内蒙古阿拉善左旗亚干铜镍钴矿辉长岩LA–ICP–MS锆石U–Pb定年、Hf同位素特征及其地壳伸展作用

【研究目的】阿拉善左旗亚干铜镍钴矿床是内蒙古西部典型硫化物矿床,发育于超基性—中基性岩浆岩带,辉长岩为成矿母岩,正确认识该岩体的岩浆活动与成矿规律及构造背景成为亟待解决的地质问题。【研究方法】本文采集相关样品,对亚干地区出露的辉长岩开展了岩相学、岩石地球化学及锆石U–Pb年代学和Hf同位素分析研究。【研究结果】亚干辉长岩具有高Al_(2)O_(3)(15.99%~17.47%)、亚碱性(K_(2)O+Na_(2)O=4.94%~5.86%)、低TiO_(2)(0.81%~1.12%)、低P2O5(0.14%~0.21%)、富MgO(3.18%~5.64%)、低K_(2)O(1.14%~2.05%)特征,属钙碱性系列。稀土总量(ΣREE)为71.43×10^(-6)~94.22×10^(-6),呈轻稀土相对富集、重稀土亏损的右倾配分模式,明显亏损高场强元素Nb、P、Ta,富集不相容元素U、Sr,表明亚干辉长岩来源于岩石圈地幔,岩浆后期经历了结晶分异作用。亚干辉长岩锆石U–Pb加权平均年龄为(268.8±3.1)Ma,限定其成岩时代属中二叠世。锆石εHf(t)值介于–7.1~2.9,二阶段模式年龄介于1272~2177 Ma。【结论】区域地质资料及地球化学特征表明,亚干辉长岩原始岩浆在运移过程中可能受到部分地壳物质的交代混染作用,形成构造背景可能为晚古生代后碰撞伸展环境。亚干地区位于珠斯楞—杭乌拉构造带,自石炭纪开始向南俯冲,从被动大陆边缘转为主动大陆边缘。此外,亚干辉长岩的侵位时代限定了该区域碰撞闭合时间,为该区铜镍钴矿研究提供了新的制约。

Extensive Resetting of Feldspar Pb Isotopic Composition in Archean–Paleoproterozoic Granitic Rocks from the Kongling Terrane,South China:Implications for Tracing Thermal Evolutionary History

Feldspar Pb isotopes have been widely used to trace magmatic formation and evolution processes.However,it remains unclear whether post-magmatic thermal events can affect feldspar Pb isotopic ratios.Here,the in situ Pb isotopic composition of feldspar hosted in granitic rocks(thirteen Archean and one Paleoproterozoic)from the northern Kongling terrane,Yangtze Craton,South China,is analyzed.The samples reveal a substantial variation in their Pb isotopic composition,spanning the gap between the 1.9 Ga and present-day geochrons,which indicates extensive resetting by later tectonothermal events.This resetting was interpreted to have likely resulted from Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic tectonothermal events related to the assembly and breakup of the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents.These results suggest that Pb isotopes should be used cautiously when tracing magma sources and petrogenesis in magmatic rocks that have experienced post-magmatic reworking.However,the in situ Pb isotopic composition of feldspar in ancient granitoids may also potentially be used to reveal later tectonothermal events.The extensive resetting of the Pb isotopic composition in feldspar by regional thermal events may also provide new insights into our understanding of the Pb isotope paradox.

Efficient and selective removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from landfill leachate using L-serine-modified polyethylene/polypropylene nonwoven fabric synthesized via radiation grafting technique

In this study,to efficiently remove Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous environments,a novel L-serine-modified polyethylene/polypropylene nonwoven fabric sorbent(NWF-serine)was fabricated through the radiation grafting of glycidyl methacrylate and subsequent L-serine modification.The effect of the absorbed dose was investigated in the range of 5–50 kGy.NWF-serine was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,and scanning electron microscopy.Batch adsorption tests were conducted to investigate the influences of pH,adsorption time,temperature,initial concentration,and sorbent dosage on the Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption performance of NWF-serine.The results indicated that Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption onto NWF-serine was an endothermic process,following the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model.The saturated adsorption capacity was 198.1 mg/g.NWF-serine exhibited Pb(Ⅱ) removal rates of 99.8% for aqueous solutions with initial concentrations of 100 mg/L and 82.1% for landfill leachate containing competitive metal ions such as Cd,Cu,Ni,Mn,and Zn.Furthermore,NWF-serine maintained 86% of its Pb(Ⅱ) uptake after five use cycles.The coordination of the carboxyl and amino groups with Pb(Ⅱ) was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.

Fluid inclusion and H-O-S-Pb isotope systematics of the Chayong Cu-polymetallic deposit,Sanjiang Metallogenic Belt,Qinghai Province,China

The Chayong Cu-polymetallic deposit is a recently discovered Cu-polymetallic deposit hosted in the Sanjiang Metallogenic Belt within the Tibetan Plateau of China to the northeast of the North Qiangtang terrane.The ore body occurs in siltstone and is controlled by a northwest-trending fault structure.According to the associations,assemblages,and cutting relationships between ore veins,the hydrothermal mineralization period can be divided into three mineralization stages:(1)a molybdenite mineralization stage,(2)a Cu-polymetallic sulfide stage,and(3)a quartzcarbonate stage.Two types of fluid inclusions(FIs),namely,liquid and vapor-rich inclusions,are present in quartz as so ciated with sulfide minerals.Early-stage FIs are both iquid and vapor-rich,homogenized at temperatures ranging from 364.1 to 384.2℃,and have salinities ranging from0.70%to 9.60%NaCl equivalent(eqv).The middle-stage FIs are also both liquid-and vapor-rich,homogenized at temperatures ranging from 272.4 to 355.6℃,and have salinities ranging from 0.53%-17.10%NaCl eqv.The late-stage FIs are liquid,homogenized at temperatures ranging from 209.4to 255.3℃,and have salinities ranging from 0.35%-6.87%NaCl eqv.The samples from the deposit haveδ^(34)S values of-21.8‰to-19.2‰and-5.5‰to-6.0‰,suggesting that sulfur was derived from the host sediments and magmatic fluids,respectively.The metallic minerals within the deposit have^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb,^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb,and^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb values of 18.439-18.458,15.656-15.679,and 38.772-38.863,respectively,suggesting that the metals were derived from the upper crust and orogenic belts.The samples from the deposit haveδ^(18)O_(W)values of 2.99‰-7.99‰andδD_(W) values ranging from-84.4‰to-73.9‰,indicating that the pre-forming fluids were magmatic and mixed with minor amounts of meteoric water.The ore-forming fluid of the Chayong copper polymetallic deposit was a high-temperature,medium-to low-salinity H_(2)O-NaCl-CH_(4)-N_(2)±CO_(2)fluid system.The early high-temperature magmatic fluid,due to boiling,decreased in temperature,and via the mixing of meteoric water,gradually evolved towards the later-stage medium-to low-temperature and low-salinity fluid,causing nolybdenite mineralization and forming copper polymetallic sulfide veins and quartz carbonate veins.

东海近岸大气中的^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb及其沉降入海通量评估

大气^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb的沉降通量是海洋中核素示踪颗粒物动力学过程(颗粒有机碳输出、颗粒物输运)的基础参数,为揭示我国近海地区^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb活度浓度的时空变化规律并估算其沉降入海通量,本文于2016年9月至翌年2月和2021年9-11月分别对上海及厦门地区近地表大气气溶胶中^(210)Po、^(210)Pb和^(210)Bi的活度浓度进行了连续观测;基于^(210)Po-^(210)Pb活度比(^(210)Po/^(210)Pb)和^(210)Bi-^(210)Pb活度比(^(210)Bi/^(210)Pb)两种示踪法计算了气溶胶颗粒物的滞留时间,并利用一维简单气溶胶沉降速率模型估算了3种核素以大气沉降方式输入东海的通量。结果显示,2016年上海秋、冬两季^(210)Po、^(210)Bi、^(210)Pb 3种核素活度浓度的变化范围分别为0.11~1.27 m Bq/m^(3)、0.45~1.83 m Bq/m^(3)和1.12~6.10 m Bq/m^(3);2021年秋季厦门^(210)Po、^(210)Bi、^(210)Pb 3种核素活度浓度的变化范围分别为0.05~0.85 m Bq/m^(3)、0.83~2.52 m Bq/m^(3)和0.17~1.32 m Bq/m^(3),上海近地表气溶胶中3种核素的活度浓度秋季平均值比厦门地区高。利用^(210)Po/^(210)Pb和^(210)Bi/^(210)Pb计算得到上海和厦门近地面大气的气溶胶滞留时间存在显著差异,基于^(210)Po/^(210)Pb计算上海气溶胶滞留时间均值为(94±54)d,基于^(210)Bi/^(210)Pb计算上海气溶胶滞留时间均值为(6.4±4.8)d,造成这种差异的原因很可能是两种示踪法本身具有的系统性差异。本文基于一维简易气溶胶沉降速率模型估算了上海地区的^(210)Pb、^(210)Bi和^(210)Po的大气沉降入东海的通量,其在秋季期间的变化范围分别为0.1~26.35 Bq/(m^(2)·d)、0.04~7.91 Bq/(m^(2)·d)和0.01~5.49 Bq/(m^(2)·d)。基于模型估算的^(210)Po、^(210)Bi和^(210)Pb沉降通量与研究区域的实际观测值接近一致,表明利用一维简易气溶胶沉降速率模型间接估算法在替代观测站直测核素的沉降入海通量方面具有一定可行性。

ICP-MS法测定水中Pb含量的不确定度评估

目的对ICP-MS测定水中Pb含量的不确定度进行分析评估。方法按《食品安全国家标准食品中多元素的测定》(GB5009.268—2016)第一法ICP-MS法来测定水质控样中Pb的含量,以《化学分析中不确定度的评估指南》(CNAS-GL006—2019)和《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF 1059.1—2012)的要求和方法为参照,对实验过程中的不确定度因素进行系统分析,计算不确定度分量和扩展不确定度。结果水质控中Pb含量为0.247mg/L,置信概率为95%时,测定结果中合成不确定度为0.018mg/L,扩展不确定度为0.036mg/L(k=2)。结论ICP-MS的校准和标准工作溶液是水中Pb含量测量不确定度的主要来源。

基于ICP-MS研究转炉钢渣微粉吸附镍和铅的动力学机理

随着工业化的发展,水体和土壤中的重金属污染日益严重。其中,重金属镍是一种常见的致敏性金属,会引起人体过敏发炎,甚至会引发癌症;血液中铅浓度的超标会危害人的神经系统、心血管系统和生殖系统,造成终身性的危害。因此,治理镍和铅重金属污染具有十分重要的意义。钢渣是炼钢过程中产生的一种副产物,其存在难以利用与附加值低的问题。同时加之管理制度的不健全,导致大量钢渣露天堆放,对土地资源、地下水源,以及空气质量造成严重影响。钢渣微粉具有比表面积大、多孔、化学活性高等特性,被广泛利用,可以成为吸附材料。本文以转炉钢渣微粉为研究对象,利用激光粒度仪、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪、比表面积与孔隙度吸附仪、X射线荧光光谱仪等测试转炉钢渣微粉的基本性质,重点研究转炉钢渣微粉添加量、重金属初始浓度、溶液pH和吸附时间对转炉钢渣微粉吸附Ni^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的效果,结合吸附动力学与吸附等温线理论揭示转炉钢渣微粉对Ni^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的吸附作用机理,为处理镍、铅重金属污染和工业废水处理提供技术支持与理论依据。结果表明:当转炉钢渣微粉添加量大于12.5 g·L^(-1)、重金属初始浓度小于100 mg·L^(-1)、溶液pH大于3和吸附时间大于120 min时,转炉钢渣微粉对Ni^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的吸附效果良好,即基本达到90%。转炉钢渣微粉对Ni^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的吸附符合准二级动力学模型,吸附速率由边界扩散和颗粒内扩散共同控制,吸附过程以化学吸附为主。转炉钢渣微粉的结构具有多孔性为物理吸附Ni^(2+)、Pb^(2+)提供吸附空间,转炉钢渣微粉的化学成分不仅具有碱性与Ni^(2+)、Pb^(2+)形成络合产物,而且水化过程中CaO与SiO_(2)生成C—S—H凝胶,对Ni^(2+)、Pb^(2+)形成络合吸附与硅酸盐体系包裹。转炉钢渣微粉对Ni^(2+)、Pb^(2+)吸附可能存在多层吸附。吸附Ni^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的过程为优惠吸附,吸附容易进行,其理论最大吸附量分别为18.785和17.002 mg·g^(-1)。

甜玉米自交系重金属Pb、Cd积累差异及分子检测

【目的】筛选获得在重金属Pb、Cd单一污染及复合污染下Pb、Cd低积累的优良甜玉米自交系,以及可用于甜玉米重金属Pb、Cd积累早代鉴定的分子技术。【方法】以10个甜玉米自交系为供试材料,通过盆栽试验研究重金属Pb、Cd单一污染及Pb、Cd复合污染下,玉米根系、茎叶和籽粒中Pb、Cd含量的积累差异;同时对供试材料ZmHMA2 InDel位点进行Pb、Cd积累差异分子检测,综合分子标记检测与重金属Pb、Cd在不同材料间的积累结果,筛选甜玉米重金属低积累自交系。【结果】无论是单一污染还是复合污染,重金属Pb、Cd的积累规律均表现为根系>茎叶>籽粒;在复合污染下,玉米不同组织对重金属Pb、Cd的积累无明显竞争与协同效应,表明玉米Pb、Cd的积累机制存在一定差异。通过鉴定,获得籽粒Pb低积累玉米自交系2份,籽粒Cd低积累玉米自交系3份,仅有一份材料闽甜系X901表现出籽粒Pb、Cd均低积累。利用InDel位点(InDel2307)对供试材料进行分子检测,结果发现供试材料中有4份存在该位点,含有该位点的材料中根系、茎叶和籽粒Cd含量平均值较其他材料平均值分别低1.801、0.64、0.131 mg·kg^(-1)。【结论】InDel2307位点能将不同玉米自交系按Cd累积量进行区分,对甜玉米Cd含量的区分具有特异性标记。综合分子标记检测与Pb、Cd含量积累结果,筛选出自交系闽甜系X901为Pb、Cd低积累材料。

CA/COSBC复合凝胶微球的制备及其对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

首先,将以油茶果壳(COS)为原料制备的生物炭(COSBC)分散到海藻酸钠(SA)凝胶溶液中形成了混合液;然后,采用球滴法将其逐滴滴入到CaCl2溶液中,制备了海藻酸钙/生物炭(CA/COSBC)复合凝胶微球。采用SEM和FTIR对CA/COSBC复合凝胶微球进行了表征,考察了其对水体中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附效果,优化了其对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附条件,探究了其吸附去除Pb(Ⅱ)的动力学和热力学行为。结果表明,m(SA)∶m(COSBC)=4∶1制备的CA/COSBC复合凝胶微球具有最佳的吸附去除Pb(Ⅱ)的效果,室温下,在pH=5.0、Pb(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度为250 mg/L、投加量0.77 g/L、吸附时间4 h的条件下,Pb(Ⅱ)的平衡吸附量可达236.4 mg/g、去除率高达72.81%。CA/COSBC复合凝胶微球吸附去除Pb(Ⅱ)能够自发进行,且符合Freundlich热力学模型和Largergren准二级动力学模型,以多分子层的化学吸附占主导作用。颗粒内扩散是控制吸附过程的主要因素,表面吸附和边界层扩散也会影响吸附去除过程。

掺杂CoFe_(2)O_(4)膨胀石墨对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

为解决膨胀石墨吸附后回收难的问题,采用柠檬酸基的溶胶-凝胶法将CoFe_(2)O_(4)粒子负载到膨胀石墨中,制备磁性膨胀石墨。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和磁滞回线对样品的微观形貌和磁性能进行表征,研究了膨胀石墨和磁性膨胀石墨对Pb(Ⅱ)吸附性能的影响因素,包括吸附时间、Pb(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度、吸附剂用量和pH值等,并采用吸附动力学和吸附等温线模型对吸附行为及机理进行了分析。结果表明,膨胀石墨和磁性膨胀石墨对Pb(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量分别为95.6、69.8 mg/g,吸附动力学符合二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型。掺杂CoFe_(2)O_(4)粒子缩短了膨胀石墨对Pb(Ⅱ)吸附平衡所需的时间,并使最佳吸附pH值向更加中性条件迁移。

土壤Cd、Pb污染对苣苋草生物量、生理生化特征和Cd、Pb积累特性的影响

【目的】比较两品种苣苋草对Cd、Pb胁迫的生理生化响应的差异性,寻找对Cd、Pb胁迫抗性较强的品种。【方法】采用盆栽试验,研究不同浓度Cd、Pb单一及复合胁迫下‘R104’和‘K472’两品种苣苋草的生物量,Cd、Pb积累特性,渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性的变化。【结果】两品种苣苋草的生物量在单一Cd胁迫时下降,在低浓度Pb(2.5 g·kg^(-1))胁迫时上升,在高浓度Pb(10.0 g·kg^(-1))胁迫时下降,在Cd、Pb复合胁迫时表现为先上升后下降的趋势。Cd、Pb单一胁迫下,苣苋草的Cd、Pb含量随着相应元素胁迫浓度的增大而上升;Cd、Pb复合胁迫下,苣苋草的Cd、Pb含量随着另一元素胁迫浓度的增大呈先上升后下降的趋势。随着Cd、Pb单一及复合胁迫浓度的增大,苣苋草超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先上升后下降的趋势,过氧化物酶(POD)活性逐渐上升,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈抑制效应。Cd、Pb交互作用在苣苋草生物量和SOD活性上总体表现为复合胁迫>单一胁迫;在植物重金属含量上表现为:低浓度Cd与Pb互为促进作用,高浓度Cd与Pb互为拮抗作用。【结论】苣苋草主要通过提高POD活性和维持CAT活性来抵抗Cd、Pb胁迫;‘R104’的抗性大于‘K472’,表明‘R104’更适合在重金属Pb污染的土壤区域推广种植。

PB840呼吸机气路分析及故障维修

呼吸机是一种能替代患者自主通气的医疗仪器,广泛应用于呼吸衰竭患者、呼吸支持治疗以及急救复苏过程,是医院急诊、重症加强护理病房最重要的抢救仪器。本文介绍了2例PB840呼吸机故障,故障现象均为呼吸机报警、停止送气,报警代码相似。第1例故障经过呼吸机扩展自检(Extenden Self Test,EST)后分析自检数据,发现为呼出端流量传感器Q3故障,经过柠檬酸浸泡处理Q3后故障解除;第2例故障为氧气调零流量检测失败,具体原因为氧比例电磁阀故障,更换配件后故障解除。通过两例故障提示维修人员需熟悉仪器的气路图,熟练掌握呼吸机EST方法,提高维修准确度。

生活垃圾焚烧系统中Pb和Cd的迁移转化特性

为明晰垃圾焚烧系统中Pb和Cd的迁移转化特性,以处理规模500 t/d的城市生活垃圾焚烧系统为研究对象,对系统中不同位置产生的灰渣中Pb和Cd富集特性、浸出毒性和赋存形态进行分析。结果表明:底渣和二三烟道中主要晶相矿物为SiO_(2)和CaCO_(3),水平烟道灰、尾部烟道灰中主要晶相矿物为SiO_(2)、KCl、NaCl、CaCO_(3)和CaSO_(4),布袋除尘器灰中CaOHCl为Ca(OH)_(2)吸收HCl形成的产物;Cd和Pb分别在尾部烟道灰和布袋除尘器灰中富集程度最高,水平烟道灰中Cd、尾部烟道灰和布袋除尘器灰中Pb和Cd的浸出浓度高于《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》(GB 5085.3—2007)限值;底渣和二三烟道灰中Pb以多种赋存形态存在,水平烟道灰和尾部烟道灰中Pb主要以残渣态形态存在,随着烟气温度的降低,尾部烟道灰和布袋除尘器灰中的酸可溶态Pb含量有所上升;底渣和二三烟道灰中Cd主要以可还原态和残渣态形态存在,水平烟道灰和尾部烟道灰中Cd主要以酸可溶态形态存在,布袋除尘器灰中酸可溶态Cd明显减少,主要为可还原态。

青海大柴旦塔温查干哈达顶志留世花岗岩岩石地球化学和U⁃Pb同位素约束

青海大柴旦塔温查干哈达顶志留世花岗岩位于宗务隆山断裂以南,主体为花岗斑岩、粗粒似斑状二长花岗岩。岩石SiO_(2)质量分数为67.11%~73.73%,Al_(2)O_(3)质量分数为13.62%~14.57%,K_(2)O和Na_(2)O质量分数比为1.11~1.96,具有偏铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石的特征。U⁃Pb年龄测试花岗斑岩的结晶年龄为(417.9±3.9)Ma,表明形成地质时期为顶志留世,属加里东期构造岩浆岩带。岩石地球化学分析认为,塔温查干哈达侵入岩属板内花岗岩类,可能为I⁃S型花岗岩,该期侵入岩属同碰撞构造前环境。岩浆活动总趋势由深到浅发展,随时间推移岩浆房逐渐趋近于地表。

不同钝化材料对玉米Cd、Pb积累与转运的影响

为探究不同钝化材料组合及用量对玉米吸收Cd、Pb的阻控效果,实现重金属污染耕地的安全利用,以“华兴单88”为供试玉米,采用田间试验方法,研究喷施叶面阻控剂(JGL)、不同用量有机肥(YJF1和YJF2)、腐植酸(FZS)和土壤重金属钝化剂(DHJ)以及YJF、FZS和DHJ与JGL的组合(YJF1^(+)/YJF2^(+)、FZS^(+)和DHJ^(+))对玉米生物性状和各部位Cd、Pb含量以及富集系数(BCF)、转运系数(TF)的影响,并根据玉米籽粒Cd、Pb的BCF推算土壤Cd、Pb风险阈值(T)作为阻控效果的评价指标。结果表明,9种阻控措施处理玉米产量较CK提高14.4%~32.3%,增产能力表现为JGLDHJ>YJF1>DHJ^(+)>YJF1^(+)>YJF2>FZS>YJF2^(+)>FZS^(+);供试玉米各部位Cd、Pb含量及富集能力均表现为根部最强,籽粒最弱,Cd、Pb转运能力均表现为茎部-叶部最强,根部-茎部最弱。通过田间试验证明,10种处理供试玉米产量和Cd、Pb阻控效果均表现为FZS+>YJF2^(+)>FZS>YJF2>YJF1^(+)>DHJ^(+)>YJF1>DHJ>JGL>CK;9种阻控措施处理供试玉米土壤TCd和TPb分别介于11.0~23.1 mg·kg^(-1)和109.9~218.0 mg·kg^(-1)之间。在该试验条件下,FZS作为增产以及Cd、Pb阻控效果最好的钝化材料,建议在Cd轻中度污染土壤的玉米产区推广使用,FZS^(+)作为增产以及Cd、Pb阻控效果最好的组合措施建议在Cd重度污染土壤的玉米产区推广使用。

微塑料对重金属Cr(Ⅵ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特征研究

通过氧化-紫外老化的实验室模拟老化法对原始微塑料进行老化,研究原始和老化聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚乳酸(PLA)微塑料在水溶液中对Cr(Ⅵ)、Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特征。SEM、BET、XRD、XPS和FTIR结果表明,氧化-紫外老化法增加微塑料表面粗糙度、孔隙体积和含氧官能团。动力学和等温线吸附实验结果表明,原始微塑料和老化微塑料对Cr(Ⅵ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附分别以单层的物理吸附和多层的化学吸附为主。微塑料对重金属Cr(Ⅵ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附能力和吸附特点与微塑料种类有关。可生物降解微塑料PLA对Cr(Ⅵ)和Pb(Ⅱ)均表现出较强的吸附能力。

Adsorption characteristics of Pb(Ⅱ)ions on sulfidized hemimorphite surface under ammonium sulfate system

In this work,the effect of ammonium sulfate on the adsorption characteristics of low-concentration Pb(Ⅱ)ions on the sulfidized hemimorphite surface was comprehensively investigated.The results showed that ammonium sulfate could increase the maximum recovery of hemimorphite from 69.42%to 88.24%under a low concentration of Pb(Ⅱ)ions.On the hemimorphite surface pretreated with ammonium sulfate,the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ)ions was enhanced and the main species of Pb adsorbed was changed from Pb―O/OH to PbS.This was due to the larger amount of ZnS providing more effective adsorption sites for Pb components to generate Pb S.Meanwhile,the intensity of ZnS decreased with the formation of PbS,demonstrating that ZnS was covered by PbS which formed later on the mineral surface.It was beneficial for the adsorption of butyl xanthate on the hemimorphite surface to form more hydrophobic substances.As a result,ammonium sulfate played a crucial role in realizing the efficient recovery of hemimorphite.

High-Throughput Pb Recycling for Perovskite Solar Cells Using Biomimetic Whitlockite

Pb contamination in aquatic environments causes severe pollution;therefore,harmless absorbents are required.In this study,we report a novel synthesis of whitlockite(WH,Ca_(18)Mg_(2)(HPO_(4))_(2)(PO_(4))_(12)),which is the second most abundant biomineral in human bone,and its application as a high-performing Pb^(2+)absorbent.Hydroxyapatite(HAP)and WH are prepared via a simple precipitation method.The Pb2+absorption performance and mechanism of the synthesized biominerals are investigated in aqueous solutions at neutral pH.The results demonstrate that WH exhibits an excellent Pb2+absorption capacity of 2339 mg g^(−1),which is 1.68 times higher than the recorded value for HAP.Furthermore,the absorbed Pb^(2+) ions are recycled into high-purity PbI_(2).This is employed as a precursor for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),resulting in a conversion efficiency of 19.00%comparable to that of commercial PbI2 powder(99.99%purity).Our approach provides an efficient way to remove Pb^(2+)ions from water and reuse them in the recycling of PSCs.

Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb geochronology,geochemistry,and geological significance of dacite in the Zhesang gold district,southeast Yunnan Province,China

The Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic tectonic framework of the Nanpanjiang Basin has much been disputed.Herein,the middle-acid volcanic rock,dacite,exposed to the Zhesang gold district,southeast Yunnan Province,has been analyzed.The results show that the dacite belongs to a calc-alkaline series,SiO_(2)contents range from 62.79 to 76.66 wt%.Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb dating of dacite demonstrates that they were formed in the Early Triassic(247.8±1.7 Ma,MSWD=1.2).All samples exhibit enrichment in LILE(e.g.Rb,K,Th,and U),and depletion in HFSE(e.g.Nb,Ta,and Ti),which has the geochemical affinity of I-type granite.La–La/Sm and La–La/Yb discrimination diagrams show that the partial melting,mainly of the mafic lower crust,of rocks,plays a major role in the formation process.The dacite has low initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios(0.706954 to 0.708589)and negative ε_(Nd)(t)values(-11.77 to-10.88).Zircons in dacite have ε_(Hf)(t)values of-16.2 to-8.3,and the two-stage Hf model ages are 1799–2301 Ma,mostly concentrated between 1800 and 1900 Ma,indicating that the magma source area is the reconstructed ancient lower crust mixed with some mantle materials,and crystal fractionation process underwent in the late stage of magma migration.This study reveals that the arc-volcanic rocks of the Early Triassic in the southern margin of the Nanpanjiang Basin were formed by the subduction of the Late Paleozoic ocean basin within the border region between China and Vietnam.

Melt extraction and mineralization: A case study from the Shuangjianzishan supergiant Ag-Pb-Zn deposit(208 Mt), Inner Mongolia, NE China

The supergiant Shuangjianzishan(SJZ) Ag-Pb-Zn deposit is in the southern segment of the Great Hinggan Range(SGHR), northeast China. Previous studies suggest the ore-forming material and fluid originated from the magmatic system, and the mineralization age was consistent with the diagenetic age. However,the relationship between granitic magmatism and mineralization is still unclear in the SJZ. In this study, CH-O-He-Ar and in-situ S-Pb isotope analyses were conducted to determine the sources of ore-forming fluids and metals, which were combined with geochemistry data of SJZ granitoids from previous studies to constrain the relationship between the magmatism and the mineralization. The C-H-O-He-Ar-S-Pb isotopic compositions suggested the SJZ ore-forming material and fluids were derived from a magmatic source, which has mixed a small amount of mantle-derived materials. In addition, the disseminated sulfide from the syenogranite has comparable S-Pb isotopic composition with the sulfide minerals from ore veins,suggesting that the generation of the SJZ ore-forming fluids has a close relationship with the syenogranite magmatism. Combining with the geochemical characters of the syenogranite, the authors proposed that the mantle-derived fingerprint of the SJZ ore-forming fluid might be caused by the parent magma of the syenogranite, which was derived from partial melting of the juvenile lower crust, and underwent the residual melts segregated from a crystal mush in the shallow magma reservoir. The extraction of the syenogranite parent magma further concentrated the fertilized fluids, which was crucial to mineralization of the SJZ Ag-Pb-Zn deposit.