Self-assembled S-scheme In_(2.77)S_(4)/K^(+)-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)photocatalyst with selective O_(2) reduction pathway for efficient H_(2)O_(2) production using water and air

The development of an efficient artificial H_(2)O_(2) photosynthesis system is a challenging work using H_(2)O and O_(2) as starting materials.Herein,3D In_(2.77)S_(4) nanoflower precursor was in-situ deposited on K^(+)-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)(KCN)nanosheets using a solvothermal method,then In_(2.77)S_(4)/KCN(IS/KCN)het-erojunction with an intimate interface was obtained after a calcination process.The investigation shows that the photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production rate of 50IS/KCN can reach up to 1.36 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)without any sacrificial reagents under visible light irradiation,which is 9.2 times and 4.1 times higher than that of KCN and In_(2.77)S_(4)/respectively.The enhanced activity of the above composite can be mainly attributed to the S-scheme charge transfer route between KCN and In_(2.77)S_(4) according to density functional theory calculations,electron paramagnetic resonance and free radical capture tests,leading to an expanded light response range and rapid charge separation at their interface,as well as preserving the active electrons and holes for H_(2)O_(2) production.Besides,the unique 3D nanostructure and surface hydrophobicity of IS/KCN facilitate the diffusion and transportation of O_(2) around the active centers,the energy barriers of O_(2) protonation and H_(2)O_(2) desorption steps are ef-fectively reduced over the composite.In addition,this system also exhibits excellent light harvesting ability and stability.This work provides a potential strategy to explore a sustainable H_(2)O_(2) photo-synthesis pathway through the design of heterojunctions with intimate interfaces and desired reac-tion thermodynamics and kinetics.

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of Cu^(2+)-doped TiO_2/SiO_2

Cu^2＋-doped nanostructured TiO2-coated SiO2 （TiO2/SiO2） particles were prepared by the layer-by-layer assembly technique and their photocatalytic property was studied. TiO2 colloids were synthesized by the sol-gel method using TiOSO4 as a precursor. The experimental results showed that TiO2 nanopowders on the surface of SiO2 particles were well distributed and compact. The amount of TiO2 increased with the increase in coating layers. The shell structure appeared to be composed of anatase titania nanocrystals at 550℃. The 2-layer coated TiO2 particles on the surface showed a higher degradation rate compared with all the different-layer samples. The photocatalytic activity of Cu^2＋-doped TiO2/SiO2 was higher than that ofundoped TiO2/SiO2. The optimum dopant content was about 0.10wt%.

Fabrication of Gd_(2)O_(3)-doped CeO_(2)thin films through DC reactive sputtering and their application in solid oxide fuel cells

Physical vapor deposition(PVD)can be used to produce high-quality Gd_(2)O_(3)-doped CeO2(GDC)films.Among various PVD methods,reactive sputtering provides unique benefits,such as high deposition rates and easy upscaling for industrial applications.GDC thin films were successfully fabricated through reactive sputtering using a Gd_(0.2)Ce_(0.8)(at%)metallic target,and their application in solid oxide fuel cells,such as buffer layers between yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ)/La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O_(3−δ)and as sublayers in the steel/coating system,was evaluated.First,the direct current(DC)reactive-sputtering behavior of the GdCe metallic target was determined.Then,the GDC films were deposited on NiO-YSZ/YSZ half-cells to investigate the influence of oxygen flow rate on the quality of annealed GDC films.The results demonstrated that reactive sputtering can be used to prepare thin and dense GDC buffer layers without high-temperature sintering.Furthermore,the cells with a sputtered GDC buffer layer showed better electrochemical performance than those with a screen-printed GDC buffer layer.In addition,the insertion of a GDC sublayer between the SUS441 interconnects and the Mn-Co spinel coatings contributed to the reduction of the oxidation rate for SUS441 at operating temperatures,according to the area-specific resistance tests.

Novel Electro-Optical Modulator Utilizing GeO_2-Doped Silica Waveguide

In order to achieve a modulator with broad bandwidth and perfect impedance match,a novel electro-optical modulator based on GeO2-doped silica waveguides on silicon substrate is designed.The finite element model of the whole electro-optical modulator is established by means of ANSYS.With the finite element method analysis,the performance of the novel modulator is predicted.The simulation reveals that the designed modulator operates with a product of 3 dB optical bandwidth and modulating length of 226.59 GHz·cm,and a characteristic impedance of 51.6 Ω at 1 550 nm wavelength.Moreover,the calculated electrical reflected power of coplanar waveguide electrode is below-20 dB in the frequency ranging from 45 MHz to 65 GHz.Therefore,the designed modulator has wide modulation bandwidth and perfect impedance match.

Three-photon-excited fluorescence of Tb^(3+)-doped CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 glass by femtosecond laser irradiation

A near infrared to visible blue, green, and red upconversion luminescence in a Tb^3＋-doped CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass was studied, which was excited using 800 nm femtosecond laser irradiation. The upconversion luminescence was attributed to ^5D3→^7F5, ^5D3→^7F4, ^5D3→^7F3, ^5D4→^7F6, ^5D4→^7F5, ^5D4→^7F4, and ^5D4→^7F3 transitions of Tb^3＋. The relationship between upconversion luminescence intensity and the pump power indicated that a three-photon simultaneous absorption process was dominant in this upconversion luminescence. The intense red, green, and blue upconversion luminescence of Tb^3＋-doped CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass may be potentially useful in developing three-dimensional display applications.

Mechanism and behaviors of Cr3+-doped TiO2

TiO2 powder and TiO2 thin film on the surface of glazed ceramic tile were prepared by sol-gel method.The influences of different doping Cr3+ concentration on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 were discussed, UV-visible and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to test the performance of TiO2 powder and film. The results indicate that photocatalytic activity of doping Cr3+-TiO2 thin film is higher than that of powder, and the interaction between Cr3+-doped and substrate can greatly enhance the photocatalytic activity. The results of X-ray diffraction and photoabsorption show that the Cr3+ -doped energy level in TiO2 is 0. 62 eV high from the top of valence band, which belongs to the type of deep energy level doping. On the basis of the semiconductor energy level theory and Cr3+ dopant energy level, the semiconductor energy level model of Cr3+ in TiO2 powder and thin film were established, and the doping mechanisms of Cr3+-doped in TiO2 powder and thin film were analyzed.

Emission property of Y_2O_3-doped Mo secondary emitter

Y2O3-doped Mo secondary emitters were prepared by liquid-liquid doping and solid-solid doping,respectively.The back-scattered scanning observation result indicates that the emitter prepared by liquid-liquid doping has fine microstructure whereas that prepared by solid-solid doping has large grain size.Y2O3-doped Mo emitter with small grain size prepared by liquid-liquid doping exhibits high emission property,i.e.,the secondary electron yield can get to 5.24,about 1.7 times that prepared by solid-solid doping.Moreover,Y2O3-doped Mo emitter exhibits the best emission performance among La2O3-doped Mo,Y2O3-doped Mo, Gd2O3-doped Mo and Ce2O3-doped Mo emitters due to the largest penetration depth of primary electrons and escape depth of secondary electrons in this emitter.The secondary emission of the emitter with small grain size can be explained by reflection emission model and transmission emission model,whereas only transmission emission exists in the emitter with large grain size.

Interfacial Structure of Nanocrystalline SnO_2 and SiO_2-doped SnO_2

The study of nanocrystalline SnO2 (n-SnO2) and SiO2-doped SnO2 (n-Si-SnO2) samples pre-pared by the sol-gel process showed that SiO2 doping can effectively restrained the growth of nanocrystalline SnO2 grains, thus improving thermal stability of the materials.

Study on the Synthesis of La(3)-doped Nano-TiO_2 and Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange

In this paper,La（3）-doped Nano-TiO2（La（3）-TiO2） was synthesized via hydrothermal process.Structure and optical properties of the synthesized samples were characterized via XRD,FT-IR,DRS,etc.The results showed that the phase transformation of TiO2 from anatase to rutile was effectively prevented by La（3）-doping,which improved the thermal stability of anatase,and also suppressed particle aggregation and grain growth of TiO2.The formation of Ti-O-La bond promoted UV absorption intensity of TiO2,and provoked red shift of absorbed light.And the spectra response range of TiO2 was extended significantly to visible light by La（3）-doping,then photocatalytic performance was improved effectively.Compared with pure nano-TiO2,the performance of La（3）-TiO2 which photocatalyticly degraded methyl orange was increased significantly.

Zero-field splitting parameters and local structures for tetragonal Cr^(2+) centers in Cr^(2+)-doped ZnSe semiconductors

The inter-relation between zero-field splitting （ZFS） parameters and local lattice structures of the （CrSe4）6 clusters in ZnSe semiconductors has been established by using the complete diagonalization （of the energy matrix） method. On the basis of this, the local lattice distortions, the ZFS parameters D, a, F and the optical spectrum for Cr2＋ ions doped into ZnSe are theoretically investigated, and the contributions of the spin singlets have been taken into account. The calculated ZFS parameters are in good agreement with the experimental values. From our calculations, the tetragonal distortion parameters AR = 0.091A and Aθ = 4.28° of Cr2＋ in ZnSe are acquired, and the results suggest that there exists a tetragonal expansion distortion for the local lattice structure of （CrSe4）6- clusters in ZnSe crystals. The influence of the spin singlets on ZFS parameters is also discussed, indicating that the contributions to ZFS parameters a and F cannot be ignored.

Crystallization and Luminescence Properties of Sm3＋-Doped SrO-Al2O3-SiO2 Glass-Ceramics

The Sm^（3＋）-doped SrO-Al2O3-SiO2（SAS） glass-ceramics with excellent luminescence properties were prepared by batch melting and heat treatment. The crystallization behavior and luminescent properties of the glass-ceramics were investigated by DTA, XRD, SEM and luminescence spectroscopy. The results indicate that the crystal phase precipitated in this system is monocelsian（SrAl2Si2O） and with the increase of nucleation/crystallization temperature, the crystallite increases from 66 % to 79 %. The Sm（3＋）-doped SAS glass-ceramics emit green, orange and red lights centered at 565, 605, 650 and 715 nm under the excitation of 475 nm blue light which can be assigned to the 4 G5/2→6 Hj/2（j=5, 7, 9, 11） transitions ofSm^（3＋）, respectively. Besides, by increasing the crystallization temperature or the concentration ofSm^（3＋）, the emission lights of the samples located at 565, 605 and 650 nm are intensified significantly. The present results demonstrate that theSm^（3＋）-doped SAS glassceramics are promising luminescence materials for white LED devices by fine controlling and combining of these three green, orange and red lights in appropriate proportion.

PbO_2电极氧化有机废水的研究

采用电沉积法制备PbO2电极及其复合电极,并以其为阳极对含酸性红B的模拟染料废水进行处理。结果表明Co-Bi-PbO2/Ti电极兼有较高的催化效果和较长的使用寿命,是今后研究和发展的重点。极化曲线的研究表明,Co-Bi-PbO2/Ti电极的析氧电位约在2.1Vvs.RE(RE:SO42-Hg2SO4Hg),明显高于石墨和Sn-SbOx/Ti电极,有较高的析氧过电位,这也正是Co-Bi-PbO2/Ti氧化有机物能力强的原因。

新型不锈钢基PbO_2/PbO_2-CeO_2复合电极材料的研制

报道了在不锈钢基体上电沉积制备PbO2/PbO2-CeO2复合电极材料.研究了电沉积工艺参数对不锈钢表面沉积二氧化铅的影响.采用XRD、SEM对得到的电极进行了相结构和形貌分析,把该新型电极材料应用于电积锌过程并与传统的铅电极进行了对比,结果表明,采用不锈钢基PbO2／PbO2-CeO2复合电极材料,锌电积过程的槽电压降低,电流效率高.

PbO_2阳极在硫酸溶液中的析氧失活行为

采用热分解-电镀法制备了以Sb掺杂SnO2(Sb-SnO2)为底层的Ti基PbO2阳极(Ti/PbO2).采用加速电解寿命测试、电化学阻抗谱、XRD、SEM-EDX等技术,研究了Ti/PbO2阳极在硫酸溶液中的电解失效行为和机制.结果表明,在新制备的PbO2镀层中,由于氧空位的存在,PbO2镀层的内应力表现为拉应力,随着电解的进行,阳极表面生成的活性氧原子在向基底扩散的过程中,将Pb3+态氧化为Pb4+态,逐渐占据镀层内作为自由电子施主的氧空位,这不仅导致镀层的导电性能下降,同时使镀层的应力逐渐由拉应力转变为压应力,镀层性质逐渐劣化.这一过程基本结束时,活性氧原子才大量扩散至Ti基底导致基底的钝化,在Ti基底和镀层界面出现显著的界面应力,在界面应力和镀层内压应力的共同作用下,阳极出现鼓泡、脱落,迅速进入失活阶段.

β-PbO_2纳米棒及Pb_3O_4纳米晶的制备与表征

利用 Na Cl O在碱性溶液中与 Pb(Ac) 2 进行氧化反应直接合成出直径为 1 0～ 2 0 nm、长度为 40 0 nm、长径比达 2 0以上的纯相 β-Pb O2 纳米棒 .对所得 β-Pb O2 在 42 0℃下进行热解 ,得到晶粒尺寸为 2 0 nm左右的 Pb3O4 .对液相氧化反应的温度、时间、氧化剂浓度、p H等因素的影响进行了详细研究 ,获得了最佳合成反应条件 .所得产物利用粉末 X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜分析进行了表征 .

β-PbO_2电极的改性制备及其性能

通过对传统电沉积 β PbO2 工艺技术的改进 (在镀液中加入纳米级TiO2 ) ,使镀层 β PbO2 ,的脆性大大降低 ,从而使其在温度为 90℃的H2 SO4 介质中使用 ,镀层不会与基材剥落 ,而是自然损耗。

Pt/PbO_2电极在COD测定中的初探

选用铅基二氧化铅膜作为电极材料 ,研究了用Pt为基体PbO2 膜电极的制备。以此新型电极作为工作电极组成三电极工作系统 ,并通过增大电位气泡更新法对电极再生 ,来阻止电极表面被污染。应用恒电位伏安法的原理测定电流值 ,保证了测量的重现性。通过对试液COD值的测定 。

纳米PbO_2修饰电极安培检测器流动注射法快速测定化学需氧量

采用以纳米PbO 2修饰电极为工作电极的安培检测器, 用流动注射法快速检测水体中的化学需氧量(COD). 根据纳米PbO 2修饰电极催化氧化电流的大小测定样品的COD值, 在50～1 200 mg/L COD的范围内, 电流响应与标准水样中的COD Cr 值呈线性关系, 检出限为20 mg/L. 该法不需对水样进行预处理, 不使用有毒试剂, 无二次污染, 具有快速、简便、进样量少及工作电极使用寿命长等优点, 与COD Cr 国家标准分析法对比具有较好的相关性.

稀土Y掺杂Ti/SnO_2+MnO_x/PbO_2电极的电化学性能研究

采用热分解和电沉积的方法制备了稀土元素Y掺杂Ti/SnO2+MnOx/PbO2耐酸阳极。用XRD、SEM表征了电极的物相和表面形貌,用CV、EIS测定了电极的电化学性能,并研究了Y掺杂对电极在强酸性溶液中使用寿命的影响。结果表明:Y以Y2O3的形式与SnO2形成半导体固溶体,使电极在高电流密度(4A/cm2)下的预期使用寿命达到70h;同时该电极的析氧电位高达2.1V,且电极表面呈蘑菇状,电催化性较好,Ti/SnO2+Y2O3+MnOx/PbO2电极是一种较理想的耐酸阳极材料。

改性PbO_2电极电催化降解水中硝基苯酚

为研究PbO2电极的性能,在酸性溶液中,以电沉积法制备了改性钛基PbO2电极,优化并确定了电极的制备工艺,并利用SEM对电极的表面形貌进行了检测.以硝基苯酚为目标有机物,考察了电极的电催化氧化性能.采用铋掺杂PbO2电极处理水中邻硝基苯酚、间硝基苯酚和对硝基苯酚,并对不同硝基苯酚的矿化过程以及降解动力学进行了比较.研究表明:改性PbO2电极的电催化性能优于传统的PbO2电极;邻硝基苯酚在本研究条件下更易被降解.