Objective To investigate the nasal carriage of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci in children of < 5 years old in the following four cities, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xi' an.Methods A total of 647 pneumoco...Objective To investigate the nasal carriage of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci in children of < 5 years old in the following four cities, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xi' an.Methods A total of 647 pneumococci strains were isolated and detected. Minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics were determined by E-test. Disk diffusion test was used for the measurement of antimicrobial susceptibility.Results Prevalence of penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in the four cities was 41%, with Guangzhou (60.8%) ranking first, followed by Xi' an (45%), Shanghai (37%) and Beijing (25. 9%). The majority of penicillin non-susceptibility isolates (23. 9% -53. 8%) had a low level of resistance (MIC 0. 64 -1. 5 μg/ml). The most sensitive antimicrobials in terms of percentage of susceptible organisms were amoxicillin-clavulanic acid ( 99.4%), followed by ceftriaxone (92. 1 %); cefurxime and cefaclor were slightly more sensitive than penicillin with susceptibility of 74. 8% and 77. 9%. Erythromycin, tetracycline and TMP-SMZ were highly resistant (83. 6% , 82. 1% and 76.2% respectively) . Among erythromycin resistant isolates, 100% were resistant to azithromycin, 98.6% to clarithromycin, 97.2% to roxithromycin and spiramycin, and 96.6% to clindamycin. 97.2% (141/145) were typical of the macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramons B (MLSB ) resistance phenotype, and 2. 8% (4/145) were M phenotype. The group of PRSP was with significantly higher rates of non-susceptibility for ceftriaxone (18. 4%), cefurxime (58. 6%), cefaclor (53. 4%), compared with the group of PEN-S (0. 5% , 1.8% and 0. 2% , respectively) and the rate of multi-drug resistance in the isolates of PRSP group (92. 9%) was significantly higher than that of PEN-S group (59.2%).Conclusion The rates of penicillin and multi-drug resistance among isolates of pneumococci carried nasally in are high children and the high prevalence of multi-drug resistance in the Chinese population may be becoming one of the most serious problems in this century.展开更多
基金This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30007093).
文摘Objective To investigate the nasal carriage of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci in children of < 5 years old in the following four cities, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xi' an.Methods A total of 647 pneumococci strains were isolated and detected. Minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics were determined by E-test. Disk diffusion test was used for the measurement of antimicrobial susceptibility.Results Prevalence of penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in the four cities was 41%, with Guangzhou (60.8%) ranking first, followed by Xi' an (45%), Shanghai (37%) and Beijing (25. 9%). The majority of penicillin non-susceptibility isolates (23. 9% -53. 8%) had a low level of resistance (MIC 0. 64 -1. 5 μg/ml). The most sensitive antimicrobials in terms of percentage of susceptible organisms were amoxicillin-clavulanic acid ( 99.4%), followed by ceftriaxone (92. 1 %); cefurxime and cefaclor were slightly more sensitive than penicillin with susceptibility of 74. 8% and 77. 9%. Erythromycin, tetracycline and TMP-SMZ were highly resistant (83. 6% , 82. 1% and 76.2% respectively) . Among erythromycin resistant isolates, 100% were resistant to azithromycin, 98.6% to clarithromycin, 97.2% to roxithromycin and spiramycin, and 96.6% to clindamycin. 97.2% (141/145) were typical of the macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramons B (MLSB ) resistance phenotype, and 2. 8% (4/145) were M phenotype. The group of PRSP was with significantly higher rates of non-susceptibility for ceftriaxone (18. 4%), cefurxime (58. 6%), cefaclor (53. 4%), compared with the group of PEN-S (0. 5% , 1.8% and 0. 2% , respectively) and the rate of multi-drug resistance in the isolates of PRSP group (92. 9%) was significantly higher than that of PEN-S group (59.2%).Conclusion The rates of penicillin and multi-drug resistance among isolates of pneumococci carried nasally in are high children and the high prevalence of multi-drug resistance in the Chinese population may be becoming one of the most serious problems in this century.
