The addition of municipal solid wastes （MSW） is considered as a possible strategy for soil rehabilitation in southeast Spain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term （17 years） effect of five dos...The addition of municipal solid wastes （MSW） is considered as a possible strategy for soil rehabilitation in southeast Spain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term （17 years） effect of five doses of MSW addition on the microbiological, biochemical, and physical properties of semiarid soil. Increased values of several parameters that serve as indicators of general microbiological activity, such as, basal respiration, adenosine triphosphate （ATP） or dehydrogenase activity; microbial population size （microbial biomass C）, and extracellular hydrolase activity related to macronutrient cycles, such as, urease, 3-glucosidase, and N-a-benzoyl-L-argininamide protease, were observed in the amended soils. The highest MSW doses showed the highest values in these hydrolase activities. The incorporation of municipal waste resulted in a more dense development of the plant cover, 50% greater in higher doses than in the control treatment, which generated a substantial increase in several C fractions. Total organic carbon reached 12 g kg^-1 soil with the highest MSW doses, compared to 4.30 g kg^-1 soil in the control treatment. The physical properties of the soil were also improved, showing greater percentage of stable aggregates and water holding capacity. Positive correlation coefficients between C fractions and parameters related to microbial activity and aggregate stability were observed. Although these improvements were greater in the soils receiving the highest doses of organic amendment, the increases were not proportional to the amount added, demonstrating the existence of a threshold, above which an increase in the amount of organic matter added is not reflected in an increase in the soil＇s physical, biochemical, and microbiological properties. However, the addition of municipal solid wastes proved its suitability for improving soil quality, thereby indicating the potential of such an amendment, to prevent desertification in Mediterranean areas such as those studied.展开更多
Zeolite formation was investigated under low temperature conditions between 40°C - 25°C under insertion of a Si-rich filtration residue (FR) from waste water cleaning of the silane production. Syntheses were...Zeolite formation was investigated under low temperature conditions between 40°C - 25°C under insertion of a Si-rich filtration residue (FR) from waste water cleaning of the silane production. Syntheses were performed under open system conditions without stirring. The application of templates was excluded but gel formation was optimized by addition of citric acid. Beside a minimal consumption of process energy during synthesis under very low temperatures even FR was inserted without an expansive pre-treatment like calcination. Disordered intergrowths of FAU-EMT intermediates were obtained in each case, even at a temperature of only 25°C. The reaction products always occurred in two sequences, one at the bottom and another at the top of the reaction bin. A better crystallinity was detected for the latter products and the Si/Al ratio of these FAU-EMT members was close to 1.0 like in zeolite LSX. In contrast chemical analyses revealed an enrichment of Ca- and Mg- impurities from FR in the bottom products.展开更多
An aerobic composting method is studied to reuse organic waste from rubb er factory waste as soil fertilizer and to study the effect of cellulolytic microbial activator （CMA） as the activator in the rubber factory w...An aerobic composting method is studied to reuse organic waste from rubb er factory waste as soil fertilizer and to study the effect of cellulolytic microbial activator （CMA） as the activator in the rubber factory waste composting. The performance of the composting process was monitored as a function of carbon and organic matter decomposition rate, temperature and moisture content. The results indicate that the rubber factory waste is best composted with water hyacinth and sludge than composted alone. In addition, the CMA is more aft^ctive when mixed with the rubber factory waste, water hyacinth and sludge since a good fertilizer is achieved. When adding CMA into the rubber factory waste composted alone, the finished product does not achieve a standard of fertilizer, especially the C/N ratio. The finished products （both CMA and without CMA）, can be an environmental friendly alternative to solve the disposal problems of rubber factory waste, Since the C/N ratio, pH, moisture content, temperature, and nutrients of the finished products are acceptable for agriculture use.展开更多
Coir pith, a byproduct of coconut husk is difficult to decompose due to its high lignin and cellulose content. In this study, coir pith was composted with different agro industrial by products such as cow dung, vegeta...Coir pith, a byproduct of coconut husk is difficult to decompose due to its high lignin and cellulose content. In this study, coir pith was composted with different agro industrial by products such as cow dung, vegetable market waste, poultry waste and microbial consortium. The different treatment combinations used in the present study were Control, T1 (Coir pith + Cow dung + Vegetable market waste + Poultry waste + mixed microbial culture (Trichoderma viridae + Pleurotus sajar caju), T2 (Coir pith + Vegetable market waste + Poultry waste + Tank slit + Mixed microbial culture) and T3 (Coir pith + Cow dung + poultry waste + tank slit + mixed microbial culture). At the end of 12th week, in the treatment T1, C: N ratio of 21.8:1 was observed in the composted coir pith sample. Highest P content of 0.47% and K content of 1.2% and the least Cellulose and Lignin contents of 22.8% and 10.03% were recorded in the T1 treatment after a composting period of 12 weeks. Highest pH of 7.4 was observed in the treatment T3, this was followed by T1 (7.2) treatment.展开更多
基金Project supported by the EU and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology.
文摘The addition of municipal solid wastes （MSW） is considered as a possible strategy for soil rehabilitation in southeast Spain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term （17 years） effect of five doses of MSW addition on the microbiological, biochemical, and physical properties of semiarid soil. Increased values of several parameters that serve as indicators of general microbiological activity, such as, basal respiration, adenosine triphosphate （ATP） or dehydrogenase activity; microbial population size （microbial biomass C）, and extracellular hydrolase activity related to macronutrient cycles, such as, urease, 3-glucosidase, and N-a-benzoyl-L-argininamide protease, were observed in the amended soils. The highest MSW doses showed the highest values in these hydrolase activities. The incorporation of municipal waste resulted in a more dense development of the plant cover, 50% greater in higher doses than in the control treatment, which generated a substantial increase in several C fractions. Total organic carbon reached 12 g kg^-1 soil with the highest MSW doses, compared to 4.30 g kg^-1 soil in the control treatment. The physical properties of the soil were also improved, showing greater percentage of stable aggregates and water holding capacity. Positive correlation coefficients between C fractions and parameters related to microbial activity and aggregate stability were observed. Although these improvements were greater in the soils receiving the highest doses of organic amendment, the increases were not proportional to the amount added, demonstrating the existence of a threshold, above which an increase in the amount of organic matter added is not reflected in an increase in the soil＇s physical, biochemical, and microbiological properties. However, the addition of municipal solid wastes proved its suitability for improving soil quality, thereby indicating the potential of such an amendment, to prevent desertification in Mediterranean areas such as those studied.
文摘Zeolite formation was investigated under low temperature conditions between 40°C - 25°C under insertion of a Si-rich filtration residue (FR) from waste water cleaning of the silane production. Syntheses were performed under open system conditions without stirring. The application of templates was excluded but gel formation was optimized by addition of citric acid. Beside a minimal consumption of process energy during synthesis under very low temperatures even FR was inserted without an expansive pre-treatment like calcination. Disordered intergrowths of FAU-EMT intermediates were obtained in each case, even at a temperature of only 25°C. The reaction products always occurred in two sequences, one at the bottom and another at the top of the reaction bin. A better crystallinity was detected for the latter products and the Si/Al ratio of these FAU-EMT members was close to 1.0 like in zeolite LSX. In contrast chemical analyses revealed an enrichment of Ca- and Mg- impurities from FR in the bottom products.
文摘An aerobic composting method is studied to reuse organic waste from rubb er factory waste as soil fertilizer and to study the effect of cellulolytic microbial activator （CMA） as the activator in the rubber factory waste composting. The performance of the composting process was monitored as a function of carbon and organic matter decomposition rate, temperature and moisture content. The results indicate that the rubber factory waste is best composted with water hyacinth and sludge than composted alone. In addition, the CMA is more aft^ctive when mixed with the rubber factory waste, water hyacinth and sludge since a good fertilizer is achieved. When adding CMA into the rubber factory waste composted alone, the finished product does not achieve a standard of fertilizer, especially the C/N ratio. The finished products （both CMA and without CMA）, can be an environmental friendly alternative to solve the disposal problems of rubber factory waste, Since the C/N ratio, pH, moisture content, temperature, and nutrients of the finished products are acceptable for agriculture use.
文摘Coir pith, a byproduct of coconut husk is difficult to decompose due to its high lignin and cellulose content. In this study, coir pith was composted with different agro industrial by products such as cow dung, vegetable market waste, poultry waste and microbial consortium. The different treatment combinations used in the present study were Control, T1 (Coir pith + Cow dung + Vegetable market waste + Poultry waste + mixed microbial culture (Trichoderma viridae + Pleurotus sajar caju), T2 (Coir pith + Vegetable market waste + Poultry waste + Tank slit + Mixed microbial culture) and T3 (Coir pith + Cow dung + poultry waste + tank slit + mixed microbial culture). At the end of 12th week, in the treatment T1, C: N ratio of 21.8:1 was observed in the composted coir pith sample. Highest P content of 0.47% and K content of 1.2% and the least Cellulose and Lignin contents of 22.8% and 10.03% were recorded in the T1 treatment after a composting period of 12 weeks. Highest pH of 7.4 was observed in the treatment T3, this was followed by T1 (7.2) treatment.
