Effect of projectile parameters on opening behavior of PELE penetrating RC target

When a penetrator with enhanced lateral effect(PELE) impacts on a reinforced concrete(RC) target,the target is damaged with a large opening.An understanding of how PELE projectile parameters affect the opening dimension,is essential for effective design of the PELE projectile.In this study,under the condition that the impact velocity and target parameters(strength and thickness) were fixed values,the important influence factors of the PELE(jacket wall thickness B,jacket material strength Y1,filling material strength Y2 and angle of monolithic jacket θ) were determined by a dimensional analysis.Tests and simulations of the PELE penetrating the RC target were conducted to analyze the influence of these factors on opening diameter(D,an equivalent diameter under relative kinetic energy).Based on the test and simulation results,it is found that the influence of these factors B,Y1 and θ on the deformation mode of the jacket shows a similar trend:as values of the three factors decrease,the jacket deforms from small bending deformation to large one,and then to curling deformation.This causes the opening diameter to first increase with the decrease of these three factors,and then decreases.It is well known that the bending resistance of the jacket is related to these factors B,Y1 and θ.Therefore,a plastic limit bending moment(M0) of the jacket was quoted to characterize the influence of these factors on the bending deformation of the jacket and the opening diameter of the target.The influence factor Y2 causes D to first increase with the increase of Y2,and then decreases.A formula was developed to predict the opening diameter,whose influence parameters were considered in a dimensionless way.It has been shown that the dimensionless opening diameter D/d1 is dependent on two dimensionless parameters■ and■,where d1 and fc are the outer diameter of the projectile and the compressive strength of the target,respectively.

Nanomedicine-based treatment:An emerging therapeutical strategy for pulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension(PH)can cause breathing difficulty,a rapid decline of exercise capacity,heart failure,eventually death of the patients.The latest epidemiological study demonstrates that PH has a much higher incidence than previously thought.PH is still a highly fatal disease due to the many disadvantages of the current drugs,such as short half-life,lack of targeting,potent side effects.The PH pathological features offer great opportunities for nanomedicines for PH.Recently,emerging nanomedicines demonstrated great advantages in the therapeutic effect of PH by enhancing the accumulation of drugs in PH lesion,optimizing drug efficacy,minimizing drug side effects.However,this promising field of cross-cutting research is far from being widely explored due to the huge professional barriers.To solve this problem,we provide a comprehensive review for the latest progresses of nanomedicines in the treatment of PH.Firstly,we systematical summarized the PH pathological features and the current clinical drug treatment of PH.The advantages of nanomedicines are also deeply discussed in the treatment of PH.Subsequently,we focused on the research progresses of nanomedicines in PH through three aspects:advanced nano-drug delivery system for traditional drugs and new target drugs,gene therapy-based nanomedicines,other nanomedicines for the treatment of PH.Finally,we also discussed the prospects and challenges for the clinical application of nanomedicines in PH,provided directions for the research and development of nanomedicines for PH treatment in the future.