Evaluation of an Autonomous Vehicle User Interface for Sensory Impaired Users

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) hold immense promises in revolutionizing transportation, and their potential benefits extend to individuals with impairments, particularly those with vision and hearing impairments. However, the accommodation of these individuals in AVs requires developing advanced user interfaces. This paper describes an explorative study of a multimodal user interface for autonomous vehicles, specifically developed for passengers with sensory (vision and/or hearing) impairments. In a driving simulator, 32 volunteers with simulated sensory impairments, were exposed to multiple drives in an autonomous vehicle while freely interacting with standard and inclusive variants of the infotainment and navigation system interface. The two user interfaces differed in graphical layout and voice messages, which adopted inclusive design principles for the inclusive variant. Questionnaires and structured interviews were conducted to collect participants’ impressions. The data analysis reports positive user experiences, but also identifies technical challenges. Verified guidelines are provided for further development of inclusive user interface solutions.

Interface Design and Functional Optimization of Chinese Learning Apps Based on User Experience

This research paper investigates the interface design and functional optimization of Chinese learning apps through the lens of user experience.With the increasing popularity of Chinese language learning apps in the era of rapid mobile internet development,users'demands for enhanced interface design and interaction experience have grown significantly.The study aims to explore the influence of user feedback on the design and functionality of Chinese learning apps,proposing optimization strategies to improve user experience and learning outcomes.By conducting a comprehensive literature review,utilizing methods such as surveys and user interviews for data collection,and analyzing user feedback,this research identifies existing issues in the interface design and interaction experience of Chinese learning apps.The results present user opinions,feedback analysis,identified problems,improvement directions,and specific optimization strategies.The study discusses the potential impact of these optimization strategies on enhancing user experience and learning outcomes,compares findings with previous research,addresses limitations,and suggests future research directions.In conclusion,this research contributes to enriching the design theory of Chinese learning apps,offering practical optimization recommendations for developers,and supporting the continuous advancement of Chinese language learning apps.

A graphical user interface(GUI)for model-based radiation-induced acoustic computed tomography

Radiation-induced acoustic computed tomography(RACT)is an evolving biomedical imaging modality that aims to reconstruct the radiation energy deposition in tissues.Traditional backprojection(BP)reconstructions carry noisy and limited-view artifacts.Model-based algorithms have been demonstrated to overcome the drawbacks of BPs.However,model-based algorithms are relatively more complex to develop and computationally demanding.Furthermore,while a plethora of novel algorithms has been developed over the past decade,most of these algorithms are either not accessible,readily available,or hard to implement for researchers who are not well versed in programming.We developed a user-friendly MATLAB-based graphical user interface(GUI;RACT2D)that facilitates back-projection and model-based image reconstructions for twodimensional RACT problems.We included numerical and experimental X-ray-induced acoustic datasets to demonstrate the capabilities of the GUI.The developed algorithms support parallel computing for evaluating reconstructions using the cores of the computer,thus further accelerating the reconstruction speed.We also share the MATLAB-based codes for evaluating RACT reconstructions,which users with MATLAB programming expertise can further modify to suit their needs.The shared GUI and codes can be of interest to researchers across the globe and assist them in e±cient evaluation of improved RACT reconstructions.

The User Interfaces Transition Diagram-Editor: A Tool to Simplify User-System Interaction Modeling

The User Interface Transition Diagram (UITD) is a formal modeling notation that simplifies the specification and design of user-system interactions. It is a valuable communication tool for technical and non-technical stakeholders during the requirements elicitation phase, as it provides a simple yet technically complete notation that is easy to understand. In this paper, we investigated the efficiency of creating UITDs using draw.io, a widely used diagramming software, compared to a dedicated UITD editor. We conducted a study to compare the time required to use each tool to complete the task of creating a medium size UITD, as well as the subjective ease of use and satisfaction of participants with the dedicated Editor. Our results show that the UITD editor is more efficient and preferred by participants, highlighting the importance of using specialized tools for creating formal models such as UITDs. The findings of this study have implications for software developers, designers, and other stakeholders involved in the specification and design of user-system interactions.

Visualized User Interface for Decision Support System

To work efficiently with DSS, most users need assistance in representation conversion, i. e., translating the specific outcome from the DSS into the universal language of visual. In generally, it is much easier to understand the results from the DSS if they are translated into charts, maps, and other scientific displays, because visualization exploits human natural ability to recognize and understand visual pattern. In this paper we discuss the concept of visualization for DSS. AniGraftool, a software system, is introduced as an example of Visualized User Interface for DSS.

Design of User Interface for Tractor Cab Real-time Information Management System

In this paper,the user interface of tractor cab real-time information management system was designed. Based on the principle of "user friendly",it reasonably arranged spatial position of information management system according to spatial distribution of tractor cab. Then,it analyzed operation habits and thinking ways of drivers,and formulated design principle meeting demands of drivers. Besides,it used LabView software to design user interface,including interface layout and interface design. User interface includes basic information interface,job information interface,camera monitoring interface,and fault diagnosis interface. Finally,it made evaluation of the user interface from color,indicator lamp,dial,and pointer. Results indicate that the designed user interface layout conforms to cognition mentality and operation habits and easy to get familiar and grasp; graphical interface is vivid and easy to stimulate pleasure of drivers in operation; interface color matching is coordinated; the layout of controls is hierarchical and logic,and operating mode is consistent with Windows system.

Some computer graphical user interfaces in radiation therapy

In this review, five graphical user interfaces(GUIs) used in radiation therapy practices and researches are introduced. They are:(1) the treatment time calculator, superficialx-ray treatment time calculator(SUPCALC) used in the superficial X-ray radiation therapy;(2) the monitor unit calculator, electron monitor unit calculator(EMUC) used in the electron radiation therapy;(3) the multileaf collimator machine file creator, sliding window intensity modulated radiotherapy(SWIMRT) used in generating fluence map for research and quality assurance in intensity modulated radiation therapy;(4) the treatment planning system, DOSCTP used in the calculation of 3D dose distribution using Monte Carlo simulation; and(5) the monitor unit calculator, photon beam monitor unit calculator(PMUC) used in photon beam radiation therapy. One common issue of these GUIs is that all user-friendly interfaces are linked to complex formulas and algorithms based on various theories, which do not have to be understood and noted by the user. In that case, user only needs to input the required information with help from graphical elements in order to produce desired results. SUPCALC is a superficial radiation treatment time calculator using the GUI technique to provide a convenient way for radiation therapist to calculate the treatment time, and keep a record for the skin cancer patient. EMUC is an electron monitor unit calculator for electron radiation therapy. Instead of doing hand calculation according to pre-determined dosimetric tables, clinical user needs only to input the required drawing of electron field in computer graphical file format, prescription dose, and beam parameters to EMUC to calculate the required monitor unit for the electron beam treatment. EMUC is based on a semi-experimental theory of sector-integration algorithm. SWIMRT is a multileaf collimator machine file creator to generate a fluence map produced by a medical linear accelerator. This machine file controls the multileaf collimator to deliver intensity modulated beams for a specific fluence map used in quality assurance or research. DOSCTP is a treatment planning system using the computed tomography images. Radiation beams(photon or electron) with different energies and field sizes produced by a linear accelerator can be placed in different positions to irradiate the tumour in the patient. DOSCTP is linked to a Monte Carlo simulation engine using the EGSnrc-based code, so that 3D dose distribution canbe determined accurately for radiation therapy. Moreover, DOSCTP can be used for treatment planning of patient or small animal. PMUC is a GUI for calculation of the monitor unit based on the prescription dose of patient in photon beam radiation therapy. The calculation is based on dose corrections in changes of photon beam energy, treatment depth, field size, jaw position, beam axis, treatment distance and beam modifiers. All GUIs mentioned in this review were written either by the Microsoft Visual Basic.net or a MATLAB GUI development tool called GUIDE. In addition, all GUIs were verified and tested using measurements to ensure their accuracies were up to clinical acceptable levels for implementations.

Designing interactive glazing through an engineering psychology approach:Six augmented reality scenarios that envision future car human-machine interface

Background With an increasing number of vehicles becoming autonomous,intelligent,and connected,paying attention to the future usage of car human-machine interface with these vehicles should become more relevant.Several studies have addressed car HMI but were less attentive to designing and implementing interactive glazing for every day(autonomous)driving contexts.Methods Reflecting on the literature,we describe an engineering psychology practice and the design of six novel future user scenarios,which envision the application of a specific set of augmented reality(AR)support user interactions.Additionally,we conduct evaluations on specific scenarios and experiential prototypes,which reveal that these AR scenarios aid the target user groups in experiencing a new type of interaction.The overall evaluation is positive with valuable assessment results and suggestions.Conclusions This study can interest applied psychology educators who aspire to teach how AR can be operationalized in a human-centered design process to students with minimal pre-existing expertise or minimal scientific knowledge in engineering psychology.

User Interface for People with Autism Spectrum Disorders

This paper describes the requirements for building accessible user interface for users with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and presents the user interface (UI) of Open Book, a reading assistive tool for people with ASD. The requirements are extracted from both existing research on improving reading comprehension for people with ASD, and from the feedback of users and clinical professionals. The findings are applied in practice to create the user interface of Open Book tool. Key screens of the user interface are presented. It is implied that the features of the UI for people with ASD can be successfully applied to improving overall accessibility of any graphical user interface.

A natural language user interface for fuzzy scope queries

This paper presents a two-agent framework to build a natural langua g e query interface for IC information system, focusing more on scope queries in a single English sentence. The first agent, parsing agent, syntactically p rocesses and semantically interprets natural language sentence to construct a fu zzy structured query language (SQL) statement. The second agent, defuzzif ying agent, defuzzifies the imprecise part of the fuzzy SQL statement into its e quivalent executable precise SQL statement based on fuzzy rules. The first agent can also actively ask the user some necessary questions when it manages to disa mbiguate the vague retrieval requirements. The adaptive defuzzification approach employed in the defuzzifying agent is discussed in detail. A prototype interface has been implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness.

A Gesture Controlled User Interface for Inclusive Design and Evaluative Study of Its Usability

To meet the challenges of ubiquitous computing, ambient technologies and an increasingly older population, researchers have been trying to break away from traditional modes of interaction. A history of studies over the past 30 years reported in this paper suggests that Gesture Controlled User Interfaces (GCUI) now provide realistic and affordable opportunities, which may be appropriate for older and disabled people. We have developed a GCUI prototype application, called Open Gesture, to help users carry out everyday activities such as making phone calls, controlling their television and performing mathematical calculations. Open Gesture uses simple hand gestures to perform a diverse range of tasks via a television interface. This paper describes Open Gesture and reports its usability evaluation. We conclude that this inclusive technology offers some potential to improve the independence and quality of life of older and disabled users along with general users, although there remain significant challenges to be overcome.

Context-Based Mobile User Interface

Context awareness is increasingly gaining applicability in interactive ubiquitous mobile computing systems. Each context-aware application has its own set of behaviors to react to context modifications. Hence, every software engineer needs to clearly understand the goal of the development and to categorize the context in the application. We incorporate context-based modifications into the appearance or the behavior of the interface, either at the design time or at the run time. In this paper, we present application behavior adaption to the context modification via a context-based user interface in a mobile application. We are interested in a context-based user interface in a mobile device that is automatically adapted based on the context information. We use the adaption tree, named in our methodology, to represent the adaption of mobile device user interface to various context information. The context includes the user’s domain information and dynamic environment changes. Each path in the adaption tree, from the root to the leaf, presents an adaption rule. An e-commerce application is chosen to illustrate our approach. This mobile application was developed based on the adaption tree in the Android platform. The automatic adaption to the context information has enhanced human-computer interactions.

Information visualization,physicality and intuitive use for tangible user interfaces

In the last two decades, tangible user interfaces （TUIs） have emerged as a new interface type that interlinks the digital and physical worlds. TUIs show a potential to enhance the way in which people interact with digital information. First, this paper exam- ines the existing body of work on tangible user interfaces and discusses their application domains, especially information visualiza- tion. Then it provides a definition of intuitive use and reviews formerly separated ideas on physicality. As interaction has an impact on the overall product experience, we also discuss whether intuitive use influences the users＇ aesthetic judgements of such products.

On-Line Privacy Behavior: Using User Interfaces for Salient Factors

The problem of privacy in social networks is well documented within literature;users have pri- vacy concerns however, they consistently disclose their sensitive information and leave it open to unintended third parties. While numerous causes of poor behaviour have been suggested by re- search the role of the User Interface (UI) and the system itself is underexplored. The field of Per- suasive Technology would suggest that Social Network Systems persuade users to deviate from their normal or habitual behaviour. This paper makes the case that the UI can be used as the basis for user empowerment by informing them of their privacy at the point of interaction and remind- ing them of their privacy needs. The Theory of Planned Behaviour is introduced as a potential theoretical foundation for exploring the psychology behind privacy behaviour as it describes the salient factors that influence intention and action. Based on these factors of personal attitude, subjective norms and perceived control, a series of UIs are presented and implemented in con- trolled experiments examining their effect on personal information disclosure. This is combined with observations and interviews with the participants. Results from this initial, pilot experiment suggest groups with privacy salient information embedded exhibit less disclosure than the control group. This work reviews this approach as a method for exploring privacy behaviour and propos- es further work required.

The Influence of a User-Centred Design Focus on the Effectiveness of a User Interface for an Agricultural Machine

As agricultural machines become more complex, it is increasingly critical that special attention be directed to the design of the user interface to ensure that the operator will have an adequate understanding of the status of the machine at all times. A user-centred design focus was employed to develop two conceptual designs (UCD1 & UCD2) for a user interface for an agricultural air seeder. The two concepts were compared against an existing user interface (baseline condition) using the metrics of situation awareness (Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique), mental workload (Integrated Workload Scale), reaction time, and subjective feedback. There were no statistically significant differences among the three user interfaces based on the metric of situation awareness;however, UCD2 was deemed to be significantly better than either UCD1 or the baseline interface on the basis of mental workload, reaction time and subjective feedback. The research has demonstrated that a user-centred design focus will generate a better user interface for an agricultural machine.

Framework of User Participation for the Interface Design in the SaaS Layer

The development of software as a service represents a great advantage for the users of cloud computing, such as users of small, medium or large organizations. All these users possess different characteristics, which must be taken into account as reference for the interface development of a software product. This paper considers the element of a user experience model, with the purpose of getting to know the different features that must be taken into account during the development of software as a service. This also involves the participation of different types of users of the SaaS layer model together with the users’ interaction skills level. This paper offers a framework of the involvement actors in the design of a software interface as a service, with the objective of identifying their participation outside and within the organization. The purpose is to create an interface centered on the user, involving clients and experts to work collaboratively;and get usable software as a service application.

Design and Evaluation of a User Interface for an Autonomous Agricultural Sprayer

This paper describes the design and evaluation of a user interface for a remotely supervised autonomous agricultural sprayer. The interface was designed to help the remote supervisor to instruct the autonomous sprayer to commence operation, monitor the status of the sprayer and its operation in the field, and intervene when needed (i.e., to stop or shut down). Design principles and guidelines were carefully selected to help develop a human-centered automation interface. Evaluation of the interface using a combination of heuristic, cognitive walkthrough, and user testing techniques revealed several strengths of the design as well as areas that needed further improvement. Overall, this paper provides guidelines that will assist other researchers to develop an ergonomic user interface for a fully autonomous agricultural machine.

A Mapping Method of Using the Compound Use Cases to Generate User Interface

To support the requirement analysis of the user interfaces and the auto generation of the final user interfaces, we should improve the traditional modeling method which centered on the system and the implementation, and turn to use the modeling method which centered on the usage and the user. The compound use cases describe the system function from the user point of view. Based on the compound use cases, we can generate the final user interfaces.

Generating Graphic User Interface of Web Applications Using Source Code Generator Based on Dynamic Frames

This paper deals with a problem of application generation together with their Graphic User Interface （GUI）. Particularly, the source code generator based on dynamic frames was improved for more effective specification of GUI. It＇s too demanding for the developers to have specification of the application that contain all physical coordinates and other details of buttons and other GUI elements. The developed solution for this problem is based on post-processing of generated source code using iterators for specifying coordinates and other values of graphic elements. The paper includes two examples of generating web applications and their GUI.

User Interface Development Based on Ontologies

The user interface is a central component of any mo de rn application program. It determines how well end users accept, learn, and effi ciently work with the application program. The user interface is very difficult to design, to implement, to modify. It takes approximately 70% of the time requ ired for designing an application program. All the existing tools for user interface design can be divided into two basic c ategories-Interface Builders and Model-based Interface development tools, whic h trace their roots from user interface management systems. Interface Builders a re the most widespread and excellent to create layouts and manipulate widgets. H owever, Interface Builders have the follow demerits. An interface designed using Interface Builders can contain hundreds of procedures. Interface Builders give us no possibility to develop different pieces of the same interface separately. They do not help us in managing user tasks and can be used only by programmers. Model-based interface development tools have attracted a high degree of interes t in last few years. The basic premise of model based technology is that the interface development can be fully supported by declarative models of all user interface characteristics such as their presen tation, dialogue, domain of application etc, and then the user interface develop ment can be centered around such models. The high potential of this technology has not been realized yet. This fact has the following reasons. The known interface models are partial representations of interfaces. They cannot be readily modified by developers, and are not publicly available to the HCI community. The central ingredient for success in model-ba sed systems is a declarative, complete, versatile interface model that can expre ss a wide variety of interface designs. Therefore tool developers have to avoid the following disadvantages of current interface models: inflexibility, system- dependence, and incompleteness. The main idea to achieve these model character istics mention above is to use ontologies. This broadened interest in ontologies is based on the fact that they provide ma chine-understandable representation of semantics for information, and a shared and common understanding of a domain that can be communicated between people and across application systems. Support in data, information, and knowledge exchang e becomes the key issue in current computer technology. At the moment we are on the brink of the second Web generation called Semantic Web or Knowledgeable Web. Given the increasing amount of information available on-line, this kind of sup port is becoming more important day by day. The main idea of the proposed approach is to replace interface models by appropr iate ontologies. Some parts of these ontologies will be available from the Inter net; the other parts will be built by developers. As a result of the Semantic We b development we will have increasing the number of ontologies formally describe d in the Internet. The terminology and content of these ontologies will be inter nationally standardized. Reusing these ontologies will bring down the cost of de velopment and improve the quality of user interface. The parts of a user interface model are-a domain ontology model, a dialog ontol ogy model, presentation ontology model, "business- logic" variable ontology mod el and correspondences between these parts. Thus, the user interface development based on ontologies is an evolution of th e model-based approach, where appropriate ontologies are used instead of models .