Alterations of tumor-related genes do not exactly match the histopathological grade in gastric adenocarcinomas

AIM:To investigate the diverse characteristics of different pathological gradings of gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) using tumor-related genes.METHODS:GA tissues in different pathological gradings and normal tissues were subjected to tissue arrays.Expressions of 15 major tumor-related genes were detected by RNA in situ hybridization along with 3' terminal digoxin-labeled anti-sense single strandedoligonucleotide and locked nucleic acid modifying probe within the tissue array.The data obtained were processed by support vector machines by four different feature selection methods to discover the respective critical gene/gene subsets contributing to the GA activities of different pathological gradings.RESULTS:In comparison of poorly differentiated GA with normal tissues,tumor-related gene TP53 plays a key role,although other six tumor-related genes could also achieve the Area Under Curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic independently by more than 80%.Comparing the well differentiated GA with normal tissues,we found that 11 tumor-related genes could independently obtain the AUC by more than 80%,but only the gene subsets,TP53,RB and PTEN,play a key role.Only the gene subsets,Bcl10,UVRAG,APC,Beclin1,NM23,PTEN and RB could distinguish between the poorly differentiated and well differentiated GA.None of a single gene could obtain a valid distinction.CONCLUSION:Different from the traditional point of view,the well differentiated cancer tissues have more alterations of important tumor-related genes than the poorly differentiated cancer tissues.

Enhancement parameters of contrast-enhanced computed tomography for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Correlation with pathologic grading

BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDA)is a malignancy with a high mortality rate and short survival time.The conventional computed tomography(CT)has been worldwide used as a modality for diagnosis of PDA,as CT enhancement pattern has been thought to be related to tumor angiogenesis and pathologic grade of PDA.AIM To evaluate the relationship between the pathologic grade of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the enhancement parameters of contrast-enhanced CT.METHODS In this retrospective study,42 patients(Age,mean±SD:62.43±11.42 years)with PDA who underwent surgery after preoperative CT were selected.Two radiologists evaluated the CT images and calculated the value of attenuation at the aorta in the arterial phase and the pancreatic phase(VAarterial and VApancreatic)and of the tumor(VTarterial and VTpancreatic)by finding out four regions of interest.Ratio between the tumor and the aorta enhancement on the arterial phase and the pancreatic phase(TARarterial and TARpancreatic)was figured out through dividing VT arterial by VAarterial and VTpancreatic by VApancreatic.Tumor-to-aortic enhancement fraction(TAF)was expressed as the ratio of the difference between attenuation of the tumor on arterial and parenchymal images to that between attenuation of the aorta on arterial and pancreatic images.The Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney U test for statistical analysis were used.RESULTS Forty-two PDAs(23 men and 19 women)were divided into three groups:Welldifferentiated(n=13),moderately differentiated(n=21),and poorly differentiated(n=8).TAF differed significantly between the three groups(P=0.034)but TARarterial(P=0.164)and TARpancreatic(P=0.339)did not.The median value of TAF for poorly differentiated PDAs(0.1011;95%CI:0.01100-0.1796)was significantly higher than that for well-differentiated PDAs(0.1941;95%CI:0.1463-0.3194).CONCLUSION Calculation of TAF might be useful in predicting the pathologic grade of PDA.

Factors associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumor rupture and pathological risk:A single-center retrospective study

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST)is a rare gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumor with potential malignancy.Once the tumor ruptures,regardless of tumor size and mitotic number,it can be identified into a high-risk group.It is of great significance for the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of GIST if non-invasive examination can be performed before surgery to accurately assess the risk of tumor.AIM To identify the factors associated with GIST rupture and pathological risk.METHODS A cohort of 50 patients with GISTs,as confirmed by postoperative pathology,was selected from our hospital.Clinicopathological and computed tomography data of the patients were collected.Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with GIST rupture and pathological risk grade.RESULTS Pathological risk grade,tumor diameter,tumor morphology,internal necrosis,gas-liquid interface,and Ki-67 index exhibited significant associations with GIST rupture(P<0.05).Gender,tumor diameter,tumor rupture,and Ki-67 index were found to be correlated with pathological risk grade of GIST(P<0.05).Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that male gender and tumor diameter≥10 cm were independent predictors of a high pathological risk grade of GIST[odds ratio(OR)=11.12,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.81-68.52,P=0.01;OR=22.96,95%CI:2.19-240.93,P=0.01].Tumor diameter≥10 cm,irregular shape,internal necrosis,gas-liquid interface,and Ki-67 index≥10 were identified as independent predictors of a high risk of GIST rupture(OR=9.67,95%CI:2.15-43.56,P=0.01;OR=35.44,95%CI:4.01-313.38,P<0.01;OR=18.75,95%CI:3.40-103.34,P<0.01;OR=27.00,95%CI:3.10-235.02,P<0.01;OR=4.43,95%CI:1.10-17.92,P=0.04).CONCLUSION Tumor diameter,tumor morphology,internal necrosis,gas-liquid,and Ki-67 index are associated with GIST rupture,while gender and tumor diameter are linked to the pathological risk of GIST.These findings contribute to our understanding of GIST and may inform non-invasive examination strategies and risk assessment for this condition.

The diagnostic correlations of bone scintigraphy,pathological grade and PSA for metastatic prostate cancers

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the correlations between pathological grade, serum prostatespecific antigen （PSA） and bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of metastasis diseases for prostate cancers, and to explore the characteristics of bone metastases for prostate cancer. Methods： Seventy-seven newly diagnosed prostate cancers were reviewed in the study. All the cases underwent bone scintigraphy, total serum PSA measurement by luminescent immunoassay before operation and were classified according to post-operative pathology diagnosis. We analyzed the correlations of the bone metastasis incidences and different pathological grades or different PSA levels. Results： Bone scans were indicative of metastases in 33 cases （42.86%）. Significantly higher incidence of bone metastasis was observed in patients with poorly differentiated prostate cancer compared with patients with well （X2 = 10.880, P = 0.001 〈 0.05） and moderately （X2 = 6.166, P = 0.013 〈 0.05） differentiated prostate cancers. No significant difference between the well differentiated and moderately differentiated prostate cancers was found （X2 = 0.612, P = 0.434 〉 0.05）. The serum PSA concentration had＇significant correlation with the incidence of bone metastasis. In 26 patients with PSA 〈 20 ng/mL, 5 cases （19.23%） had bone metastasis while 28 of 51 cases （54.90%） with PSA〉 20 ng/mL had bone metastasis. The serum PSA concentration had positive correlation with pathological grades of prostate cancer （r = 0.535, P = 0.01）. Conclusion： Bone scintigraphy plays a great role in the diagnosis of bone metastasis for prostate cancer patients currently. The poorly differentiated prostate cancer and PSA 〉 20 ng/mL most likely suggested the possibility of bone metastasis.

Liver pathology of hepatitis C,beyond grading and stagingof the disease

Liver biopsy evaluation plays a critical role in management of patients with viral hepatitis C. In patients with acute viral hepatitis, a liver biopsy, though uncommonly performed, helps to rule out other nonviral causes of deranged liver function. In chronic viral hepatitis C, it is considered the gold standard in assessment of the degree of necroinflammation and the stage of fibrosis, to help guide treatment and determine prognosis. It also helps rule out any concomitant diseases such as steatohepatitis, hemochromatosis or others. In patients with chronic progressive liver disease with cirrhosis and dominant nodules, a targeted liver biopsy is helpful in differentiating a regenerative nodule from dysplastic nodule or hepatocellular carcinoma. In the setting of transplantation, the liver biopsy helps distinguish recurrent hepatitis C from acute rejection and also is invaluable in the diagnosis of fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis, a rare variant of recurrent hepatitis C. This comprehensive review discusses the entire spectrum of pathologic findings in the course of hepatitis C infection.

Predictors of pathologic complete response in patients with residual flat mucosal lesions after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer

Objective:The accurate prediction of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(nCRT)remains challenging.Few studies have investigated pathologic complete response(ypCR)prediction in patients with residual flat mucosal lesions after treatment.This study aimed to identify variables for predicting ypCR in patients with residual flat mucosal lesions after nCRT for locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC).Methods:Data of patients with residual flat mucosal lesions after nCRT who underwent radical resection between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively collected from the LARC database at Peking University Cancer Hospital.Univariate and multivariate analyses of the association between clinicopathological factors and ypCR were performed,and a nomogram was constructed by incorporating the significant predictors.Results:Of the 246 patients with residual flat mucosal lesions included in the final analysis,56(22.8%)had ypCR.Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that pretreatment cT stage(pre-cT)≤T2(P=0.016),magnetic resonance tumor regression grade(MR-TRG)1-3(P=0.001)and residual mucosal lesion depth=0 mm(P<0.001)were associated with a higher rate of ypCR.A nomogram was developed with a concordance index(C-index)of0.759 and the calibration curve showed that the nomogram model had good predictive consistency.The follow-up time ranged from 3.0 to 113.3 months,with a median follow-up time of 63.77 months.The multivariate Cox regression model showed that the four variables in the nomogram model were not risk factors for disease-free survival(DFS)or overall survival(OS).Conclusions:Completely flat mucosa,early cT stage and good MR-TRG were predictive factors for ypCR instead of DFS or OS in patients with LARC with residual flat mucosal lesions after nCRT.Endoscopic mucosal re-evaluation before surgery is important,as it may contribute to decision-making and facilitate nonoperative management or organ preservation.

Extent and predictors of grade upgrading and downgrading in an Australian cohort according to the new prostate cancer grade groupings

Object:To determine the extent and impact of upgrading and downgrading among men who underwent radical prostatectomy(RP)according to new grade groupings and to identify predictors of upgrading from biopsy grade Group Ⅰ and Ⅱ,and downgrading to grade Group I,in a community setting.Methods:Study participants included 2279 men with non-metastatic prostate cancer diagnosed 2006-2015 who underwent prostatectomy,from the multi-institutional South Australia Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative registry.Extent of up-or down-grading was assessed by comparing biopsy and prostatectomy grade groupings.Risk of biochemical recurrence(BCR)with upgrading was assessed using multivariable competing risk regression.Binomial logistic regression was used to identify pre-treatment predictors of upgrading from grade Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,and risk group reclassification among men with low risk disease.Results:Upgrading occurred in 35%of cases,while downgrading occurred in 13%of cases.Sixty percent with grade Group I disease were upgraded following prostatectomy.Upgrading from grade Group I was associated with greater risk of BCR compared with concordant grading(Hazard ratio:3.1,95%confidence interval:1.7-6.0).Older age,higher prostate-specific antigen levels(PSA),fewer biopsy cores,higher number of positive cores and more recent diagnosis predicted upgrading from grade Group Ⅰ,while higher PSA and clinical stage predicted upgrading from grade Group Ⅱ.No clinical risk factors for reclassification were identified.Conclusion:Biopsy sampling errors may play an important role in upgrading from grade Group I.Improved clinical assessment of grade is needed to encourage greater uptake of active surveillance.

紫癜性肾炎患儿纤维蛋白原与国际小儿肾脏病研究组病理分级及肾单位微观病变的关系研究

背景 临床中紫癜性肾炎(HSPN)患儿多存在纤维蛋白原(FIB)升高现象,但FIB与肾脏病变相关性的研究较少。目的 探讨HSPN患儿FIB与国际小儿肾脏病研究组(ISKDC)病理分级及肾单位部分微观病理变化的相关性,明确FIB能否评估HSPN患儿肾损伤轻重。方法 收集2017年12月—2022年12月在河南中医药大学第一附属医院儿科医院肾病病区住院同时行肾活检的HSPN患儿922例,汇总其做肾活检期间的临床信息、FIB及肾脏病理信息,并依据FIB水平将患儿分为A组(偏低)<2.38 g/L、B组(标准)2.38~4.98 g/L、C组(偏高)>4.98 g/L。采用Spearman秩相关分析探究FIB与ISKDC病理分级、肾小球系膜增生比例、新月体增生比例及肾小球急慢性病变情况的相关性;再通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析FIB对肾单位微观病理变化的预测情况。结果 922例已做肾活检的HSPN患儿中,FIB为(3.48±1.01)g/L。A组113例,FIB偏低率占12.26%;B组734例,FIB标准率占79.61%;C组75例,FIB偏高率占8.13%。ISKDC病理分级中Ⅱa型173例(18.76%)、Ⅱb型29例(3.15%)、Ⅲa型466例(50.54%)、Ⅲb型232例(25.16%)、Ⅳ型及以上22例(2.39%)(其中Ⅳa型2例,Ⅳb型18例,Ⅴ型2例)。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,HSPN患儿FIB及FIB分组与肾脏病理ISKDC分级(r_(s)=0.146,P<0.001;r_(s)=0.129,P<0.001)呈正相关性。922例HSPN患儿中有911例(98.80%)存在系膜细胞增生,655例(71.04%)存在新月体增生。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,FIB、FIB分组均与系膜细胞增生率呈弱正相关性(r_(s)=0.092,P=0.005;r_(s)=0.096,P=0.003),与新月体增生率呈正相关性(r_(s)=0.132,P<0.001;r_(s)=0.830,P=0.012)。922例HSPN患儿中肾小球急性病变763例(82.75%)、急慢性病变97例(10.52%)、慢性病变62例(6.73%)。HSPN患儿FIB与肾小球病变的急慢性情况呈正相关(r_(s)=0.145,P<0.001)。同时,HSPN患儿部分肾活检指标FIB比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,FIB对肾小球硬化的灵敏度最高(灵敏度=0.900,特异度=0.303),FIB最佳截断值为2.835 mg/L;FIB对小管间质纤维化正向预测的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)=0.623,对小管细胞颗粒变性反向预测的AUC=0.641。结论 FIB可作为一项反映HSPN患儿肾脏病理变化轻重的实验室检查指标,能反映肾脏病理分级的轻重,与肾小球硬化、球囊粘连等肾单位微观指标关系密切,可协助临床诊断和治疗。

IDH突变和1p/19q共缺失型少突胶质细胞瘤临床病理特征和预后分析

目的探讨I D H突变和1p/19q共缺失型少突胶质细胞瘤的临床病理特征及预后相关影响因素。方法收集54例IDH突变和1p/19q共缺失型少突胶质细胞瘤病例,分析其临床病理特点,包括年龄、组织学分级和肿瘤部位等因素对无进展生存期和总生存期的影响。结果 54例患者中,肿瘤发生于1个脑叶者46例,发生于2个脑叶以上者8例。肿瘤组织学WHO分级2级12例,3级42例。FISH检测显示54例均为1p/19q共缺失;免疫组织化学检测显示Olig2均为弥漫强阳性;GFAP均为阳性;p53有6例强阳性;48例患者ATRX未缺失;Ki-67增殖指数5%~60%。Sanger测序显示54例均发生IDH基因突变(40例为IDH1突变,14例为IDH2突变),33例发生TERT启动子突变。16例在治疗过程中发生复发及转移。单因素分析显示,手术后复发转移间隔时间超过2年可以延长患者无进展生存和总生存期。54例患者平均无进展生存期33.5个月,平均总生存期40.7个月。结论 IDH突变和1p/19q共缺失型少突胶质细胞瘤术后联合精准放化疗降低了进展风险,手术后复发转移间隔时间与该型患者预后相关。

^(68)Ga-DOTATATE PETCT显像在神经内分泌肿瘤诊断及病理分级中的应用研究

目的探讨^(68)Ga-DOTATATE正电子发射断层成像(PET)/计算机断层成像(CT)在神经内分泌肿瘤(NET)诊断及病理分级中的应用价值。方法选择我院2022年1月到2023年6月期间86例疑似NET的患者为研究对象,经手术病理或病理活检结果确认74例为胃肠胰NET,12例为非NET。患者均接受多层螺旋CT(MSCT)、核磁共振成像(MRI)、^(68)Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT检查,分析患者影像学检查结果,探讨^(68)Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT显像在NET诊断及病理分级中的应用价值,按照病理诊断分级将G1级、G2级、G3级患者分别纳入A组、B组、C组,比较三组间病灶最大径、最大标准摄取值(SUV__(max))、平均标准摄取值(SUV_(mean))、肿瘤/本底比值(TBR)的差异。结果3种检查方法中,^(68)Ga-DOTATATE PETCT诊断效能最高,灵敏度为95.95%,特异度为83.33%,准确度为94.19%,kappa=0.766。三组间病灶最大径、SUV__(max)、SUV_(mean)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组病灶最大径小于B组、C组,B组病灶最大径小于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组SUV__(max)和SUV_(mean)大于B组、C组,B组SUV__(max)和SUV_(mean)大于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论^(68)Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT显像可以提高NET诊断价值,利于指导NET病理分级,有望为临床针对性治疗提供参考。

超声造影定量参数预测胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤病理分级的临床价值

目的探讨超声造影(CEUS)定量参数预测胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤(pNETs)病理分级的临床应用价值。方法选取我院经手术病理确诊的pNETs患者54例,依据WHO 2019病理分级标准分为G1/G2级组40例和G3级组14例,术前均行常规超声和CEUS检查,比较两组常规超声图像特征(肿瘤最大径、结构、位置、回声、边缘及有无主胰管扩张、内部血流情况)、CEUS图像特征(胰腺病变增强模式、动脉期增强程度、有无非增强坏死区域)及CEUS定量参数[相对峰值强度(rPI)、相对平均传输时间(rmTT)、相对上升时间(rRT)、相对达峰时间(rTTP)、相对曲线下面积(rAUC)]的差异。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析CEUS定量参数预测pNETs病理分级的诊断效能。结果两组常规超声图像特征、CEUS图像特征比较差异均无统计学意义。G1/G2级组rPI、rmTT、rAUC均高于G3级组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,rPI、rmTT和rAUC预测pNETs病理分级的曲线下面积分别为0.799、0.687、0.932,联合应用预测pNETs病理分级的AUC为0.980。结论CEUS定量参数可准确预测pNETs病理分级,其中rPI、rmTT和rAUC联合应用对预测pNETs病理分级具有较高的临床应用价值。

内镜热损伤术治疗胃低级别上皮内瘤变的临床疗效及术后病理升级的影响因素

目的探讨内镜热损伤术治疗胃低级别上皮内瘤变(LGIN)的临床疗效以及术后病理升级的影响因素。方法选取胃黏膜LGIN患者共98例,所有患者均接受内镜热损伤术治疗,并分析术后1年内的疗效情况;根据术后病理差异分为病理升级组和病理未升级组,采用多因素Logistic回归分析内镜热损伤术后LGIN患者出现病理升级的影响因素。结果98例患者治愈率术后12个月(82.65%)低于术后3个月(95.92%)、复发率(2.04%)高于术后3个月(11.11%)(P<0.05)。单因素结果分析显示,年龄、性别、幽门螺旋杆菌感染、病灶颜色、病变部位与内镜热损伤术后病理升级无关(P>0.05);病变直径、病灶形态、表面溃疡、自发性出血与内镜热损伤术后病理升级有关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,病变直径≥2 cm、凹陷型、有表面溃疡以及有自发性出血是LGIN患者内镜热损伤术后病理升级的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论内镜热损伤术治疗胃低级别上皮内瘤变的临床疗效较好,但患者在术后出现病理升级的概率较高,病变直径≥2 cm、凹陷型、有表面溃疡以及有自发性出血是术后病理升级的独立危险因素,临床中需针对高危人群给予积极干预,以减少疾病出现进展的几率。

乳腺癌超声特征与病理组织学分级的相关性分析

目的 探讨乳腺癌结节的超声特征与组织学分级之间的相关性。方法 选择经病理诊断为乳腺癌的141例患者,年龄31~79岁,平均年龄54.2岁;病程1~5年,平均病程3.7年;肿瘤直径7~30 mm,平均直径20.3 mm。行二维超声和彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI),观察指标包括结节形态、边界、纵横比、微钙化、后方声衰减、内部血流和腋窝淋巴结。病理组织学根据结节的腺管形成程度、细胞核多形性、核分裂计数分为Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级。统计分析乳腺癌结节的超声特征与其组织学分级及分级指标之间的相关性。结果 141例乳腺癌结节均为浸润性乳腺癌,病理组织学分级Ⅰ级24例,Ⅱ级72例,Ⅲ级45例。微钙化在不同病理组织学分级之间差异有统计学意义[51.77%(73/141) vs 48.23%(68/141)。P <0.05],而其他超声观察指标(形态、边界、纵横比、周围强回声声晕、后方衰减声影、内部血流、腋窝淋巴结转移)差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。微钙化在结节的腺管形成程度及核分裂计数之间的差异均有统计学意义[(2.77±0.46)分vs(2.59±0.57)分、(1.66±0.77)分vs (1.41±0.68)分。P <0.05],而在细胞核多形性之间差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论乳腺癌结节的超声影像中的微钙化与组织学分级及其指标有一定的相关性,是判读乳腺癌结节预后的重要影像学指标。

不同病理分级的直肠癌患者DCE-MRI参数及与预后的关系分析

目的:分析不同病理分级的直肠癌患者磁共振动态增强扫描(DCE-MRI)参数及其与预后的关系。方法:选取2021年9月—2022年9月江阴市人民医院收治的87例直肠癌患者为研究对象,均行DCE-MRI检查,病理组织分级为高分化/1级(26例)、中度分化/2级(52例)、低分化/3级(9例)。比较不同病理分级以及不同预后直肠癌患者DCE-MRI参数,采用Spearman相关系数分析DCE-MRI参数与直肠癌患者病理分级、预后的相关性。结果:直肠癌患者的病理分级越高,Ktrans值、Ve值、Kep值越大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。预后不良组DCE-MRI参数均高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。DCE-MRI参数(Ktrans、Ve、Kep)与直肠癌患者病理分级、预后均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:直肠癌患者病理分级越高,DCE-MRI参数(Ktrans、Ve、Kep)值越大,且DCE-MRI参数与直肠癌患者预后呈正相关。

影像组学在肝细胞癌辅助诊断中的研究进展

肝细胞癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其恶性程度高,预后性差,具有高发病率和高死亡率的特点。影像组学提供了一种量化分析方法,可将医学影像中的组织病理学、肿瘤生物学等信息转化为高维量化特征信息,并结合人工智能算法进行数据挖掘与统计分析,协助临床进行肿瘤的早期诊疗。本文介绍了影像组学在肝细胞癌鉴别诊断、病理分级、微血管侵犯与免疫组化标志物预测中的研究进展,讨论了在数据量、模型可靠性等方面存在的不足,并指出未来可向多中心、多任务等方向发展,以期为肝细胞癌的辅助诊断提供参考。

肾透明细胞癌患者血清miR-21及miR-27b与预后的关系

目的探究肾透明细胞癌患者血清微小RNA(miR)-21及miR-27b与预后的关系。方法筛选2019年2月至2021年4月青海大学附属医院收治的118例肾透明细胞癌患者作为研究对象,另选取院内同期健康体检患者118例作为对照组,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)法检测所有受试者血清miR-21及miR-27b表达。比较肾透明细胞癌患者及健康对照患者的血清miR-21及miR-27b相对表达量;不同病理分期、Fuhrman分级肾透明细胞癌患者的血清miR-21及miR-27b表达及相关性;血清miR-21及miR-27b表达与肾透明细胞癌患者生存预后的关系。结果肾透明细胞癌组患者的血清miR-21及miR-27b表达量均高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ期患者的血清miR-21表达量高于Ⅰ期(P<0.05),Ⅳ期患者的血清miR-21表达量高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期(P<0.05)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者的血清miR-27b表达量逐渐升高(P<0.05)。病理分期与血清miR-21及miR-27b表达均呈正相关(P<0.001)。Fuhrman分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级患者的血清miR-21、miR-27b表达量逐渐升高(P<0.05)。Fuhrman分级与血清miR-21及miR-27b表达均呈正相关(P<0.001)。miR-21高表达组与低表达组,miR-27b高表达组与低表达组患者的生存曲线比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肾透明细胞癌患者的血清miR-21及miR-27b表达水平可反映患者的病情进展及预后生存情况。

ROR1在不同组织学分级浸润性肺腺癌中的表达与临床意义

目的研究受体酪氨酸激酶样孤儿受体1(receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan rectetpor 1,ROR1)在不同组织学分级的浸润性肺腺癌中的表达情况,分析其与肺腺癌病理组织学分级的关系;探讨其是否可作为浸润性肺腺癌诊断评估的潜在指标。方法收集浸润性肺腺癌石蜡包埋组织标本290例,行HE染色切片后进行组织学分级,通过免疫组化染色,使用半定量法判读ROR1表达水平,统计分析ROR1表达与浸润性肺腺癌分级的关系。结果ROR1高表达于低分化的浸润性肺腺癌(P<0.001);低分化组的浸润性肺腺癌中Ki-67指数明显高于高、中分化组(P<0.001);Ki-67指数在ROR1高表达组高于低表达组(P<0.01)。结论ROR1在不同分级的肺腺癌中表达水平存在明显差异,其表达水平与浸润性肺腺癌的分化程度及恶性程度密切相关,这使得它有可能成为新的肺腺癌诊断生物标志物并辅助肺腺癌的临床特征和预后的评估,为患者制定个性化治疗策略提供科学依据。

基于CT影像组学特征预测低分化胆囊癌的价值

目的:探讨多相CT影像组学特征在预测低分化胆囊癌中的价值。方法:回顾性分析本院行根治性胆囊切除术后经病理证实的胆囊癌,根据病理结果分为低分化组(占比44.5%)和非低分化组(占比55.5%)。应用3D Slicer软件手动勾画感兴趣区(ROI),分别提取动脉期及静脉期影像组学特征。使用互信息法筛选影像组学特征,将训练集三步降维法筛选的双期影像组学特征拟合至K-邻近算法构建胆囊癌低分化预测模型,测试集用于模型预测效能评价。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,通过比较曲线下面积(AUC),确定影像组学特征对低分化胆囊癌的预测效能。结果:筛选出双期特征各1502个,应用三步降维法提取6个特征,即大面积强调、大区域高灰度强调、熵、均值、均方根、第10百分位。预测模型结果显示,训练集AUC为0.83(灵敏度0.76,特异度0.71),测试集AUC为0.68(灵敏度0.67,特异度0.60)。结论:双相CT影像组学特征对低分化胆囊癌的分级具有较好的预测价值,并具有可重复性。

三维能量多普勒定量技术对乳腺癌组织学分级的预测价值探讨

目的探讨三维能量多普勒超声(3D-PDUS)中血管定量参数对乳腺癌组织学分级的预测价值。方法回顾性选择2018年1月至2023年6月在杭州市中医院行手术治疗的乳腺癌患者77例(恶性肿块86个),所有肿块均经病理组织学检查证实,根据组织学分级分为Ⅰ级组、Ⅱ级组、Ⅲ级组。比较3组患者年龄、常规超声检查所见、3D-PDUS指标。常规超声检查所见包括淋巴结转移、肿块内部钙化、肿块Adler血流分级;3D-PDUS指标包括肿块体积、血管参数[血管形成指数(VI)、血流指数(FI)、血管形成-血流指数(VFI)]。应用logistic回归分析乳腺癌组织学分级的危险因素。采用ROC曲线分析VI、FI、VFI对乳腺癌组织学分级的预测准确度。结果Ⅲ级组VI、FI、VFI高于Ⅱ级组,Ⅱ级组高于Ⅰ级组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。其中FI为乳腺癌不同组织学分级的独立危险因素(P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示VI、FI、VFI对乳腺癌组织学分级的预测准确度均较高(AUC=0.888、0.891、0.894,均P<0.001)。结论3D-PDUS显示的VI、FI、VFI是瘤内血管化重要定量指标,可为乳腺癌患者组织学分级提供可靠的影像学预测信息。

胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的CT表现与病理对照研究

探讨胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤(PNETs)不同病理分级间CT定性、定量指标的差异。回顾性分析88例经手术病理证实的PNETs患者CT影像资料,包括肿瘤位置、成分、边缘、胰管扩张、血管侵犯、脂肪浸润、直径、动脉和静脉绝对增强、动脉和静脉相对增强比、动脉和静脉增强比。肿瘤分级参照WHO分类2010年版消化系统肿瘤分级系统标准。88例PNETs均为单发,G1级21例、G2级52例、G3级15例;三组之间的年龄、性别和肿瘤位置比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),肿瘤成分、边缘、胰管扩张、血管侵犯、直径、动脉和静脉绝对增强、动脉和静脉相对增强比、动脉和静脉增强比的比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),多重比较中G1、G2肿瘤边缘、直径比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PNETs病灶呈现囊实性、病灶边缘不规则、胰管扩张、血管侵犯,以及较低的肿瘤动脉和静脉绝对增强、动脉和静脉相对增强比、动脉和静脉增强比与较高的术前病理分级有关。