Simulation of deuterium pellet ablation and deposition in the EAST tokamak with HPI2 code

Pellet injection is a primary method for fueling the plasma in magnetic confinement devices.For that goal the knowledges of pellet ablation and deposition profiles are critical.In the present study,the pellet fueling code HPI2 was used to predict the ablation and deposition profiles of deuterium pellets injected into a typical H-mode discharge on the EAST tokamak.Pellet ablation and deposition profiles were evaluated for various pellet injection locations,with the aim at optimizing the pellet injection to obtain a deep fueling depth.In this study,we investigate the effect of the injection angle on the deposition depth of the pellet at different velocities and sizes.The ablation and deposition of the injected pellet are mainly studied at each injection position for three different injection angles:0°,45°,and 60°.The pellet injection on the high field side(HFS)can achieve a more ideal deposition depth than on the low field side(LFS).Among these angles,horizontal injection on the middle plane is relatively better on either the HFS or the LFS.When the injection location is 0.468 m below the middle plane on the HFS or 0.40 m above the middle plane of the LFS,it can achieve a similar deposition depth to the one of its corresponding side.When the pre-cooling effect is taken into account,the deposition depth is predicted to increase only slightly when the pellet is launched from the HFS.The findings of this study will serve as a reference for the update of pellet injection systems for the EAST tokamak.

High-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite all-pellet integrated burden optimization and softening-melting behavior based on flux pellets

High-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite(HVTM)is a crucial polymetallic-associated resource to be developed.The allpellet operation is a blast furnace trend that aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the future.By referencing the production data of vanadium-titanium magnetite blast furnaces,this study explored the softening-melting behavior of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite and obtained the optimal integrated burden based on flux pellets.The results show that the burden with a composition of 70wt%flux pellets and 30wt%acid pellets exhibits the best softening-melting properties.In comparison to that of the single burden,the softening-melting characteristic temperature of this burden composition was higher.The melting interval first increased from 307 to 362℃and then decreased to 282℃.The maximum pressure drop(ΔPmax)decreased from 26.76 to 19.01 kPa.The permeability index(S)dropped from 4643.5 to 2446.8 kPa·℃.The softening-melting properties of the integrated burden were apparently improved.The acid pellets played a role in withstanding load during the softening process.The flux pellets in the integrated burden exhibited a higher slag melting point,which increased the melting temperature during the melting process.The slag homogeneity and the TiC produced by over-reduction led to the gas permeability deterioration of the single burden.The segregation of the flux and acid pellets in the HVTM proportion and basicity mainly led to the better softening-melting properties of the integrated burden.

Effect of titanium on the sticking of pellets based on hydrogen metallurgy shaft furnace:Behavior analysis and mechanism evolution

Direct reduction based on hydrogen metallurgical gas-based shaft furnace is a promising technology for the efficient and low-carbon smelting of vanadium-titanium magnetite.However,in this process,the sticking of pellets occurs due to the aggregation of metal-lic iron between the contact surfaces of adjacent pellets and has a serious negative effect on the continuous operation.This paper presents a detailed experimental study of the effect of TiO2 on the sticking behavior of pellets during direct reduction under different conditions.Results showed that the sticking index(SI)decreased linearly with the increasing TiO2 addition.This phenomenon can be attributed to the increase in unreduced FeTiO3 during reduction,leading to a decrease in the number and strength of metallic iron interconnections at the sticking interface.When the TiO2 addition amount was raised from 0 to 15wt%at 1100°C,the SI also increased from 0.71%to 59.91%.The connection of the slag phase could be attributed to the sticking at a low reduction temperature,corresponding to the low sticking strength.Moreover,the interconnection of metallic iron became the dominant factor,and the SI increased sharply with the increase in re-duction temperature.TiO2 had a greater effect on SI at a high reduction temperature than at a low reduction temperature.

Diffusion and reaction mechanism of limestone and quartz in fluxed iron ore pellet roasting process

The increase to the proportion of fluxed pellets in the blast furnace burden is a useful way to reduce the carbon emissions in the ironmaking process.In this study,the interaction between calcium carbonate and iron ore powder and the mineralization mechanism of fluxed iron ore pellet in the roasting process were investigated through diffusion couple experiments.Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to study the elements’diffusion and phase transformation during the roasting process.The results indicated that limestone decomposed into calcium oxide,and magnetite was oxidized to hematite at the early stage of preheating.With the increase in roasting temperature,the diffusion rate of Fe and Ca was obviously accelerated,while the diffusion rate of Si was relatively slow.The order of magnitude of interdiffusion coefficient of Fe_(2)O_(3)-CaO diffusion couple was 10^(−10) m^(2)·s^(−1) at a roasting temperature of 1200℃for 9 h.Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5) was the initial product in the Fe_(2)O_(3)-CaO-SiO_(2) diffusion interface,and then Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5) continued to react with Fe_(2)O_(3) to form CaFe_(2)O_(4).With the expansion of the diffusion region,the sillico-ferrite of calcium liquid phase was produced due to the melting of SiO_(2) into CaFe_(2)O_(4),which can strengthen the consolidation of fluxed pellets.Furthermore,andradite would be formed around a small part of quartz particles,which is also conducive to the consolidation of fluxed pellets.In addition,the principle diagram of limestone and quartz diffusion reaction in the process of fluxed pellet roasting was discussed.

Persicaria lanigera (Polygonaceae) leaf extract exhibits antiulcerogenic and antiproliferative activities against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis and cotton pellet-induced granuloma tissue in rats

Objective:To assess the effect of leaf extract of Persicaria lanigera on cotton pellet-induced granuloma tissue formation and acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis.Methods:Rats were randomly divided into six groups:normal control,negative control,positive control(dexamethasone or sulfasalazine)as well as Persicaria lanigera(100-600 mg/kg)-treated groups.The effects of the extracts on body weight,antioxidant,and hematological parameters,as well as mast cell proliferation,were assessed.In addition,a histological evaluation was conducted.Results:Persicaria lanigera extract significantly decreased the mean exudate amount and suppressed granuloma tissue formation in a concentration-dependent manner in rats(P<0.05).Additionally,the extract significantly increased body weight,improved hematological profile,reduced the disease activity index score and malondialdehyde level,as well as enhanced catalase and superoxide dismutase activities(P<0.05).Histological evaluation showed Persicaria lanigera extract alleviated acetic acid-induced colonic damages,as evidenced by decreased cell necrosis,edema,and inflammatory cell infiltration.Conclusions:Persicaria lanigera extract possesses antiproliferative,antioxidative,and anti-colitis activities.However,its underlying mechanisms of action need further investigation.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Growing Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] The paper was to investigate effects of pelleted total mixed ration on production performance and serum biochemical index of growing Hainan black goats.[Method] Twenty-four growing Hainan black goats with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(10.05±0.049) kg were randomly assigned into two treatments, and supplied with Juncao + concentrate(control group), pelleted total mixed ration(experimental group), respectively. The trial lasted 50 d.[Result] The final weight, daily gain and feed intake of experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group(P<0.05), but the feed/gain ratio of experimental group was markedly lower than that of control group(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the gross profit of experimental group significantly increased( P <0.05).[Conclusion] Pelleted total mixed ration led to better production performance of growing Hainan black goat.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration of Different Particle Sizes on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] The paper to investigate the effects of pelleted total mixed ration of different particle size on production performance and serum biochemical index of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(19.02±0.22) kg were randomly divided into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao+concentrate(control group), pel-leted total mixed ration I(particle size 6 mm, experimental group I) and II(particle size 5 mm, experimental group II), respectively. The trial lasted 45 d.[Result](1) The final weight and daily gain of experimental group II were significantly higher than those of control group( P<0.05), and the daily gain of experimental group II was also higher than that of experimental group I(P<0.05);the feed intake of experimental group II was markedly higher than that of control group(P<0.05), but was significantly lower than that of experimental group I(P<0.05). The feed/gain ratio of experimental group II was significantly lower than those of control group and experimental group I(P<0.05).(2) The feed gain cost of experimental group II was markedly lower than that of control group(P<0.05), but the gross profit was significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group I(P<0.05).(3) Compared with the control group, the serum total protein content of experimental group II increased markedly( P<0.05) while the urea nitrogen level decreased(P>0.05).[Conclusion] The pelleted total mixed ration with the particle size of 5 mm obtained better fattening ef-fect, and obviously improved the serum total protein level.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration with Different Concentrate-roughage Ratios on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] This paper was to study effects of pelleted total mixed ration with different concentrate-roughage ratios on production performance and serum biochemical parameters of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic background and similar initial weight of(14.08±0.13) kg were randomly assigned into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao + concentrate(control group), pelleted total mixed ration I(concentrate: roughage 50 ∶50, group Ⅰ) and Ⅱ(concentrate: roughage 45∶55, group Ⅱ), respectively. The test lasted 45 d.[Result] The final weight, daily gain and feed intake of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the final weight and daily gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were also markedly higher than those of experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the feed/gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly lower than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). The feed gain cost of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was markedly lower than that in experimental group Ⅱ( P<0.05), but was significantly higher than that in experimental group Ⅰ(P<0.05);the gross profit of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly higher than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). Compared with control group and experimental group Ⅱ, the serum total protein and glucose lev-els in experimental group Ⅱ increased significantly(P<0.05), but the urea nitrogen content reduced(P>0.05).[Conclusion] When the concentrateroughage ratio of pelleted total mixed ration was 50∶50, the fattening effect of Hainan black goat was better, and the serum total protein and glucose levels were evidently improved.

Probing deactivation by coking in catalyst pellets for dry reforming of methane using a pore network model

Dry reforming of methane(DRM) is an attractive technology for utilizing the greenhouse gases(CO_(2) and CH_(4)) to produce syngas. However, the catalyst pellets for DRM are heavily plagued by deactivation by coking, which prevents this technology from commercialization. In this work, a pore network model is developed to probe the catalyst deactivation by coking in a Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst pellet for DRM. The reaction conditions can significantly change the coking rate and then affect the catalyst deactivation. The catalyst lifetime is higher under lower temperature, pressure, and CH_(4)/CO_(2) molar ratio, but the maximum coke content in a catalyst pellet is independent of these reaction conditions. The catalyst pellet with larger pore diameter, narrower pore size distribution and higher pore connectivity is more robust against catalyst deactivation by coking, as the pores in this pellet are more difficult to be plugged or inaccessible.The maximum coke content is also higher for narrower pore size distribution and higher pore connectivity, as the number of inaccessible pores is lower. Besides, the catalyst pellet radius only slightly affects the coke content, although the diffusion limitation increases with the pellet radius. These results should serve to guide the rational design of robust DRM catalyst pellets against deactivation by coking.

Effect of a Newly Developed Pelleted Papermill Biosolids on Crop and Soil

The US is one of the leading global producers of paper industry with approximately 24 percent of the share of world paper supply. Despite diversity of the feedstock and production methods, C rich papermill biosolids (PB) is a major byproduct of paper production process. Landfilling is the predominant method of PB management. Increasing landfill cost and its potential environmental consequences have incentivized research and development efforts to find beneficial uses for PB. This sensible option reduces the overall paper production costs and increases environmental sustainability. Pelletization of PB increases its marketability by reducing transportation costs. This greenhouse study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the properties and effects of a recently developed pelletized papermill biosolids (PPB) on bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and soil. Urea and PPB were each applied at four total N rates equivalent to 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg N ha﹣1 and an additional control treatments of 0 N was included. The total C and N concentration in this PPB were 379 and 14 g·kg﹣1 respectively and its C:N ratio was 27.2. Nitrogen treatment significantly (P ≤ 0.0839) influenced pepper height, dry biomass, N concentration, and N uptake. Plant height ranged from 31.2 to 44.4 cm;135 kg·ha﹣1 urea-N and PPB-N produced the tallest and shortest plants respectively. Dry biomass of the pepper that did not receive any N, those treated with urea-N or PPB-N were 5.3, 5.7 - 7.5, and 5.9 - 6.5 g·plant﹣1 respectively. Nitrogen concentration in control treatment (0 N) was 36.4 g·kg﹣1 and that of pepper treated with any N ranged from 32.0 - 40.7 g·kg﹣1. There was an inverse numerical, albeit not always statistically significant, relationship between PPB rate and plant N concentration. Generally, pepper treated with urea removed significantly more N from soil than control or PPB treated pepper. Nitrogen uptake by plants that did not receive any N and those amended with urea or PPB were 194, 229 - 270, and 155 - 164 mg·plant﹣1 respectively. Pepper N uptake and concentration data indicate that higher rates of PPB resulted in immobilization of native soil and PPB-N due to its wide C:N ratio (27.2). Nitrogen treatment significantly influenced soil pH, SOM, total C and N (P > 0.1). Soil organic matter and total C in post-harvest soil samples were 17.4 - 19.4 and 21.9 - 35.0 g·kg﹣1 respectively. The observed increase in soil total C and SOM highlights the potential beneficial use of PPB as a means to improve soil health and sequester C in soil. Narrowing the C:N ratio of PPB, by coapplication or incorporation of the mineral N into the pellets will make it an attractive organic N fertilizer.

Effect of Ground and Pelleted Sericea Lespedeza Whole Plant and Leaf Only on Gastrointestinal Nematode and Coccidial Infection in Goats

Two 42-day feeding trials in pens were completed with young goats(Spanish,intact male,six months old,n=29 Trial 1;n=20 Trial 2)to determine the anti-parasitic bioactivity of whole plant and leaf only sericea lespedeza(SL;Lespedeza cuneata)fed as a ground meal or in pelleted form.In Trial 1,goats were fed SL leaf only pellets,SL whole plant pellets,or a commercial goat pellet as 50%of a complete ration,while in Trial 2,kids were fed either ground SL leaf meal or ground whole plant SL meal as 25%of a complete ration.Fecal samples were collected weekly for determination of gastrointestinal nematode(GIN)fecal egg counts(FEC)and coccidia fecal oocyst counts(FOC).In Trial 1,both of the pelleted SL rations reduced FEC(p<0.06)relative to the kids fed the control ration,and for FOC,there were lower values on Days 7 to 42 relative to Day 0 for goats on either pelleted SL diet,while FOC for control animals did not change over time(interaction,p<0.01).In Trial 2,both ground whole plant and leaf only SL diets reduced(p<0.05)FEC of the goats over time,but the effect was faster in the kids on the SL leaf meal ration.At 50%of the diet,SL leaf and whole plant meal pellets were equally effective against GIN egg and coccidial oocyst production in young kids,but SL leaf meal was more effective in reducing GIN egg production than whole plant SL meal when fed at 25%of the diet.

Preference, Feeding Behavior, and in Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Pelleted Feeds Containing Alkaline Aqueous Lignin By-Product from Paper Processing in Holstein Heifers

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of using multiple dietary inclusion rates of alkaline aqueous lignin by-product(AALB),in replacing a commercial binder,on the preference and feeding behavior of dairy heifers,and in vitro digestibility.In the experiment I,five pelleted diets including negative control(no-binder),commercial lignosulfonate binder,and 1.6%,3.2%,and 4.8%of AALB were tested.In the experiment II,five pelleted diets including negative control,positive control(2%molasses),and 1%,2.4%,and 3.8%of AALB(all combined with 2%of molasses)were tested.Feeding behavior and preference were determined for 60 min per animal per evaluation.In vitro digestibility was determined for each pelleted diet for 48 h over five incubation runs.Results from Experiment I showed animals receiving 1.6%of AALB diet showed the greatest preference(dry matter(DM),intake)and a greater number of approaches with eating than other diets.The preference was lower when animals received control or 4.8%AALB diets relative to other diets.Results from Experiment II revealed animals receiving 3.8%AALB combined with molasses showed the greatest DM intake preference over 60 min,and DM intake per approach.Diets that included 2.4%and 3.8%of AALB combined with molasses presented the greatest in vitro DM digestibility.Overall,heifers showed a greater intake when receiving pelleted diets with 1.6%AALB.Furthermore,preference,intake over 60 min,and in vitro DM digestibility,were greater in the pelleted diets that contained higher rates of AALB when combined with molasses.

The Logistics of Production and Supply of Ag Pellets for Industrial Applications in Canada

In this work we analyze the supply of biomass from field to an in-land or port destination. The biomass is pelletized to increase its bulk density to extend its storage period and for ease of its transport. The pellet may be used for conversion to chemicals and animal bedding or for straight combustion. We analyzed supply chain in Saskatchewan where there are plenty of crop residues but widely dispersed and harvest seasons are short. We envisioned that the farmer collects bales from field and transports the bales to farmstead during the harvest season. The bales are then processed into pellets using small scale pellet equipment. A custom operator with expertise in pelletization may engage in handling and densifying the biomass. The business case for the mobile mill will be similar to the well established custom grain and forage harvesting operations. The pellets are stored in hopper bottom grain bins at the farmstead. From this point, the handling of pellets would be similar to the handling and marketing of grain. The farmer trucks a specified volume of pellets from farmstead to the nearest elevator where the pellets are transferred to larger bins or silos. Pellets are extracted from silos and loaded onto the rail cars. The Canadian freight rail companies (mainly CN) currently transport over 3 million dry tonne (dt) of wood pellets in rail cars. The pellets are hauled to marine ports on the West Coast or East Coast for export. The cost of delivering ag pellets to biorefinery or to the shipping port is $86.09/dt. This cost does not include the equivalent value of removing biomass from the farm (e.g. fertilizer replacement) and return on investment. The GHG emissions to produce and transport ag pellets add up to 185.9 kg of CO2 per dt of biomass. The cost of producing pellets without drying feedstock is $35.05/dt and the corresponding GHG for palletization amounts $146.30/dt.

Hydrochar Pelletization towards Solid Biofuel from Biowaste Hydrothermal Carbonization

Hydrothermal carbonization is highly applicable to high moisture biomass upgrading due to the fact that moist-ure involved can be directly used as reaction media under the subcritical-water region.With this,value-added utilization of hydrochar as solid fuel with high carbon and energy density is one of the important pathways for biomass conversion.In this review,the dewatering properties of hydrochar after the hydrothermal carbonization of biowaste,coalification degree with elemental composition and evolution,pelletization of hydrochar to enhance the mechanical properties and density,coupled with the combustion properties of hydrochar biofuel were discussed with various biomass and carbonization parameters.Potential applications for the co-combustion with coal,cleaner properties and energy balance for biowaste hydrothermal carbonization were presented as well as the challenges.

Effect mechanism of aluminum occurrence and content on the induration characteristics of iron ore pellets

With the intensified depletion of high-grade iron ores,the increased aluminum content in iron ore concentrates has become unavoidable,which is detrimental to the pelletization process.Therefore,the effect mechanism of aluminum on pellet quality must be identified.In this study,the influence of aluminum occurrence and content on the induration of hematite(H)and magnetite(M)pellets was investigated through the addition of corresponding Al-containing additives,including alumina,alumogoethite,gibbsite,and kaolinite.Systematic mineralogical analysis,combined with the thermodynamic properties of different aluminum occurrences and the quantitative characterization of consolidation behaviors,were conducted to determine the related mechanism.The results showed that the alumina from various aluminum occurrences adversely affected the induration characteristics of pellets,especially at an aluminum content of more than 2.0wt%.The thermal decomposition of gibbsite and kaolinite tends to generate internal stress and fine cracks,which hinder the respective microcrystalline bonding and recrystallization between Fe2O3particles.The adverse effect on the induration characteristics of fired pellets with different aluminum occurrences can be relieved to varying degrees through the formation of liquid phase bonds between the hematite particles.Kaolinite is more beneficial to the induration process than the other three aluminum occurrences because of the formation of more liquid phase,which improves pellet consolidation.The research results can further provide insights into the effect of aluminum occurrence and content in iron ore concentrates on downstream processing and serve as a guide for the utilization of high-alumina iron ore concentrates in pelletization.

Elucidating the suppression of lithium dendrite growth with a void-reduced anti-perovskite solid-state electrolyte pellet for stable lithium metal anodes

Solid-state lithium-metal batteries,with their high theoretical energy density and safety,are highly promising as a next-generation battery contender.Among the alternatives proposed as solid-state electrolyte,lithium-rich anti-perovskite(Li RAP)materials have drawn the most interest because of high theoretical Li^(+)conductivity,low cost and easy processing.Although solid-state electrolytes are believed to have the potential to physically inhibit the lithium dendrite growth,lithium-metal batteries still suffer from the lithium dendrite growth and thereafter the short circuiting.The voids in practical Li RAP pellets are considered as the root cause.Herein,we show that reducing the voids can effectively suppress the lithium dendrite growth.The voids in the pellet resulted in an irregular Li^(+)flux distribution and a poor interfacial contact with lithium metal anode;and hence the ununiform lithium dendrites.Consequently,the lithium-metal symmetric cell with void-reduced Li_(2)OHCl-HT pellet was able to display excellent cycling performance(750 h at 0.4 m A cm^(-2))and stability at high current density(0.8 m A cm^(-2)for 120 h).This study provides not only experimental evidence for the impact of the voids in Li RAP pellets on the lithium dendrite growth,but also a rational pellet fabrication approach to suppress the lithium dendrite growth.

The Application of Electron-Beam Welding in Pellet Mold Preparation

This paper provides insight into the application of electron-beam welding in pellet mold preparation,highlighting the importance of the combination of electron-beam welding and pellet mold preparation in the fields of microstructure joining and micro-and nanostructure preparation.Precise material joining and microstructure fabrication can be achieved by the precise control of electron-beam welding and the shape adjustment of pellet molds.These applications hold significant potential in the modern industrial field,providing robust support for the development of new materials and the growth of the petrochemical industry.This paper asserts that in the future,the ongoing development of electron-beam welding and pelletizing template technology will unlock new possibilities in the field of petrochemicals,fostering progress in science and technology.

桉木屑颗粒燃料固体桥结构构建与燃烧特性研究

在成型燃料内部构建固体桥结构可有效改善其物理品质,利用不同粒径桉木屑构建了具有固体桥结构的颗粒燃料,并进一步研究了颗粒燃料的燃烧特性。提出的构建方法为同种原料不同粒径混配成型,在电子压力机上进行了粒径(0,1 mm]原料混配粒径(4 mm, 5 mm]原料的颗粒压缩成型实验,结果显示混配量5%~10%时颗粒内部长粒径粒子的交叉缠绕,可形成适量的固体桥结构,短粒径粒子填充饱满,粒子间结合紧密。较佳的混配量为5%,颗粒具有较高的松弛密度,为1 074.79 kg/m^(3),最高的Meyer强度,为23.93 MPa,最低的比能耗,为27.06 kJ/kg,平衡含水率为11.65%,吸水速率k为0.015 3 min^(-1)。在热分析仪上进行了成型颗粒燃烧实验,颗粒燃烧过程较为平稳且有所延长,在升温速率10~40℃/min的范围内,着火温度Ti在246.60~265.00℃之间,最大失重速率(dm/dτ)_(1max)在-6.84~-29.10%/min之间,综合燃烧指数S在7.26×10^(-12)~1.09×10^(-10)min^(-2)·K^(-3)之间。在X射线荧光光谱仪上分析了颗粒灰分的元素组成,预测颗粒燃烧时具有中等或较高的结渣沾污趋势。

中国废旧军服面料回收利用的研究现状及发展前景

为促进废旧军服面料的高值化回收利用,总结了国内07式军服的种类及其面料特征,系统分析了目前开纤纺纱法、再生聚酯切片法、涤棉分离技术等废旧军服面料的回收利用方法,并对废旧军服面料回收再利用的发展前景进行展望。分析表明:目前废旧军服面料的回收利用主要聚焦于简单再利用或回收涤纶组分制备高值再生聚酯切片,较少关注军服面料中其余组分的高值回收利用。针对废旧军服面料中含量相对较高的涤棉混纺面料,采用有效的涤棉分离技术高效分离涤纶和棉纤维,并以此作为原料分别制备再生聚酯切片和再生溶解浆,进一步以再生棉浆粕为原料制备再生纤维素产品将非常有前景。因而,开发高效的涤棉分离、废旧涤纶和棉纤维的高值化利用技术是实现废旧军服面料综合利用的重要发展方向。

颗粒脂肪联合纳米脂肪移植治疗重睑术后上睑凹陷的临床应用

目的:探讨颗粒脂肪联合纳米脂肪移植治疗重睑术后上睑凹陷的临床疗效。方法:选取2018年7月-2022年2月笔者科室应用颗粒脂肪联合纳米脂肪移植治疗重睑术后上睑凹陷的13例患者(20只眼)。抽取脂肪后,处理成颗粒脂肪和纳米脂肪。每只眼注射颗粒脂肪1.2~2.0 ml,纳米脂肪0.2~0.8 ml。结果:随访6~12个月,17只眼疗效良好;2只眼矫正不足,3个月后再次移植颗粒脂肪和纳米脂肪;1只眼眼尾分叉,6个月后行切开重睑修复,再次治疗后疗效均较好。结论:颗粒脂肪联合纳米脂肪移植治疗重睑术后上睑凹陷疗效好、创伤小、恢复快。