Improved Full Bridge Converter with Low Peak Voltage on Rectifier Diodes

To suppress peak voltage on rectifier diodes in a full bridge( FB) converter,the mechanism of peak voltage was analyzed and an improved FB converter was proposed. One reason for peak voltage is the resonance of the transformer's leakage inductance and the rectifier diodes' junction capacitances. The other reason is that the fast reverse recovery current of the rectifier diodes flows through the transformer's leakage inductance. An H bridge composed of four diodes,an auxiliary inductance, and a clamping winding were adopted in the proposed converter,and peak voltage was suppressed by varying the equivalent inductance, principally in different operating modes. Experimental results demonstrate that the peak voltage of rectifier diodes decreases by 43%,the auxiliary circuit does not lead to additional loss, and the rising rate, resonant frequency,and amplitude of the rectifier diodes' voltage decrease.Peak voltage and electromagnetic interference( EMI) of rectifier diodes are suppressed.

Energy spectrum of multi-radiation of X-rays in a low energy Mather-type plasma focus device

The multi-radiation of X-rays was investigated with special attention to their energy spectrum in a Mather-type plasma focus device （operated with argon gas）. The analysis is based on the effect of anomalous resistances. To study the energy spectrum, a four-channel diode X-ray spectrometer was used along with a special set of filters. The filters were suitable for detection of medium range X-rays as well as hard X-rays with energy exceeding 30 keV. The results indicate that the anomalous resistivity effect during the post pinch phase may cause multi-radiation of X-rays with a total duration of 300 ± 50 ns. The significant contribution of Cu-Kα was due to the medium range X-rays, nonetheless, hard X-rays with energies greater than 15 keV also participate in the process. The total emitted X-ray energy in the forms of Cu-K and Cu-K/3 was around 0.14 ± 0.02 （J/Sr） and 0.04 ±0.01 （J/Sr）, respectively. The total energy of the emitted hard X-ray （〉 15 keV） was around 0.12± 0.02 （J/Sr）.

FDTD technique based crosstalk analysis of bundled SWCNT interconnects

The equivalent electrical circuit model of a bundled single-walled carbon nanotube based distributed RLC interconnects is employed for the crosstalk analysis. The accurate time domain analysis and crosstalk effect in the VLSI interconnect has emerged as an essential design criteria. This paper presents a brief description of the numerical method based finite difference time domain （FDTD） technique that is intended for estimation of voltages and currents on coupled transmission lines. For the FDTD implementation, the stability of the proposed model is strictly restricted by the Courant condition. This method is used for the estimation of crosstalk induced propagation delay and peak voltage in lossy RLC interconnects. Both functional and dynamic crosstalk effects are analyzed in the coupled transmission line. The effect of line resistance on crosstalk induced delay, and peak voltage under dynamic and functional crosstalk is also evaluated. The FDTD analysis and the SPICE simulations are carried out at 32 nm technology node for the global interconnects. It is observed that the analytical results obtained using the FDTD technique are in good agreement with the SPICE simulation results. The crosstalk induced delay, propagation delay, and peak voltage obtained using the FDTD technique shows average errors of 4.9%, 3.4% and 0.46%, respectively, in comparison to SPICE.

A positive-sequence current based directional relaying approach for CCVT subsidence transient condition

In this work,a directional relaying algorithm is proposed for transmission line to prevent relay maloperation during coupling capacitor voltage transformer(CCVT)subsidence transient.The effect of CCVT subsidence transient during single-pole-tripping condition is highlighted in this paper.The proposed method which is based on phase angle difference of post fault and prefault positive sequence current can help the directional relay to take accurate decision during erroneous CCVT secondary response.The available CCVT model in PSCAD is not able to generate significant subsidence transient in the secondary side.So,a new CCVT model is developed in EMTDC/PSCAD domain for transient response analysis and to check the relay operation.Next,the performance of different voltage and current information based directional relaying techniques have been analyzed and compared with the proposed method.The results are evaluated for different system and fault conditions.Results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method.

Snubber Circuit for Marine Controlled-Source Electromagnetic Transmitter

A high-power marine controlled-source electromagnetic transmitter(HP-MCSET)transmits a highfrequency conversion current on the sea floor.Some problems exist when the direct-current to alternating-current(DC-AC)launch bridge(LB)is used in the marine controlled-source electromagnetic transmitter(MCSET).There is a high voltage peak in the LB when the insulated gate bipolar transistor(IGBT)is turned on and off.In some cases,the voltage stress of the IGBT can be exceeded,which may cause IGBT damage.Because the rise of the current steepness is relatively low and the output voltage has a voltage peak in the LB,a snubber circuit is added to the IGBT to suppress the voltage peak to improve the output current and voltage waveform.The suppression of the voltage peaks is analyzed and compared for several groups of snubber circuits.To meet the performance requirements of the MCSET,the optimal snubber circuit is selected to effectively suppress the voltage peaks at an output current of 1 kA.This method is verified by using a 70 kW MCSET and the experimental waveforms are provided.The simulation of the inductance obstruction load in seawater is necessary to determine the conditions for actual marine environment experiments.