Global CO_(2) concentration change induced by“trigger-connectors”model,especially since about 24 Ma?A preliminary hypothesis

Background,aim,and scope The tectonic uplift of the Cenozoic Tibetan Plateau has produced a chain effect,which is an excellent location for Earth system science research,and its uplift process,mechanism and environmental effects are the hot spot and frontier of the current research.The“Tibetan Plateau uplift-weathering-CO_(2) concentration-global climate change”model was put forward by Raymo and Ruddiman to interpret the Late Cenozoic climate change.However,there are still some questions suspended,such as does the weathering of the Tibetan Plateau have the ability to control the global climate?How to explain the modern-like global CO_(2) concentration starting at about 24 Ma?Here,a short space was taken to present a brainstorm about the above questions on account of existing geological pieces of evidence.Materials and methods In this paper,we integrate the formation and evolution of the Yangtze River and Pearl River,the origin and development of the Asian inland aridification-monsoon system,the Cenozoic tectonic uplift process of the Tibetan Plateau,and the westerly winds to discuss and analyze the relationship between the Cenozoic CO_(2) concentration changes and the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and why the CO_(2) concentration similar to the present was formed at about 24 Ma.Results Similar correspondence of the surface uplift history of Xizang,other global mountains,and the declining CO_(2) concentration could support the theory Tibetan Plateau weathering inf luences CO_(2) concentration.Starting from 24 Ma,the most important character was the uplift and erosion of Xizang and Himalaya,collaborating with Ocean Iron Fertilization(OIF)together as an entity to control the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration because the great Asian rivers,Asian monsoons,and westerlies connected Xizang and surrounded seas together through materials transportation.Discussion Paleogeographic reconstructions from 40 Ma to 20 Ma illustrate that the main topographic change occurred in the Andes,Cordillera orogenic belt,and Xizang.We comprise a comprehensive set of evidence from independent data,which correspond temporally with the tipping point(about 24 Ma)of the atmospheric CO_(2) and we noticed that modern-like Asia monsoon,inland aridity,Asian great rivers,and climate zone formed at about 24 Ma and also there are tectonic activities for the Andes and Rockies.We raised the possibility that the modern-like atmospheric CO_(2) concentration at about 24 Ma was caused by the above geological factors.Here the rivers,monsoon,and westerlies are termed as“connectors”.In addition,these Asian rivers originated from Xizang,the monsoon,and inner Asian aridification are strongly a function of the uplift and growth of Xizang,thus,Xizang here is named as“trigger”.The distinct character of“trigger-connectors”model is that this not only takes the monsoon,westerlies,and the global great rivers into consideration but also expands the range which inf luences atmospheric CO_(2) concentration,from local points to a vast area since about 24 Ma,such as from Tibetan Plateau to Asia,including surrounded seas,after about 24 Ma.However,because the opening of the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene Antarctic periphery straits is highly coincident with the onset of modern-like global atmospheric CO_(2) concentration,we are forced to consider that they also had a significant impact on the reduction of atmospheric CO_(2) concentrations at this time.Conclusions“Trigger-connectors”was put forward to explain the Cenozoic CO_(2) variation,especially modern-like global CO_(2) concentration since about 24 Ma.Recommendations and perspectives Here we use the“trigger-connectors”model to explain the formation of modern-like CO_(2) concentrations starting at about 24 Ma,but there are still some problems.The most important premise for the“trigger-connectors”model is the constructed Cenozoic CO_(2) concentration record is reliable,which is the foundation of our hypothesis.In the future,potential improvements should focus on topographic reconstructions of Xizang and the global mountains.Here we have concentrated on Xizang in the considered timeslices but still,pay less attention to other global orogenic belts.Collaborations with geologist experts in those regions could provide valuable feedback to evaluate their potential role of them in CO_(2) evolution.What is more,considerable progress may be achieved with the addition and consideration of more and new geological data.

电厂粉煤灰、炉渣和污泥复合陶粒对低浓度Pb^(2+)的吸附特性

针对重金属污染具有来源广、危害大等特点,通过以电厂废物(粉煤灰、炉渣)和脱水污泥为原料制备一种高效且价廉的陶粒吸附剂,采用吸附影响因素实验、解吸再生实验、吸附动力学模型和等温吸附模型的拟合以及陶粒表征分析,探究陶粒对Pb^(2+)的吸附特性,同时为实现废物资源化利用提供新思路.结果表明:陶粒去除Pb^(2+)的较佳吸附条件为粒径4 mm、pH 4.5~5.0、吸附时间360 min、吸附温度25℃.陶粒再生所用较佳解吸剂为0.5 mol/L的HCl溶液,较佳解吸时间和次数分别为120 min和5次,解吸5次后陶粒对Pb^(2+)的去除率为92.67%.此吸附过程更好地遵循了准二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温吸附模型.陶粒上的O-H、Si-O和金属氧化键在吸附Pb^(2+)的过程中起主要作用.陶粒吸附Pb^(2+)后,出现了新的物相Pb_(2)Cl_(3)OH和PbO,陶粒与Pb^(2+)之间发生化学吸附,为自发进行的放热反应.陶粒处理实际废水中Pb^(2+)的去除率可达93.70%,Pb^(2+)浓度由3.74 mg/L降至0.24 mg/L.研究显示,电厂粉煤灰、炉渣和污泥复合陶粒对Pb^(2+)具有一定的去除效果,可为以固体废物为原料制备的吸附剂在重金属废水处理应用中提供数据支撑.

Effects of Controlled Atmospheres with High_O_2 or High_CO_2 Concentrations on Postharvest Physiology and Storability of "Napoleon" Sweet Cherry

Sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L. cv. Napoleon) were stored in controlled atmospheres (CA) of high O(2) (70% O(2) + 0% CO(2)) or high CO(2) (5% O(2) + 10% CO(2)), in modified atmosphere package (MAP, (13% - 18%) O(2) + (2% -4%) CO(2)) and in air (control) at 1 degreesC to investigate the effects of different O(2) and CO(2) concentrations on physiological properties, quality and storability of the fruits during storage. The results indicated that compared with other treatments, CA with high O(2) concentration decreased fruit decay and ethanol content, but increased the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and stimulated browning. CA with high CO(2) concentration inhibited polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, reduced MDA content, maintained vitamin C content and firmness, decreased fruit decay and browning. Soluble solids contents (SSC) were not significantly affected by different atmosphere treatments. 'Napoleon' fruits stored in 5% O(2) + 10% CO(2) for as long as 80 d were of good quality, but only 40, 20 and 30 d stored in MAP, 70% O(2) + 0% CO(2) and air, re-spectively.

掺杂CoFe_(2)O_(4)膨胀石墨对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

为解决膨胀石墨吸附后回收难的问题,采用柠檬酸基的溶胶-凝胶法将CoFe_(2)O_(4)粒子负载到膨胀石墨中,制备磁性膨胀石墨。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和磁滞回线对样品的微观形貌和磁性能进行表征,研究了膨胀石墨和磁性膨胀石墨对Pb(Ⅱ)吸附性能的影响因素,包括吸附时间、Pb(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度、吸附剂用量和pH值等,并采用吸附动力学和吸附等温线模型对吸附行为及机理进行了分析。结果表明,膨胀石墨和磁性膨胀石墨对Pb(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量分别为95.6、69.8 mg/g,吸附动力学符合二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型。掺杂CoFe_(2)O_(4)粒子缩短了膨胀石墨对Pb(Ⅱ)吸附平衡所需的时间,并使最佳吸附pH值向更加中性条件迁移。

STRUCTURAL RESPONSE OF SOYBEAN LEAF TO ELEVATED CO_2 CONCENTRATION

The effects of CO 2 concentration on the morphological and anatomical characters of soybean (Glycine max) leaf were investigated by means of light microscopy and SEM.It was noticed that exomorphology did not show dramatic change,while stomatal density decreased with increasing CO 2 concentration.Under SEM,no epicuticular wax was observed on both abaxial and adaxial sides of the control group as well as on adaxial side of the treatment group.However,leaf surface of abaxial side was noticed to be densely covered with microasterisk epicuticular wax when they were exposed to CO 2 enriched environment.The epicuticular wax deposition was present in equal abundance on both stomatal and nonstomatal areas.Furthermore,leaf thickness increased significantly due largely to the origin of an extra layer of palisade in the treatment group.The results confirmed that CO 2 enrichment might enhance cell division and induce greater quantity of epicuticular wax.

Effects of Ca^(2+)concentrations on accumulations of mineral elements in the components of Pteroceltis tatarinowii

The bark of Pteroce/tis tatarinowii is a raw material for manufacturing XuanPaper. The effects of Ca^(2+) concentrations on the accumulation of mineral elements in the bark,leaf and root of Pteroceltis tatarinowii were studied under controlled conditions. The types ofHoagland nutrient solution with three Ca^(2+) concentrations levels (200, 400 and 600 μg·g^(-1))and a control (without Ca^(2+)) were designed to culture Pteroceltis tatarinowii. After 6 months,contents of seven mineral elements including Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu and Na in the root, leaf and barkwere analyzed. The results indicated that Ca accumulations content in the root, leaf and bark hadpositively relation with Ca^(2+) concentrations (200, 400, 600 μg · g^(-1)), and the order of theCa content in the three components was root>leaf>bark. Ca content in the root treated with 600 μg·g^(-1) Ca^(2+) concentrations was 5.5 times as high as that of the control, and about 1.4 times ashigh as that of the root treated in 200 and 400 μg/g Ca^(2+) concentrations respectively. On thecontrary, K and Mg contents in the root, leaf and bark were negatively related to Ca^(2+)concentrations, especially in the bark, and their accumulation trend followed the order ofleaf>root>bark. K content in the bark treated with 600 μg ·g^(-1) Ca^(2+) concentrations was 39.3%of that of the control, and was 79.0% and 91.8% of that of the bark treated with 200 μg ·g^(-1)and 400 μg ·g^(-1) Ca^(2+) concentrations respectively; Mg content in the bark treated with 600μg ·g^(-1) Ca^(2+) concentrations was 23.4% of that of the control, and was 27.1% and 35.4% ofthat of the bark treated with 200 and 400 μg·g^(-1) Ca^(2+) concentrations respectively. Comparedwith the control, the general tendency of Mn, Zn and Cu content decreased with increasing of Ca^(2+)concentrations and their contents were in the order: root>leaf>bark. Based on the results of thisstudy, the experiment has been useful for providing academic bases in improving the bark quality ofPteroceltis tatarinowii on non-limestone soil.

磁性三乙烯四胺/单宁树脂对Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的吸附性能研究

利用曼尼希反应将三乙烯四胺(TETA)固化到单宁(TA)基体表面,热溶剂法制得磁性单宁基树脂(MTETA-TA)。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、比表面积及孔隙度分析仪、振动样品磁强计对M-TETA-TA进行表征,表明M-TETA-TA具有疏水性强、比表面积大的优势,Fe_(3)O_(4)的成功引入有效解决吸附剂回收难的问题。对含Cu^(^(2+))、Pb^(2+)废水溶液进行了静态吸附实验,探讨了其对金属的吸附性能。在pH为5的酸性条件下,吸附效果较好;Cu^(^(2+))和Pb^(2+)吸附动力学均符合准二级反应动力学模型,主要为化学吸附;Cu^(^(2+))的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,属单层吸附,理论吸附最大值为173.33 mg·g^(-1);Pb^(2+)的吸附等温线符合Sips模型,属多层吸附,理论吸附最大值为217.14 mg·g^(-1)。推测M-TETA-TA对Pb^(2+)的吸附除了螯合、氧化还原等化学反应,还存在静电和离子交换作用,氨基和酚羟基为主要参与官能团。循环再生5次后,仍有较高的吸附性能和磁性强度。

玉米秸秆复合高吸水树脂的制备及对Pb^(2+)的吸附研究

以来源丰富的玉米秸秆、高岭土为原料,以丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺为聚合单体,通过水溶液聚合法制备了复合高吸水树脂,并用红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其结构进行了表征分析。利用合成的复合高吸水树脂对含Pb^(2+)模拟废水进行了吸附研究,考察了复合高吸水树脂用量、Pb^(2+)初始浓度、吸附时间和溶液pH及对Pb^(2+)去除率的影响,最优条件下复合高吸水树脂对Pb^(2+)的去除率达88.57%,吸附Pb^(2+)后的复合高吸水树脂经处理后可循环使用。

一种苝酰亚胺Pb^(2+)荧光探针的合成及其选择性识别

以四氯苝酐、3-氨甲基吡啶为原料,设计并合成了一种可选择性识别Pb^(2+)的新型苝酰亚胺类荧光探针N,N-(吡啶-3-甲基)-1,6,7,12-四氯-3,4:9,10-苝二酰亚胺(PDI-MBD)。采用质谱、核磁等检测手段对其分子结构进行了表征,通过紫外和荧光光谱法对目标化合物PDI-MBD在N-甲基-2-吡啶烷酮(NMP)/H2O溶液中,对Pb^(2+)的识别性能进行了研究,其光谱性能和对Pb^(2+)识别研究显示,探针PDI-MBD自身的荧光较弱,但与金属离子Pb^(2+)配位反应后荧光显著增强,为配位反应前的10倍,但随着时间的延长,之后又出现荧光猝灭的现象。探针PDI-MBD表现出对溶液中的Pb^(2+)具有良好的选择性识别,且灵敏度高。研究发现,Pb^(2+)在0.1×10^(-5)~5×10^(-5)mol/L的浓度范围内与探针的荧光强度存在良好的线性关系;Pb^(2+)的最低检测限为0.5×10^(-6)mol/L。抗干扰试验证明加入其他常见金属离子后,探针PDI-MBD对Pb^(2+)的荧光信号无显著变化,不易受其他金属离子的影响。说明PDI-MBD可作为Pb^(2+)荧光探针,具有较优的选择性和较强的灵敏度,建立了一种检测Pb^(2+)的分析方法。

Effects of Doubled_CO_2 Concentration on Ultrastructure, Supramolecular Architecture and Spectral Characteristics of Chloroplasts from Wheat

Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) plants were grown under ambient and doubled_CO 2(plus 350 μL/L) concentration in cylindrical open_top chamber to examine their effects on the ultrastructure, supramolecular architecture, absorption spectrum and low temperature (77 K) fluorescence emission spectrum of the chloroplasts from wheat leaves. The results were briefly summarized as follows: (1) The wheat leaves possessed normally developed chloroplasts with intact grana and stroma thylakoid membranes; The grana intertwined with stroma thylakoid membranes and increased slightly in stacking degree and the width of granum, in spite of more accumulated starch grains within the chloroplasts than those in control; (2) The particle density in the stacked region of the endoplasmic fracture face (EFs) and protoplasmic fracture face (PFs) and in the unstacked region the endoplasmic fracture face (EFu) and the protoplasmic fracture face (PFu) was significantly higher than that of control. Furthermore, in some cases many more particles on EFs faces of thylakoid membranes appeared as a paracrystalline particle array; (3) The variations in the structure of chloroplasts were consistent with the absorption spectra and the low temperature (77 K) fluorescence emission spectra of the chloroplasts developed under the doubled_CO 2 concentration. Results indicate that the capability of light energy absorption of chloroplasts and regulative capability of excitation energy distribution between PSⅡ and PSⅠ were raised by doubled_CO 2 concentration. This is very favorable for final productivity of wheat.

RELATIONSHIPS OF STARCH CONCENTRATION WITH SPECIFIC LEAF WEIGHT AND MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS IN POTATO LEAVES UNDER VARIED CO_2 AND TEMPERATURE

Foliar concentrations of starch and major nutrients N, P, K, Ca, and Mg along with specific leaf weight (SLW) were determined in the potato (Solanun tuberosum L.) cvs "Denali", "Norland "'and "Russet Burbank" grown for 35 days under the CO2 concentrations of 500, 1 000, 1 500 and 2 000 mol mol-1 at both 16 and 20℃ air temperature. The starch concentration, pooled from the three cultivars, increased with increasing CO2 concentration at both 16 and 20℃,, and was consistently higher at 16℃ than at 20℃. The SLW (g m-2) was positively related to the foliar starch concentration on the basis of leaf area or dry weight. The concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg in leaves were negatively related to starch concentration under 14% starch on a dry weight basis. Above 14%, there was no significant relationship between nutrient and starch concentrations . The similar patterns were seen when the SLW and nutrient concentrations were expressed on a starch-free basis. In contrast, the leaf concentration of K was not closely related to the starch concentration. The results indicated that the changes in SLW and concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg in potato leaves only partially resulted from the changed starch concentration.

Prediction of SO_2 Concentration in Urban Atmosphere Based on B-P Neural Network

Base on the principle and method of B-P neural network,the prediction model of SO2 concentration in urban atmosphere was established by using the statistical data of a city in southwest China from 1991 to 2009,so as to forecast atmospheric SO2 concentration in a city of southwest China.The results showed that B-P neural network applied in the prediction of SO2 concentration in urban atmosphere was reasonable and efficient with high accuracy and wide adaptability,so it was worthy to be popularized.

锌电积用Pb-Ag阳极MnO_(2)镀膜的电化学性能

锌电积用Pb-Ag阳极存在析氧过电位高、表面铅易电化学氧化溶解,造成阴极电锌品质低等突出问题,如何减少阳极的溶铅污染并提升其催化析氧活性、降低反应能耗,成为亟待解决的难题。本文在Pb-Ag阳极表面电沉积一层均匀、致密的MnO_(2)薄膜,采用SEM、XRD和ICP等对MnO_(2)催化层的表面微观形貌、晶体结构和溶液含铅量进行分析;采用CV、LSV、EIS和Tafel等对Pb-Ag/MnO_(2)阳极的析氧催化活性和耐腐蚀性能进行分析。结果表明:在MnSO_(4)-H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中,当循环速率为200 mL/min、温度为80℃时,以4 mA/cm^(2)电沉积120 min制备的Pb-Ag/MnO_(2)镀膜电极具有最佳的催化析氧和耐蚀性能;PbAg阳极经优化镀膜后,50 mA/cm^(2)时其析氧过电位由936 mV降低为648 mV,腐蚀电流密度由7.03μA/cm^(2)降低至0.66μA/cm^(2);相较于Pb-Ag阳极,基于Pb-Ag/MnO_(2)阳极的15 d长周期电锌体系中溶铅量由0.61 mg/L降至0.29 mg/L。

固定化耐酸曲霉对Pb2+的去除及机理研究

固定化微生物技术凭借处理效率高、投入成本低的优势在重金属废水处理领域应用颇为广泛,然而相关的重金属去除机理尚不明确。以从酸性矿山废水中筛出的耐酸曲霉Aspergillus sp.MF1作为研究对象,对其进行固定化处理,运用亚细胞分离技术以及五步提取法并通过SEM、FTIR表征初步揭示固定化Aspergillus sp.MF1去除Pb^(2+)的机理。研究结果表明,在pH为3.5,初始Pb^(2+)质量浓度为10 mg/L时,固定化Aspergillus sp.MF1对于Pb^(2+)的去除率最高可达78.26%。固定化Aspergillus sp.MF1去除Pb^(2+)的机理可归纳为两点,一是源于固定化Aspergillus sp.MF1载体的高比表面积、聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠等材料表面活性基团对Pb^(2+)的吸附,二是归于Aspergillus sp.MF1细胞壁对于Pb^(2+)的螯合、吸附和离子交换作用,以及液泡和其他细胞器的隔室化作用。此外,固定化Aspergillus sp.MF1连续循环使用5次对Pb^(2+)的去除率均能达到30%以上,且在去除过程中未发生破裂、细胞泄露等情况。

Effects of Ca2+concentrations on accumulations of mineral elements in the components of Pteroceltis tatarinowii

The bark of Pteroceltis tatarinowii is a raw material for manufacturing Xuan Paper. The effects of Ca2+ concentrations on the accumulation of mineral elements in the bark, leaf and root of Pteroceltis tatarinowii were studied under controlled condi-tions. The types of Hoagland nutrient solution with three Ca2+ concentrations levels (200, 400 and 600 靏g-1) and a control (without Ca2+) were designed to culture Pteroceltis tatarinowii. After 6 months, contents of seven mineral elements including Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu and Na in the root, leaf and bark were analyzed. The results indicated that Ca accumulations content in the root, leaf and bark had positively relation with Ca2+ concentrations (200, 400, 600 靏g-1), and the order of the Ca content in the three components was root】leaf】bark. Ca content in the root treated with 600 靏g-1 Ca2+ concentrations was 5.5 times as high as that of the control, and about 1.4 times as high as that of the root treated in 200 and 400 靏/g Ca2+ concentrations respectively. On the contrary, K and Mg contents in the root, leaf and bark were negatively related to Ca2+ concentrations, especially in the bark, and their accumulation trend followed the order of leaf】root】bark. K content in the bark treated with 600 靏g-1 Ca2+ con-centrations was 39.3% of that of the control, and was 79.0% and 91.8% of that of the bark treated with 200 靏g-1 and 400靏g-1 Ca2+ concentrations respectively; Mg content in the bark treated with 600 靏g-1 Ca2+ concentrations was 23.4% of that of the control, and was 27.1% and 35.4% of that of the bark treated with 200 and 400 靏g-1 Ca2+ concentrations respectively. Com-pared with the control, the general tendency of Mn, Zn and Cu content decreased with increasing of Ca2+ concentrations and their contents were in the order: root】leaf】bark. Based on the results of this study, the experiment has been useful for providing academic bases in improving the bark quality of Pteroceltis tatarinowii on non-limestone soil.

酸改性污泥基复合陶粒对Pb^(2+)的吸附性能研究

以污泥、磷尾矿和赤泥为原料制备陶粒,用盐酸、硝酸和柠檬酸进行改性,研究陶粒对水中Pb^(2+)的吸附效果,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、表面基团、零电荷点(pHPZC)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析陶粒对Pb^(2+)的吸附机理。结果表明,低浓度盐酸或硝酸改性陶粒对Pb^(2+)的去除率更好,柠檬酸改性陶粒对Pb^(2+)的去除率低于未改性陶粒。酸改性陶粒具有比表面积大、孔隙结构发达、酸性基团含量多、等电点低等特点,对Pb^(2+)的吸附同时存在物理吸附和化学吸附过程,可用作含Pb^(2+)废水的处理材料。

A型流感病毒PB2蛋白帽子结合结构域的原核表达与鉴定

A型流感病毒是一种重要的人畜共患病病原,严重威胁全球公共卫生安全。PB2蛋白的帽子结合结构域(CBD)在流感病毒的转录过程中发挥重要功能,是抗流感病毒药物的重要靶点之一。为获得高纯度原核表达的A型流感病毒的CBD蛋白,本研究利用同源重组策略将8×His标签与一株H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感病毒的CBD区基因序列克隆至原核表达载体pET28a中,构建重组质粒pET28a-8×His-CBD,经PCR及测序鉴定正确后转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经不同浓度IPTG诱导不同时间后,经SDS-PAGE检测蛋白表达后使用镍柱纯化。结果显示,菌体裂解上清中在21 ku处可见目的条带,与8×His-CBD蛋白预期大小符合,且以0.5 mmol/L IPTG于37℃诱导6 h时蛋白表达量最高,镍柱纯化后可获得纯度大于95%的8×His-CBD蛋白。为确定该蛋白是否具有生物学活性,本研究以帽子结构类似物m7GTP对其进行等温滴定量热试验,结果显示8×His-CBD蛋白和m~7GTP结合时存在明显热峰,表明8×His-CBD蛋白具有生物学活性;经计算,其Kd值为1.71×10^(-5)(±2.92×10^(-6))mol/L。本研究结果对流感病毒的基础研究和抗流感病毒药物的研发具有借鉴意义。

Cu^(2+)与Pb^(2+)对辉锑矿浮选行为的活化机理研究

通过微浮选试验、吸附量试验以及密度泛函(DFT)计算,本文研究了Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)对辉锑矿浮选存在的活化差异及机理。微浮选试验表明,采用丁基黄药(BX)经Pb^(2+)活化后浮选辉锑矿回收率较Cu^(2+)活化提高了7.82%。吸附量试验显示,Pb^(2+)在辉锑矿表面作用后,其表面能够吸附更多的BX。DFT计算结果表明,经Cu^(2+)活化后BX的S1双键原子与Cu形成Cu—S键且属于得电子体系,而Pb^(2+)活化后BX的单键S1和双键S2原子与Pb形成稳定螯合结构且属于失电子体系,为黄药和氧气作用矿物表面生成双黄药供了条件,显著地提高了辉锑矿的可浮性。

碳化处理对再生微粉吸附Pb^(2+)行为与机理的影响

随着工业的发展,大量含铅废弃物被排放到环境中,给水体带来了严重的污染。本研究采用经碳化处理的再生混凝土微粉(CRCF)作为吸附剂,针对硝酸铅配制的铅污染溶液开展吸附试验,并测试分析了吸附剂的物相、微观结构和稳定性。研究表明,CRCF对Pb^(2+)具有良好的吸附效果,24 h后可达到93.1%(质量分数,下同)的去除率;CRCF对Pb^(2+)的吸附稳定性较高,吸附后仅有极少量的Pb^(2+)浸出;吸附反应中,Pb^(2+)静电吸附在CRCF表面,与CRCF发生离子交换并在表面形成碳酸盐沉淀,最终主要以碳酸盐的形式固定在CRCF中;CRCF可作为一种低成本的Pb^(2+)高效吸附剂,可有效应用于含铅废水的治理,实现废物资源化再利用。

PB2基因在流感病毒跨物种传播和哺乳动物适应性中的作用及机制研究进展

近年来,随着禽流感病毒感染人病例的不断增加,对其跨物种传播和哺乳动物适应性的研究备受关注。作为RNA聚合酶复合体的重要组成部分,PB2蛋白在流感病毒转录复制和宿主适应性中发挥关键作用。PB2的特定氨基酸位点突变以及不同亚型流感病毒间的交换重组,能够改变病毒在宿主细胞中的聚合酶活性,进而影响病毒的宿主范围和致病性,促进病毒跨物种传播的能力。此外,PB2蛋白还通过与宿主关键因子的相互作用参与调控病毒对不同哺乳动物的宿主适应性。文章对PB2蛋白的结构和功能特征及其在哺乳动物适应性机制方面的最新研究进展进行归纳总结,为揭示流感病毒跨物种传播机制及相关防控手段的完善提供参考信息。