Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of chicken reoviruses in China

supported by the China Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center;the China Agriculture Research System Poultry-Related Science and Technology Innovation Team of Peking, China （CARS-PSTP）

Pathogenic analysis of coxsackievirus A10 in rhesus macaques

Coxsackievirus A10(CV-A10)is one of the etiological agents associated with hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)and also causes a variety of illnesses in humans,including pneumonia,and myocarditis.Different people,particularly young children,may have different immunological responses to infection.Current CV-A10 infection animal models provide only a rudimentary understanding of the pathogenesis and effects of this virus.The characteristics of CV-A10 infection,replication,and shedding in humans remain unknown.In this study,rhesus macaques were infected by CV-A10 via respiratory or digestive route to mimic the HFMD in humans.The clinical symptoms,viral shedding,inflammatory response and pathologic changes were investigated in acute infection(1–11 day post infection)and recovery period(12–180 day post infection).All infected rhesus macaques during acute infection showed obvious viremia and clinical symptoms which were comparable to those observed in humans.Substantial inflammatory pathological damages were observed in multi-organs,including the lung,heart,liver,and kidney.During the acute period,all rhesus macaques displayed clinical signs,viral shedding,normalization of serum cytokines,and increased serum neutralizing antibodies,whereas inflammatory factors caused some animals to develop severe hyperglycemia during the recovery period.In addition,there were no significant differences between respiratory and digestive tract infected animals.Overall,all data presented suggest that the rhesus macaques provide the first non-human primate animal model for investigating CV-A10 pathophysiology and assessing the development of potential human therapies.

First Complete Genome Sequence of a Probiotic Enterococcus faecium Strain T-110 and Its Comparative Genome Analysis with Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Enterococcus faecium Genomes

Enterococci bacteria are important in environmental, food and clinical microbiology. Enterococcus faecium is a nosocomial pathogen that causes bacteremia, endocarditis and other infections. It is among the most prevalent organisms encountered in hospital-associated infections accounting for approximately 12% of nosocomial infections in the USA （Linden and Miller, 1999）. However, certain strains of E. faecium are not only non-pathogenic but also have beneficial effects on human health with probiotic potential. For example, E. faecium T-110 is a consortium member in several probiotic products including BIO-THREE~ which is widely prescribed for human, animal and aqua-cultural use. This strain was originally developed by TOA Pharmaceuticals in Japan, and later used in the probiotic products of several other companies.