Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Seeds of Peganum harmala L. （zygophyllaceae） on 5th Stage Larvae Locusta migratoria cinerascens （Fabricius, 1781） （ Orthoptera： Oedipodinae）

The study has for objective the determination of the efficiency of the aqueous extracts from seeds of Peganum harmala L. on the mortality of the larvas of 5th stage and on the fertility of the female adults of Locusta migratoria cinerascens. For that purpose, a breeding of to custs was realized in th e conditions of labor atories. At hatching, the larvae are fed daily basis lawn Stenotaphrum americanum and a pro tein supplement of wheat b ran. The extraction of the aqueous extract of the seeds of P. harmala is done after maceration in the ethanol, under magnetic stirring using a rotavapor. To determine larval mortality L5, two modes of treatment have been made, one by contact and another by ingestion, using for both treatment 4 doses in a geometric progression, 0.03 mg/mL, 0.06 mg/mL, 0.12 mg/mL and 24 mg/mL. The results showed that the mortality for the doses of 0.12 mg/mL and 0.24 mg/mL, reaches respectively 40% and 60% on the 3rd day, as well for the treatment by contact as by ingestion. But the LD50 for ingestion treatment is lower. It is 0.19 mg/mL contrary to that of the contact treatment （0.19 mg/mL）. The larvae that survived the treatment by ingestion, have suffered morphological changes as well as physiological which consist of a deformation of the wings, delayed of the larval molt, of 6 day s, b locking the fledg ing, the change of the pigmentation as well as an extension of the preoviposition. Fertility was also affected and females lay only twice, a small number of eggs, unlike untreated females which come to lay 3 times with an average of 62.7 eggs/female at first spawning against 50 eggs for the females treated.

β-Carboline alkaloids from the roots of Peganum harmala L.

This study reports the isolation of four newβ-carboline alkaloids(1−4)and six previously identified alkaloids(5−10)from the roots of Peganum harmala L.Among these compounds,1 and 2 were characterized as rareβ-carboline-quinazoline dimers exhibiting axial chirality.Compound 3 possessed a unique 6/5/6/7 tetracyclic ring system with an azepine ring,and compound 4 was a novel annomontineβ-carboline.The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data and quantum mechanical calculations.The biosynthetic pathways of 1−3 were proposed.Additionally,the cytotoxicity of some isolates against four cancer cell lines(HL-60,A549,MDA-MB-231,and DU145)was evaluated.Notably,compound 4 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against HL-60,A549,and DU145 cells with IC_(50) values of 12.39,12.80,and 30.65μmol·L^(−1),respectively.Furthermore,compound 2 demonstrated selective cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells with an IC_(50) value of 17.32μmol·L^(−1).

Antibacteria Activity of Peganum harmala and Haloxylon salicornicum Leaves Extracts

The use of antibiotics in humans and animals has been marked as a significant step in health due to their effectiveness in controlling and treating bacterial infections. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics have been identified as risk factors for bacterial resistance since microorganisms adapt and develop mechanisms to defend against antibiotics. According to the Centers for Disease Protection and Control (CDC), around 23,000 individuals die every year in the United States due to antibiotic resistance complications. As a result, a demand for alternative treatments has been a goal for scientists as the microbes adapt to selective pressure. The aim of this study is to test the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Peganum harmala and Haloxylon salicornicum on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria on various mediums. The results of the study showed that both P. harmala and H. salicornicum inhibited the bacterial growth in two different media. The results were also compared with different common antibiotics used in both human’s and animal’s fields and showed a promising outcome as alternative antibiotics.

Cytotoxicity, Toxicity and Anticancer Activity of Manuka Honey, Saudi’s Honey and Peganum harmala Plant against Cancer Cells

Cancer occurs when the body’s cells grow beyond the usual control. Normal body cells multiply in a controlled manner and undergo apoptosis when the body no longer needs them. Different types of cancers exist, and the common ones include breast, cervical, prostate, lung, colon, and skin cancers. Several factors have been associated with cancers, and these factors include poor dieting, exposure to harmful chemicals and radiation, weak immune system, and genetics. Cancer presents an enormous health threat in the modern world and thus the need to identify an effective treatment. The conventional treatments used in the management of cancer include chemotherapy and physiotherapy. These forms of cancer treatments usually have enormous side effects on the subjects. In this respect, an alternative form of treatment would be effective in managing cancer patients. A substantial number of natural products have been observed to be effective in the management of cancer. These natural products include plants and other natural substances such as honey. This study focuses on the efficiency of natural products in the treatment of cancer. Also, the anticancer effects of Peganum harmala, Manuka honey, and Saudi honey will be analyzed. Bee honey and Peganum harmala have been traditionally used in the treatment of cancer. The extracts from Peganum harmala plant have also been shown to exhibit divers’ antitumor effects similar to the mode of action of a vast number of anticancer agents. These established hypotheses thus give the rationale for this study. In this experiment, extracts were obtained from Peganum harmala leaves and exposed to cervical, lung, and prostate cancer cells. Similarly, solutions of Manuka honey and Saudi honey were exposed to the cervical, lung, and prostate cancer cells. The experiment duration was 24 hours, which obtained results were recorded and analyzed. Peganum harmala extracts inhibit cancer cell growth at different and achievable concentrations. Manuka honey highly inhibits the growth of HeLa cancer cells while Saudi honey highly inhibits the growth of A549 cells. Peganum harmala can form an effective treatment for managing several types of cancers. Manuka Honey can be applied as an effective treatment for managing cervical cancer while Saudi honey can form an effective treatment for managing lung cancers.

骆驼蓬(Peganum harmala)蛋白质的分布、提取及活性研究

采用不同溶剂分级提取骆驼蓬(Peganum harmalaL.)根、茎、叶及种子中的蛋白质,结果表明总蛋白以种子中的蛋白含量最高,而营养器官以叶中的蛋白含量较高。当年种子总蛋白含量显著高于贮藏种子。不同溶剂分级提取的当年生种子、根、茎和叶中各组分,以碱提组分蛋白含量最高。用含不同盐离子浓度的缓冲液和不同pH值的广泛缓冲液提取骆驼蓬种子的蛋白质,结果表明优化后的缓冲液条件为含0.2 mol/L NaCl,pH=7.0～8.0的5 mmol/L PBS缓冲液。硫酸铵沉淀法获得的骆驼蓬种子中的蛋白粗提物(1.2 mg/mL)对供试真菌交格链孢菌(Alternaria alternata)、指状青霉菌(Penicillium degitatum)、灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)、稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)和意大利青霉菌(Penicillium italicum)等5种植物病原真菌均有抑菌作用,其中对意大利青霉菌和交格链孢菌表现出较好的抑菌活性,抑菌环直径分别为19.50和18.50 mm。对供试细菌表皮葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis)、粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)、臭鼻克雷伯菌(Klebsiella penumoniae)、福氏志贺氏菌(Shigella flexneri)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和鲍曼不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baumannii)等6种病原细菌也有抑菌作用,其中对臭鼻克雷伯菌、福氏志贺氏菌、表皮葡萄球菌等病原细菌等有较好的抑制作用,抑菌圈直径分别10.20、10.10和9.30 mm。

Exploring the mechanism of Peganum harmala L.seeds on hepatocellular carcinoma based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Peganum harmala L.is a medicinal plant,and its seeds have been used to treat gastrointestinal cancer and malaria for a long time in North-Western China.In the present study,we aimed to probe the potential molecular targets and pharmacological mechanisms of Peganum harmala L.seeds(PHS)on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)using network analysis and molecular docking.First,the chemical ingredients of PHS were obtained from TCMID and BATMAN-TCM databases,and the effective ingredients were screened by SwissADME.Furthermore,the target information of the effective ingredients was acquired from PharmMapper and SwissTargetPrediction databases.Secondly,HCC-related targets were obtained from Liverome,DisGeNET,and GeneCards databases.The intersection with the PHS was obtained.The“compounds-targets”was drawn using Cytoscape software,and PPI network diagrams were drawn using their intersection targets.GO analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis were carried out using the DAVID database.Finally,molecular docking was conducted between protein receptors and the active components using AutoDockTools.Our results showed 105 intersection targets of PHS with HCC.Moreover,10 core targets included ALB,AKT1,EGFR,CASP3,SRC,ESR1,MAPK3,MMP9,ANXA5,and MAPK1.Besides,404 GO functional annotations were obtained,including 287 biological processes,37 cell compositions,and 80 molecular functions.In addition,110 signaling molecules and pathways,including chemical oncogene receptors,PI3K-Akt pathway,HCC,and hepatitis B,were identified.The molecular docking results showed that the binding energies of the 10 core targets and the 12 active components were all less than–5 kcal/mol.In conclusion,this study expounded on the“component-target-pathway”interaction mechanism of PHS for the treatment of HCC,and it also provided a scientific basis for the clinical application of PHS.

Medicinal properties of Peganum harmala L. in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy: a review

OBJECTIVE： To review the pharmacological activities of Peganum harmala L. （R harmala, Nitrariaceae） in traditional Iranian medicine （TIM） and mod- ern phytotherapy. METHODS： Opinions of TIM and modern phytotherapy about safety and acceptable dosage of this plant are discussed. Various medical properties of P. harmala were collected from important TIM references and added to scientific reports derived from modern medical databases like PubMed, Scirus, ScienceDirect and Scopus.RESULTS： The main medicinal part of the plant is the seed. In TIM resources, this plant possesses vari- ous Pharmacological activities such as carminative, galactagogue, diuretic, emmenagogue, antithrom-botic and analgesic. In modern phytotherapy, R harmala demonstrated numerous medicinal effects including cardiovascular, neurologic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antineoplasmic, antiproliferative, gastrointestinal and antidiabetic effects. Adverse events such as neuro-sensorial symptoms, visual hallucination, bradycardia, hypotension, agitation, tremors, ataxia, abortion and vomiting cause peo- ple to use this plant cautiously. R harmala is contraindicated during pregnancy, due to its abortive and mutagenic activities. Because of increasing the expression of CYP1A2, 2C19, and 3A4 and inhi- bition of monoamine oxidase, the pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs which are mainly metabolized by these enzymes may be affected by R har- mala. CONCLUSION： The medicinal properties declared for this plant in TIM are compared with those showed in modern phytotherapy. Some of the TIM properties were confirmed in modern phytotherapy like emetic and analgesic activities and some have not been evaluated in modern phytotherapy such as its therapeutic effects on paralysis, epilepsy and numbness. Finally, the current review provides the evidence for other researchers to use TIM properties of P. harmala as an efficacious natural drug. Further preclinical and clinical studies for adequate evaluating safety and therapeutic efficacy are recommended.

Efficacy evaluation of the protein isolated from Peganum harmala seeds as an antioxidant in liver of rats

Objective:To evaluate the curative effect of the 132 KD protein isolated from the seeds of Peganum harmala（P.harmala） L against carbon tetrachloride（CCl4） induced oxidative stress in rats.Methods:Animals were post treated intraperitoneally with 132 KO isolated protein at doses of 4 and 8 mg/kg body weight and bovine serum albumin（BSA）（8 mg/kg body weight） as well as vitamin C（250 mg/kg body weight p.o.） for 7 d after they challenged with CCl4 orally（1 ml/Ag body weight） in olive oil（50%） for 2 d.Results:The purified protein from seeds of P.harmala plant showed in vitro antioxidant activity with DPPH assay.Administration of CCl4 induced induction in serum aminotransferases（AST,ALT）,alkaline phosphatase（ALP）,lipid profile parameters and liver malondialdehyde（MDA） and decrease in serum total protein,liver superoxide dismutase （SOD）,catalase（CAT）,and reduced glutathione（GSH） levels.132 KD protein treatment of rats post CCl4 intoxication successfully alleviated the toxic effects of CCl4.Conclusions:The isolated protein possessed strong antioxidant activity comparable to that of BSA（negative control） and vitamin C（positive control）.

In-vitro effect of Peganum harmala total alkaloids on spermatozoa quality and oxidative stress of epididymal ram semen

Objective:To determine the in-vitro effect of the total alkaloid extract of Peganum(P.)harmala seeds on ram epididymal sperm.Methods:Semen was divided into six groups according to the following concentrations of the P.harmala total alkaloids:1,5,10,50,and 100μg/mL,and the control group.The samples were incubated at ambient temperature(21℃-24℃)for 24 h,and analyzed in terms of motility,membrane integrity,and oxidative status.Results:The sperm kinematic parameters,i.e.straight-line velocity,curvilinear velocity,average path velocity,were significantly higher when treated with P.harmala at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10μg/mL compared to the control group(P<0.05).In addtion,the highest amplitude of the lateral head displacement value was found in the groups treated with concentrations 1 and 5μg/mL of P.harmala compared to the control group(P<0.05).Total and progressive motilities showed that the extracts at 1,5,and 10μg/mL exhibited a high percentage after 24 h of incubation.The effect of P.harmala extracts on the membrane integrity of ram epididymal sperm was concentration-dependent and significantly different compared to the control group(P<0.05).Non-significantly lower lipid peroxidation levels were observed after 24 h of incubation of ram epididymal sperm treated with concentrations 1,5,and 10μg/mL of P.harmala extracts compared to the control group(P>0.05).Conclusions:Low concentrations(1-10μg/mL)of P.harmala extracts stimulate sperm motility,preserve membrane integrity and protect ram spermatozoa from lipid peroxidation.

Anticancer Activity of Peganum harmala and Haloxylon salicornicum Leaf Extracts on Lung Cancer A549 and Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cell Lines

Cancer is a worldwide disease that ranks as the second-largest cause of death after cardiovascular disease. In 2019, the estimated number of cancer deaths was around 10 million worldwide and 600,000 in the United States. Due to the high side effects of the available treatments for cancer, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, a demand for alternative treatments has been a goal for scientists with less toxicity and side effects. Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide and the leading cause of death in the United States. In addition, prostate cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer death in American men after lung cancer. Natural sources discovered to have therapeutic medicinal properties against human diseases are the plants Peganum harmala and Haloxylon salicornicum. The aim of this study is to test the anticancer activity of leaf extracts of Peganum harmala and Haloxylon salicornicum on lung cancer (A549) and prostate cancer (PC3) cell lines. The anticancer activity of P. harmala and H. salicornicum was studied using the assays: crystal violet viability, lipid peroxidation, and caspase-3 techniques, which were evaluated in vitro on two human cancer cell lines. The results of the study showed that both plants’ extracts reduced the viability of both cancer cell lines, which depended on the concentration of the extract. Also, P. harmala showed more potent activity against both types of cancer than H. salicornicum. P. harmala and H. salicornicum decreased the lipid peroxidation that induces cancer as well as increased the expression of caspase-3, which causes apoptosis and cell death. This study concluded that P. harmala and H. salicornicum leaf extracts showed significant anticancer properties, which might be due to the presence of phytochemicals, including flavonoids and phenolics.

Comparison of in vivo antiseptic and in vitro antimicrobial effects of Peganum harmala L.seeds ethanolic extract with Betadine

Objective:To compare the antibacterial activity and antiseptic effect of ethanol extract of Peganum harmala L.(P.harmala)seeds and Betadine on eight reference strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae,Salmonella typhimurium,Escherichia coli,Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus,Micrococcus luteus which are known to cause different types of skin infections,and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from an abscess on horse's neck.Methods:The antibacterial activity was assessed using a disc diffusion method.The minimum inhibitory concentration was tested by serial dilution method and the percentage of bacterial growth inhibition by absorbance microplate reader device.The minimum bactericidal concentration was then recorded.Clinical outcomes were obtained through washed up healing time of longitudinal and surface skin on the back of 16 rats with concentrations of 10,50,100,150 and 500 mg/mL of P.harmala extract.Results:The results of in vitro experiments showed that the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration(0.68-1.3 mg/mL)and minimum bactericidal concentration(1.3-5 mg/mL)values were observed in the ethanol extract of P.harmala seeds.Also the results of in vivo experiment showed that wound healing in the concentration of 50 mg/mL of this plant extract was better and quicker than Betadine.Conclusions:This study confirmed that ethanol extract of P.harmala has appropriate effect on the microorganisms and the healing of skin wounds in comparison with Betadine.

Study of Peganum harmala Genetic Diversity Based on Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） Analysis

Syrian Rue （Peganum harmala L.） is grown in semi-arid conditions. Its origin is Central Asia and has several medicinal uses especially in seeds. Study of genetic diversity for this plant is important for researches in future. The electrophoresis of seed storage protein is a method to investigate SDS-PAGE and to classify plant varieties because these proteins are highly preserved. This study was conducted to determine the seed storage profiles of 20 Peganum harmala accessions that have been collected in some regions in lran. Extracted proteins were analyzed by Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） as a biochemical marker. For this purpose, the samples were first crushed and seed protein was extracted by extraction buffer then total soluble proteins were resolved on 15% SDS polyacrylamide gels. The gels showed 20 bands that were high polymorphism among the accessions. The noticeable differences for example were observed in area with 38 KDa. The result of analysis showed that the accessions were classified in three groups （13, 3 and 4 accessions in the first, second and third groups respectively）.

Corrosion Protection of Iron Alloy Using <i>Peganum harmala </i>Extract as Inhibitor in Acidic Solution

This work describes the inhibition effect of different concentration of an aqueous extracted of Peganum harmala seed on the corrosion of carbon steel in 1 M H2SO4 solution using potentiostatic polarization techniques at the temperature range (298 - 328) K. The result showed that the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing of extract inhibitor concentration and temperature. The adsorption of inhibitor on carbon steel surface was fit into Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters governing the corrosion and the adsorption process were calculated and discussed.

骆驼蓬对类风湿关节炎NLRP3、TLR4信号通路的影响

目的探究骆驼蓬外敷对类风湿关节炎大鼠NLRP3、TLR4信号通路及滑膜损伤的影响。方法24只SD雌雄各半大鼠随机分组(对照组、模型组和骆驼蓬组,n=8)。对模型组和骆驼蓬组进行胶原诱导型关节炎(CIA)构建大鼠类风湿关节炎模型(14 d免疫造模)。造模完成对骆驼蓬组大鼠进行骆驼蓬外敷[0.50 g/(kg·d)],持续治疗28 d,对照组、模型组不作处理。治疗期间定期对大鼠的关节肿胀度、关节炎指数进行追踪记录。大鼠给药28 d后处死,ELISA检测其血清及滑膜组织上清液中类风湿因子(RF)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)对滑膜组织中的NLRP3信号通路分子(caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18)和TLR4信号通路分子[Toll样受体4(TLR4)、髓样分化因子88(MyD88)、磷酸化核因子kB p65(p-NF-kB p65)、核蛋白(NF-kB p65)]及其mRNA表达水平进行检测。结果根据检测结果可知,模型组大鼠右后肢关节肿胀度(4.67±0.53)mm远大于骆驼蓬组关节肿胀度(2.78±0.38mm);模型组和骆驼蓬组关节炎指数随着试验的推进不断增加,骆驼蓬组始终低于模型组;ELISA检测发现模型组体内的RF、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α水平均比对照组和骆驼蓬组显著增高(P<0.001);Western blot检测发现:模型组NLRP3信号通路分子(caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18、IL-1βmRNA、IL-18mRNA)表达水平和TLR4信号通路分子(TLR4、MyD88、p-NF-kB p65及TLR4 mRNA)表达水平均比对照组和骆驼蓬组显著增高(P<0.001)。结论骆驼蓬外敷可以通过降低血清细胞因子水平,抑制NLRP3、TLR4信号通路,影响其蛋白及mRNA表达,缓解类风湿关节炎,降低对关节滑膜的损伤。

骆驼蓬属植物种子中去氢骆驼蓬碱和骆驼蓬碱的HPLC-荧光检测法测定

建立了HPLC-荧光检测法测定不同产地骆驼蓬、骆驼蒿、多裂骆驼蓬种子(共15个样品)中去氢骆驼蓬碱(1)和骆驼蓬碱(2)的含量。采用C18色谱柱,以乙腈-醋酸铵缓冲液(19∶81)为流动相,激发波长为250nm、发射波长为460nm。结果显示,骆驼蓬中1的含量(3.6%～5.0%)高于2(2.8%～3.5%);多裂骆驼蓬则相反,1、2的含量分别为1.6%～2.0%和2.3%～3.1%;骆驼蒿中2的含量较高(4.4%),但1含量低于检测限。

骆驼蓬总硷对小鼠网织细胞肉瘤L—Ⅱ细胞超微结构的影响

电子显微镜观察到骆驼蓬总硷(TAH)对小鼠网织细胞肉瘤L-Ⅱ细胞超微结构有明显的破坏作用,粗面内质网、线粒体、细胞膜、核膜及染色质均有损害,甚至出现细胞浆空泡化、核固缩和核溶解,表明细胞已坏死。结果提示骆驼蓬总硷主要损伤细胞生物膜结构,以粗面内质网、线粒体和细胞膜较明显。

NaCl胁迫对骆驼蓬属植物渗透调节作用的影响

研究NaCl处理对骆驼蓬属植物幼苗生物量、植株中主要无机离子和有机溶质的含量及渗透调节能力的影响。结果表明，骆驼蓬在NaCl浓度小于200mmol／L，骆驼蒿和多裂骆驼蓬小于100mmol／L时促进根系和地上部干重的增加，超过相应浓度时，幼苗生物量明显下降。3种植物根系和叶片的Na^＋和Cl^-含量随NaCl浓度升高而增加，NO3^-含量及K^＋／Na^＋比则下降，K^＋对Na^＋的选择性吸收和运输SK．Na增大，但多裂骆驼蓬叶片的离子运输SK,Na则降低，Ca2^＋、Mg2^＋含量有升有降。无机离子占总计算渗透势（COP）的68．37％～83．82％，但随NaCl浓度增大而降低；可溶性糖和氨基酸含量随NaCl浓度增大明显增加，有机酸和脯氨酸变化不明显。有机物质约占COP的16．18％～31．63％，且随NaCl浓度提高而增大。骆驼蓬、骆驼蒿和多裂骆驼蓬的渗透调节能力随NaCl浓度增加而增强，其中叶片的渗透调节能力大干根系，渗透调节能力骆驼蓬〉骆驼蒿〉多裂骆驼蓬，表明骆驼蓬比骆驼蒿和多裂骆驼蓬具有更强适应盐渍生境的能力。

NaCl胁迫对骆驼蓬幼苗液泡膜H^＋-ATPase和H^＋-PPase活性的影响

研究了不同浓度NaCl胁迫对骆驼蓬幼苗Na+、K+含量及液胞膜H+-ATP酶(H+-ATPase)和H+-焦磷酸酶(H+-PPase)活性的影响。结果表明,NaCl胁迫浓度的增加使骆驼蓬幼苗根、叶中的K+含量下降,Na+含量和Na+/K+比及K+对Na+的吸收和运输选择性增高;根、叶液胞膜H+-ATPase和H+-PPase活性升高,H+-ATP酶耦联比率无显著变化;根液胞膜依赖ATP和PPi的质子泵活性及Na+/H+逆向转运活性先升后降,叶依赖ATP的质子泵活性及Na+/H+逆向转运活性升高,依赖PPi的质子泵活性先升后降。说明液泡膜H+-ATPase和H+-PPase驱动的质子泵和Na+/H+逆向转运活性对Na+在液泡内的积累及其骆驼蓬的耐盐性起重要作用。

骆驼蓬中游离氨基酸的HPLC含量测定方法及超声提取工艺研究

目的 研究新疆骆驼蓬药材中游离氨基酸的高效液相含量测定方法,建立新疆骆驼蓬游离氨基酸的超声提取工艺。方法 采用日本岛津VP-ODS色谱柱（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）,以0.10 mol/L乙酸铵溶液（pH6.5）-乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长254nm,柱温40℃,测定新疆骆驼蓬药材地上部分游离氨基酸的含量,并进行方法学考察。以骆驼蓬游离氨基酸含量之和为考察指标,采用L9（3^4）正交试验设计优选新疆骆驼蓬游离氨基酸超声提取工艺。结果 测定的12种氨基酸分别在其线性范围内且线性关系良好,精密度、重复性、稳定性、衍生化重复性均良好,RSD均〈2.0%,12种氨基酸的平均回收率为98%-102%。结合单因素和正交试验结果,超声提取法优选的工艺条件为：80%乙醇60倍量,超声功率400 Hz条件下下超声40 min。结论建立的HPLC测定游离氨基酸含量的方法准确可靠,优选的最佳提取工艺合理、可行、稳定。

NaCl胁迫对骆驼蓬幼苗叶片多胺水平的影响

研究了NaCl胁迫对骆驼蓬幼苗叶片多胺组分、多胺氧化酶(PAO)活性及H2O2和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明,不同浓度NaCl(0、50、100、200和400 mmol/L)胁迫8 d后骆驼蓬幼苗叶片游离态多胺含量随NaCl浓度增大明显下降,高氯酸不溶性结合态多胺下降较小,高氯酸可溶性结合态多胺无显著变化;不同形态多胺中腐胺(Put)含量随NaCl浓度提高显著降低,游离态和高氯酸可溶性结合态精胺(Spm)和亚精胺(Spd)含量先升后降,200 mmol/L NaCl时出现最大值,400 mmol/L时开始下降,但仍高于对照;高氯酸不溶性结合态Spm含量无显著变化而Spd则降低;游离态和细胞壁结合态PAO活性呈先升后降变化趋势;H2O2和MDA含量不断上升。