the pathogenic factors of the tobac- co root-knot nematode disease in this county, the pathogenic nematodes, hosts and environment of tobacco fields in Mengsa, Hepai and Sipaishan 3 main tobacco-grow- ing towns in Gengma County were investigated and analyzed based on the local re- lated field survey on tobacco root-knot nematode disease in this county in 2012. The results showed the incidence and severity of the tobacco root-knot nematode disease were all higher than those of previous years. dominant pathogens of the tobacco root-knot The species identification showed the nematode disease were Meloidogyne arenaria and M. javanica in Gengma County. The lacking of disease-resistant culti- vars, poor management and climatic anomaly were the main causes of the tobacco root-knot nematode disease in Gengma. According to the occurrence characteristics of the disease, the agricultural prevention-based control measures were proposed.

Effect of Lanthanum on Mycelium Growth and Some Pathogenic Factors

Three soil-transmitted pathogenic fungi including Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, and Pythium sp. were selected to investigate the effect of lanthanum on their growth and the pathogenic enzymes using liquid culture. Variance analysis shows significant differences among treatments with different concentrations of lanthanum （Rhizoctonia solani F = 6.75 〉 F0.01= 5.99; Fusarium solani F = 18.1 〉 F0.01 = 5.99, Pythium sp. F = 23.29 〉 F0.01 = 5.99）. The inhibitory effect of lanthanum on pathogenic fungi increased with an increase in La concentration. The activities of the three pathogenic enzymes per gram mycelium were promoted remarkably. However, the quantity or the activities of the total enzymes were inhibited because of the strong inhibition of mycelium growth by lanthanum. Meanwhile, the effect of lanthanum on toxins of pathogenic fungi were studied using the seed germination experiment. Toxins of pathogenic fungi are influenced by lanthanum and the virulence decreases significantly with the increase of lanthanum concentration.

Occurrence Factors and Efficient Green Prevention and Control Technology of Peanut Stem Rot Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Southern Mountainous Area of Shandong Province

Peanut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a soil-borne disease,and it has become the main disease of peanut in Yimeng mountainous area.S.rolfsii survives the winter as mycelia and sclerotia in soil and debris,becoming the primary source of infection in the following year.The disease resistance of peanut varieties,high temperature and humidity,and cultivation measures are the pathogenic factors affecting the occurrence of peanut stem rot.The disease can be effectively controlled by screening disease-resistant varieties and seed chemical treatment,improving soil by deep tillage and crop rotation,carrying out flowing water management of affected field,cutting off transmission routes,and strengthening seed dressing and triple spraying control.

Putative Phosphatase UvPsr1 Is Required for Mycelial Growth, Conidiation, Stress Response and Pathogenicity in Ustilaginonidea virens

Ustilaginoidea virens is the causal agent of rice false smut,which can be a highly destructive disease of rice.The plasma membrane phosphatase Psr1 proteins,which act as a regulator of the salinity stress response in yeast,are widely distributed across fungi,but their functional characterization is sketchy.In this study,we characterized the functions of Psr1 protein,UvPsr1,in U.virens.Analyses of the AUvpsr1 and its complementation strain showed that UvPsr1 is required for normal mycelial growth,conidiation and tolerance to oxidative,osmotic and cell wall stresses.When rice panicles were inoculated with the AUvpsr1 strains,no symptoms of false smut disease developed,showing that UvPSR1 also contributes to the pathogenicity of the fungus.The deletion mutant of UvPSR1 also appeared to produce a smaller titer of toxic compounds able to inhibit elongation of the germinated seeds.In conclusion,our results indicated that UvPsr1 is a new pathogenic factor of U.virens.

Research Progress on Metabolic Diseases in Rural Areas

Through the review of relevant literature in recent years,it is found that the incidence rate of metabolic diseases in rural areas is on the rise:The related factors that may cause diseases include diet structure,exercise habits,medical resources and other aspects.At the same time,there are some limitations in the intervention and treatment measures of this kind of disease.It is urgent to carry out in-depth exploration for the special conditions in rural areas.By reviewing the research progress related to metabolic diseases in rural areas,more new ideas are provided for the treatment and improvement of metabolic diseases in rural areas.

Relevance on the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of the salivary gland

Malignant lymphoma originates from the lymphohematopoietic system.It can occur in any lymphoid tissue.Malignant lymphoma of the salivary gland is rare,but its incidence has increased in recent years.Its clinical-presentations are nonspecific,and it is often manifested as a painless mass in a salivary gland,which can be accompanied by multiple swollen cervical lymph nodes.Confirmation of the diagnosis before an invasive procedure is difficult.Clinically,malignant lymphoma of the salivary gland tends to be misdiagnosed,leading to an inappropriate treatment plan and the ultimate delay in the optimal treatment of the disease.This article reviews the pathogenesis,clinical features,imaging findings,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of malignant lymphoma of the salivary gland.

Research Advances in Stem Bleeding Disease of Cocos nucifera L.

Stem bleeding disease of coconut(Cocos nucifera L.)is an important disease in main coconut producing areas in China.This article reviews taxonomic status and biological characteristics of Ceratocystis paradoxa,as well as the occurrence regularity,pathogenic factors,propagation path and integrated control methods of stem bleeding disease of coconut.The main problems in the study of stem bleeding disease are summarized,and the future research directions are prospected.

A Preliminary Study on Principle of Etiology Mechanism

Based on the inspiration from Hetu and Luoshu,a principle diagram of pathogenicity of pathogenic factors was established.Accordingly,the inner correlations between pathogenic factor type and biological factors,and between pathogenic factors and host were analyzed.Mechanism of pathogenesis was discussed with five representative cases.The result indicated that effect of biological factors on host could be proved only with the performance of internalization conditions of biological factor and host.The reciprocal transformation between biological factors and pathogenic factors was decided by interaction and state of co-existed factors and host.The results suggested that it is a better and attractive choice to regulate and optimize the host’s state in practice than direct elimination of pathogens with antibiotics.

Experience in the Treatment of Tumors by Replenishing Qi and Nourishing Blood,Detoxicating and Resolving Masses

The pathogenesis of malignant tumors is the deficiency of vital Qi and the excess of pathogenic Qi.Its basic treating principle is to strengthen vital Qi to eliminate pathogenic factor.The paper is to summarize the clinical experiences in tumor treatment of Dr.Chen Shizhou,a well-known traditional Chinese medicine expert in Weifang City,Shandong Province.He put forward the treatment method of"replenishing Qi and nourishing blood,detoxicating and resolving masses",paying attention to protecting stomach qi and advocating survival with tumor,with remarkable clinical effects.

Research Progress on Prevention and Treatment of Glucolipid Metabolic Disease with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

Hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver and many other metabolic disorder are frequently co-existing in patients. In addition, these diseases are closely related in pathophysiological settings. However, increasing of the disease incidence, lacking of comprehensive prevention and control measurements against the key pathology point concomitant occurrence with the pattem of the single disease, single target therapy, that is leading therapeutic strategy for these metabolic disorders in the setting of Western medicine （WM）. On the basis of the combination of the advantages of integrated Chinese medicine （CM） and WM, with unified understanding of such diseases, the new concept of glucolipid metabolic disease （GLMD） is introduced. In this new concept, disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism are recognized as the key trigger and major driving force for the progress of GLMD. The key points of pathology included dysfunction of neuronal-endocrine-immune system,insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal flora imbalance. In the core pathogenic perspective of CM, it can be explained as ＂Gan （Liver） Shi Shu Xie＂ （dysfunction of Gan in metabolism and emotion regulation） that will lead to the occurence/production of endogenous dampness and phlegm, blood stasis and turbid. This leads to the new concept of ＂Liver-based regulatory system for metabolic homeostasis＂ to be introduced further. The comprehensive prevention and control strategy ＂Tiao Gan Qi Shu Hua Zhuo＂ （modulating Gan, trigging key metabolic system to resolve pathogenic factors such as phlegm retention and dampness）. Its representative formula Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi Capsule （复方贞术调脂胶囊） is innovated under such rationales. Comment for some commonly-used CM GLMD therapeutic drugs was presented. High-level evidence-based and epidemiological and mechanism studies should be carded out to further interpret and explain of the scientific connotation of GLMD.

New Analysis of Banxia Xiexin Decoction and Its Similar Prescriptions in Treatise on Febrile Diseases to Explore the Universality of the Treatment and Compatibility Principle

Objective:The objective of this study is to explore the treatment and compatibility principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Materials and Methods:Syndrome differentiation is used to identify the etiology,nature,and location of a disease and the relationship between the healthy Qi and pathogenic factors by analyzing and synthesizing the four diagnostics data.The theory of treatment is to determine the principle and methods of treatment according to the results of syndrome differentiation and implement them as a specific prescription.This paper bears witness to the principle universality by analysis of the articles of the Banxia Xiexin Decoction,and it equally has analogical prescriptions in Treatise on Febrile Diseases.Results:The treatment and compatibility principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine are the same,that is,rectifying the deviation on three dimensions,strengthening the healthy Qi,and eliminating pathogenic factors in the light of its general trend.Conclusion:The treatment and compatibility principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine are the same,The treatment and compatibility principles provide a new thinking for clinical treatment.

An Efficient WRF Framework for Discovering Risk Genes and Abnormal Brain Regions in Parkinson's Disease Based on Imaging Genetics Data

As an emerging research field of brain science,multimodal data fusion analysis has attracted broader attention in the study of complex brain diseases such as Parkinson's disease(PD).However,current studies primarily lie with detecting the association among different modal data and reducing data attributes.The data mining method after fusion and the overall analysis framework are neglected.In this study,we propose a weighted random forest(WRF)model as the feature screening classifier.The interactions between genes and brain regions are detected as input multimodal fusion features by the correlation analysis method.We implement sample classification and optimal feature selection based on WRF,and construct a multimodal analysis framework for exploring the pathogenic factors of PD.The experimental results in Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative(PPMI)database show that WRF performs better compared with some advanced methods,and the brain regions and genes related to PD are detected.The fusion of multi-modal data can improve the classification of PD patients and detect the pathogenic factors more comprehensively,which provides a novel perspective for the diagnosis and research of PD.We also show the great potential of WRF to perform the multimodal data fusion analysis of other brain diseases.