Solubilization of aluminum phosphate by specific Penicillium spp.

The solubilization of hardly soluble aluminum phosphate （AlPO4） by specific Penicillium spp. isolated from wheat rhizospheric soils was investigated in Pikovskaya agar and liquid medium, respectively. Most of the Penicillium isolates except P. sirnplicissimum AP 11 and P. variabile AP 15 developed clear transparent zone around the colony margin in plate assays. Results of broth assays show that the Penicillium isolates can efficiently solubilize aluminum phosphate in Pikovskaya liquid medium, and vary in their capabilities to release soluble phosphate from aluminum phosphate. All the isolates exhibit different abilities to lower the pH and increase the titratable acidity in the broth compared to the control. HPLC analysis shows that most of the isolates except the species of P. aurantiogriseum can excrete different concentrations of organic acids, including gluconic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and tartaric acids, in the broth. The release of soluble phosphate by the isolate P. oxalicum AP2, which is the best solubilizer of aluminum phosphate among the isolates, is accompanied by a significant drop of pH and an obvious rise of titratable acidity during 7 d of aluminum phosphate-solubilizing experiments. The effects of temperature, initial pH, concentration of aluminum phosphate and shaking speed on aluminum phosphate solubilization by P. oxalicum AP2 were also investigated, and the maximum contents of soluble phosphate released are recorded at temperature 30 ℃, initial pH 6, aluminum phosphate concentration 20 g/L, and shaking speed 160 r/min.

Effects of Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp.on Pleurotus ostreatus Growth and Screening of Effective Disinfectants

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. on the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus （oyster mushroom） and to screen effective disinfectants to control them and other pathogenic microbes. [Method] Six strains or species of Penicilliurn and Trichoderma were inocu- lated into PDA plates growing with P. ostreatus to observe the growth of their mycelia. And the inhibitory effects of hydrogen peroxide, bromogeramine bromide, 84 disinfectant, lysol, potassium permanganate, and 75% medical alcohol on Trichoderma pleuroticola, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium thomii and Penicillium brevicompactum were detected. [Result] Confrontation test revealed that Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. competed for nutrients with P. ostreatus mycelia, antagonized against the growth of P. ostreatus mycelia, invaded and twined around P. ostreatus mycelia, and also produced toxins poisoning P. ostreatus mycelia. The six disinfectants exhibited different inhibitory effects against different species of Penicillium and Trichoderma. Among them the in- hibitory effects of bromogeramine bromide against the six species of Penicillium and Trichoderma were significantly different. However, the inhibitory effects of 3% hydrogen peroxide, 84 disinfectant, 5% lysol, potassium permanganate and 75% medical alcohol were significantly different among Penicillium spp., but did not among Tri- choderma spp. [Conclusion] Bromogeramine bromide can be used to control the bacteria and fungi in mushroom production for it has significant inhibitory effects on the six species of both Penicillium and Trichoderma.

基于改进YOLOv3-SPP算法的道路车辆检测

针对在城市道路场景下视觉检测车辆时,车辆密集和远处车辆呈现小尺度,导致出现检测精度低或者漏检的问题,提出了一种基于改进的YOLOv3-SPP算法,对激活函数进行优化,以DIOU-NMS Loss作为边界框损失函数,增强网络的表达能力。为提高所提算法对小目标和遮挡目标的特征提取能力,引入空洞卷积模块,增大目标的感受野。实验结果表明,所提算法在检测车辆目标时m AP提高了1.79%,也有效减少了在检测紧密车辆目标时出现的漏检现象。

FOSB、SPP1基因表达对经肝动脉介入化疗栓塞术治疗的中晚期肝癌生存期预测价值

目的探讨骨肉瘤原癌基凶同源物B(FOSB)、分泌性磷蛋白1(SPP 1)基因表达对经肝动脉介入化疗栓塞术治疗的中晚期肝癌患者术后生存期的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2016年1月—2017年10月在西安医学院第一附属医院进行诊治的中晚期肝癌患者115例作为研究对象,根据FOSB、SPP 1基因表达水平分为FOSB高表达组(n=52)、FOSB低表达组(n=63)及SPP 1高表达组(n=89)、SPP 1低表达组(n=26)。同时选取115例健康体检者为健康对照组。分析FOSB、SPP 1表达与中晚期肝癌患者临床病理特征的关系。对纳入研究的患者进行为期60个月的随访,Logistics风险回归模型分析影响患者生存期的危险因素。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析FOSB、SPP 1表达水平与患者生存预后的关系。结果肝癌患者外周血单个核细胞中FOSB mRNA表达水平明显低于健康对照组,SPP 1 mRNA表达水平明显高于健康对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。FOSB、SPP 1表达在中晚期肝癌患者肿瘤大小、Child-Pugh分级、淋巴转移、BCLC分期方面比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,存活组和死亡组在肿瘤大小、Child-Pugh分级、淋巴转移、BCLC分期、FOSB、SPP 1表达方面比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肿瘤大小、Child-Pugh分级、淋巴转移、BCLC分期、FOSB低表达、SPP 1高表达均为中晚期肝癌患者生存期的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。随访时间60个月,患者生存率为17.39%(20/115),FOSB高表达组中位生存时间为39.7个月,明显高于FOSB低表达组的19.3个月(P<0.05);SPP 1低表达组中位生存时间为40个月,明显高于SPP 1高表达组的18个月(P<0.05)。结论FOSB在中晚期肝癌患者中表达明显下调,SPP 1表达上调,其对预测中晚期肝癌患者肝动脉介入化疗栓塞术治疗生存期具有一定的价值。FOSB、SPP 1有望成为评估介入术治疗患者预后的潜在指标,可协同肿瘤大小、Child-Pugh分级、淋巴转移、BCLC分期等临床指标预测或评估肝癌患者术后生存情况。

滇重楼内生真菌Penicillium chrysogenum次生代谢产物研究

运用多种色谱分离方法对滇重楼内生真菌Penicillium chrysogenum YNCA1212次生代谢产物进行化学成分研究,共分离鉴定了9个化合物,分别为:macrophorin A(1)、macrophorin D(2)、peniginsengin A(3)、dihydrodemethylsorbicillin(4)、2′,3′-dihydrosorbicillin(5)、(2E,4E)-1-(2,6-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)hexa-2,4-dien-1-one(6)、(S)-penipratynolene(7)、3,5-dihydroxytoluene(8)、N-(2-hydroxypropanoyl)-2-aminobenzoic acid amide(9),化合物6对金黄色葡萄球菌具有弱的抑菌活性(IC 50=136.7μg/mL).

1株海洋真菌Penicillium sp.的次级代谢产物及抗细菌活性研究

目的研究1株海洋真菌Penicillium sp.LW23的次级代谢产物及其抗细菌活性。方法采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析及半制备高效液相色谱等方法,对该菌株发酵产物进行分离纯化;通过核磁共振波谱(NMR)和质谱(MS)等方法并比对相关文献,鉴定化合物结构;采用微量肉汤稀释法评价其体外抗菌活性。结果从菌株发酵的乙酸乙酯粗提物中分离鉴定了6个化合物,分别为methyl penicyrone(1)、penicyrone(2)、verrucosidin(3)、deoxyverrucosidin(4)、peniquinone A(5)和penipratynolene(6)。结论海洋真菌Penicilliumsp.LW23能产生具有抗细菌活性的化合物。化合物3和4对幽门螺杆菌Helicobacter pylori G27和三重耐药菌H.pylori BHKS159具有中等抑菌活性;化合物5对野油菜黄单孢菌、青枯雷尔菌、枯草芽胞杆菌和耻垢分枝杆菌均具有一定程度的抑菌活性。

New Antibacterial Dihydropyrones Induced by Co-Culture of Penicillium crustosum PRB-2 and Penicillium citrinum HDN11-186

Two new dihydropyrones,rhytismatones C(1)and D(2),and a known compound,penicillenol A1(3),were isolated from the co-culture broth of the deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium crustosum PRB-2 and Suaeda salsa-derived endophytic fungus Peni-cillium citrinum HDN11-186.Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectra and mass spectra.The absolute configurations of new compounds were determined by calculating the electronic circular di-chroism(ECD)spectrum.UPLC-MS data showed that compounds 1–3 could only be detected in the media of co-culture,suggesting new biosynthetic pathways were activated in the co-cultured fungi.Compound 1 showed obvious antibacterial activities against Pro-teus sp.MMBC-1002 and Bacillus subtilis MMBC-1004 with minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)both at 25μmolL^(-1).

Genetic Diversity of Jute Mallow (Corchorus spp.) Accessions Based on ISSR Markers

Jute mallow is a nutritious leafy vegetable. The leaves are rich in proteins, vitamins and essential amino acids. Molecular characterization of Jute mallow with focus on improvement of leaf yield is scarcely reported. In the present study, inter sequence simple repeats (ISSR) molecular markers were employed to assess genetic diversity and relationships of 83 accessions of Jute mallow from different parts of Africa and Asia conserved at the World Vegetable Center East and Southern Africa. A total of 89 bands were amplified by 8 ISSR primers. Number of polymorphic bands per primer ranged from 2 to 6 with an average of 2.75 bands per primer. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.390 to 0.760 with average of 0.53. Average Nei’s gene diversity (h) and Shannon’s information index (I) were 0.335 and 0.494 respectively. The highest pairwise genetic distance was 0.431 observed in a population from East Africa accessions. PC1 and PC2 axis explained 21.69% and 11.66% of the total variation respectively. UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the accessions into six main clusters at genetic similarity coefficient of 0.53 as standard value for classification. These results have important implications for jute mallow breeding and conservation.

Comparative proteomics reveals the response and adaptation mechanisms of white Hypsizygus marmoreus against the biological stress caused by Penicillium

White Hypsizygus marmoreus is a popular edible mushroom.Its mycelium is easy to be contaminated by Penicillium,which leads to a decrease in its quality and yield.Penicillium could compete for limited space and nutrients through rapid growth and produce a variety of harmful gases,such as benzene,aldehydes,phenols,etc.,to inhibit the growth of H.marmoreus mycelium.A series of changes occurred in H.marmoreus proteome after contamination when detected by the label-free tandem mass spectrometry(MS/MS)technique.Some proteins with up-regulated expression worked together to participate in some processes,such as the non-toxic transformation of harmful gases,glutathione metabolism,histone modification,nucleotide excision repair,clearing misfolded proteins,and synthesizing glutamine,which were mainly used in response to biological stress.The proteins with down-regulated expression are mainly related to the processes of ribosome function,protein processing,spliceosome,carbon metabolism,glycolysis,and gluconeogenesis.The reduction in the function of these proteins affected the production of the cell components,which might be an adjustment to adapt to growth retardation.This study further enhanced the understanding of the biological stress response and the growth restriction adaptation mechanisms in edible fungi.It also provided a theoretical basis for protein function exploration and edible mushroom food safety research.

Effect of dissolved organic nitrogen on the bloom of Prorocentrum donghaiense and Karenia spp. in the East China Sea coastal waters

Understan ding the mechanism of harmful algal bloom formation is vital for effectively preventing algal bloom outbreaks in coastal environments.Karenia spp.blooms in the East China Sea show a significant correlation with nutrient regimes.However,the impact of key components of nutrients,especially dissolved organic nitrogen(DON),on the blooms of Karenia spp.is not clear.Quantitative research is still lacking.In this study,the cruise observations,field mesocosm-flask culture experiments,and a multinitrogen-tri-phytoplankton-detritus model(NTPD) are combined to reveal the quantitative influence of nutrient regimes on the shift of Prorocentrum donghaiense and Karenia spp.in the East China Sea.It has a synchronism rhythm of diatom-P.donghaienseKarenia spp.-diatom loop in the field culture experiment,which is consistent with the results of the cruise observation.The results showed that the processes of terrigenous DON(TeDON) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN:NO_(3)^(-)-N,NH_(4)^(+)-N) absorption promoted P.donghaiense to become the dominant algae in the community;whereas the processes of DON from P.donghaiense absorption promoted Karenia spp.to become the dominant algae in ambient DIN exhaustion.In addition,the three-dimensional fluorescence components of humus C,tyrosine and fulvic acid can indicate the processes of growth and extinction of P.donghaiense and Karenia spp.,respectively.This study infers that P.donghaiense and Karenia spp.regime shift mechanism associated with the nutrient regime in coastal waters,which provides a scientific basis for the environmental management of coastal eco system health.

Strawberry (Fragaria spp.): Cultivation, Production, Consumption, and Marketing in Cameroon

Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) is one of the most important fruits classified as exotic fruits imported into Cameroon. To have an inventory of its cultivation in Cameroon, a survey study was carried out among eight farms of Fragaria spp. from January 2021 to February 2022. The plant was introduced in Cameroon in 2018. There are 13 varieties of Fragaria spp. currently cultivated. Among these 13 varieties, eleven are hybrids of Fragaria x ananassa (“Amiga”, “Amine”, “Camarosa”, “Chandler”, “Charlotte”, “Elsanta”, “Gariguette”, “Madame Moutot”, “Ostara”, “Ruby gem” and “San Andreas”), and two of the hybrids of Fragaria vesca (“Maestro” and “Mara des bois”). The cropping system, irrigation system, and type of fertilizers applied differ from one strawberry farm to another. Biofertilizers (such as mycorrhizal), inorganic and organic fertilizers are actually used to improve production. The potential annual production of strawberries from January 2021 to February 2022, estimated based on the survey data, was 21.216 tons for all growers. Among these eight production farms, the Lolodorf BIO Farm presents 6000 kg (six tons) of strawberries and 100,000 stolons (seedlings) produced, from seven varieties of Fragaria spp. cultivated, with 6 varieties which are hybrids variety Fragaria x ananassa (“Amiga”, “Amine”, “Chandler”, “Gariguette”, “Madame Moutot”, and “Ruby gem”), and one which is a hybrid of Fragaria vesca (“Mara des bois”). Certain diseases were also observed and recorded depending on the growing areas.

Botulinum toxin type A-targeted SPP1 contributes to neuropathic pain by the activation of microglia pyroptosis

BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain(NP)is the primary symptom of various neurological condi-tions.Patients with NP often experience mood disorders,particularly depression and anxiety,that can severely affect their normal lives.Microglial cells are as-sociated with NP.Excessive inflammatory responses,especially the secretion of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines,ultimately lead to neuroinflam-mation.Microglial pyroptosis is a newly discovered form of inflammatory cell death associated with immune responses and inflammation-related diseases of the central nervous system.METHODS Two models,an in vitro lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated microglial cell model and a selective nerve injury model using BTX-A and SPP1 knockdown treatments,were used.Key proteins in the pyroptosis signaling pathway,NLRP3-GSDMD,were assessed using western blotting,real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and immunofluorescence.Inflammatory factors[interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α]were assessed using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay.We also evaluated microglial cell proliferation and apoptosis.Furthermore,we measured pain sensation by assessing the delayed hind paw withdrawal latency using thermal stimulation.RESULTS The expression levels of ACS and GSDMD-N and the mRNA expression of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1βwere enhanced in LPS-treated microglia.Furthermore,SPP1 expression was also induced in LPS-treated microglia.Notably,BTX-A inhibited SPP1 mRNA and protein expression in the LPS-treated microglia.Additionally,depletion of SPP1 or BTX-A inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in LPS-treated microglia,whereas co-treatment with BTX-A enhanced the effect of SPP1 short hairpin(sh)RNA in LPS-treated microglia.Finally,SPP1 depletion or BTX-A treatment reduced the levels of GSDMD-N,NLPRP3,and ASC and suppressed the production of inflammatory factors.CONCLUSION Notably,BTX-A therapy and SPP1 shRNA enhance microglial proliferation and apoptosis and inhibit microglial death.It improves pain perception and inhibits microglial activation in rats with selective nerve pain.

Multidrug-Resistant of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Strains in Chicken Feces Intended for Consumption in Open Spaces of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Resistant bacteria can be transmitted to humans through feces or contaminated meat from local chickens. Bacterial strains were isolated from the intestinal contents of 400 local chicken samples from various sales sites. These strains were then characterized using bacteriological and biochemical methods to identify resistant strains. In a study conducted in Ouagadougou, we systematically collected chicken fecal samples from 20 locations across the city, followed by isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. using specific enrichment and culture methods, as well as Escherichia coli. Bacterial strains were characterized using antibiotic resistance profiles were determined through agar diffusion tests, revealing sensitivity or resistance to a range of antibiotics based on established scientific criteria. The results showed that out of the 400 samples collected, 81.25% and 63.5% were contaminated by Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., respectively. Among these, 86.15% of identified Escherichia coli and 50.78% of Salmonella spp. displayed resistance to at least one tested antibiotic. Among 280 Escherichia coli isolates identified resistant to at least one antibiotic, 31.07% were resistant to cefotaxime (CTX), 20.35% to ceftazidime (CAZ), 21.07% to ceftriaxone (CTR), 75% to amoxicillin clavulanic acid (AMC), 23.57% aztreoname (ATM) and 27.14% were resistant to imipenem (IMP). In the case of the 129 Salmonella spp. isolates resistant to at least one tested antibiotic, 34.88% were resistant to CTX;41.08% to CAZ;35.65% to CTR, 92% to AMC, 39.53% to ATM and finally 47.28% were resistant to IMP. Our study revealed high prevalence of resistance in bacterial strains isolated from local chickens sold outdoors in Ouagadougou. These findings raise significant public health concerns, due to the possible transmission of these resistant strains to humans through the consumption of contaminated meat, thus complicating the treatment of bacterial infections.

基于SPPs的二维多凹槽结构MIM波导透射特性的研究

不规则结构对波导的传播特性有着很大的影响,但对于MIM(Metal-Insulator-Metal,金属-介质-金属型)波导双边矩形槽并添加多凹槽结构对传播特性的影响方面的研究尚少。在研究内嵌凹槽位置对MIM波导透射特性影响的基础上,提出了在双矩形波导模型基础的内部添加多凹槽结构来影响波导的透射特性,并对波长与透射的关系及不同凹槽位置、不同凹槽数目的电场模图进行了对比分析。在凹槽位置改变时,Fano共振峰位置发生了移动,在小波长区域共振峰的数目也有所改变。随着上凹槽位置的增大,最大透射峰位置发生了蓝移,透射强度也有一定的增强;增加凹槽对数,得到波长与透射特性的关系曲线发生了改变,随着凹槽对数的增加,Fano共振峰的位置发生了一定的红移,且在小波长600~1 000 nm区域,Fano共振峰数目及透射峰值均发生了变化。这些研究结果可为预测金属缝隙波导制备过程中小尺度、多凹槽局部缺陷结构对其传播特性的影响提供理论依据。

SPP1、OLR1在宫颈癌的表达及临床意义

观察SPP1(分泌型磷酸蛋白1)、OLR1(氧化低密度脂蛋白受体1)在正常宫颈及宫颈癌中的表达情况,探讨二者与宫颈癌相关临床病理资料及预后的关系。方法 选取2021年01月至2023年01月就诊于包头市肿瘤医院的48例宫颈癌患者为病例组,获取同一时间就诊于该院的48例正常宫颈组织为对照组。应用免疫组化法检测SPP1、OLR1在上述两组的表达情况,初步探讨SPP1和OLR1与宫颈癌患者的关系及二者之间的相关性;采用生物信息学分析对比宫颈癌及正常宫颈中SPP1、OLR1的表达,并分析其与宫颈癌患者生存预后的关系。结果 癌组织中SPP1、OLR1阳性表达率高于正常组织(P<0.05);SPP1的表达与癌组织淋巴结转移、分化程度及FIGO具有相关性(P<0.05);OLR1的表达与癌组织淋巴结转移和分化程度具有相关性(P<0.05);在癌组织中,SPP1和OLR1的表达呈正相关(r=0.423,P=0.007)。与SPP1低表达相比,高表达患者的生存率更低(P<0.05);宫颈癌患者的预后不良与SPP1、OLR1的T分期、N分期相关(P<0.05)。结论 宫颈癌组织的发生发展可能与SPP1、OLR1密不可分,检测这两种蛋白对宫颈癌的发生、发展及预后有一定的帮助。

中国南海来源真菌Penicillium sp.SCSIO 40438次级代谢产物研究

本论文对中国南海来源真菌Penicillium sp.SCSIO 40438的次级代谢产物进行了研究。通过硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱以及高效液相色谱等多种分离方法对该菌株的发酵产物进行了分离纯化,并利用核磁共振和高分辨质谱等波谱学方法对分离得到的化合物进行了结构鉴定。从中共分离鉴定到9个化合物:1-(2-Methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde(1)、1-methyl-2(1H)-quinazolinone(2)、fructigenine A(3)、fructigenine B(4)、2-[(s)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-3-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one(5)、3-methylviridicatin(6)、3-O-methylviridicatol(7)、viridicatol(8)和(+)-cyclopenol(9)。其中,化合物1和2为新天然产物。抑菌活性实验表明,化合物8具有中等强度的抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌活性,最低抑菌浓度为8.0μg·mL^(-1)。

鲸鱼骨来源真菌Penicillium sp. S2014503化学成分及其生物活性研究

从一块腐烂的鲸鱼骨头分离鉴定了一株真菌Penicillium sp. S2014503。利用大米固体发酵培养技术从该菌产物中获得10个化合物,通过核磁共振波谱数据比对分析结合质谱数据分析,手性化合物测定旋光值或者进行X-射线单晶衍射分析后将这10个化合物分别鉴定为emodin(1)、citreorosein(2)、tetrahydroaltersolanolB(3)、conioxanthoneA(4)、chrysogine(5)、pyramidamycin B (6)、germicidin O (7)、2-(6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethylbenzefuranone-4-yl) acetaldehyde (8)、astrophenone (9)和chenopodolans A (10)。经生物活性测试发现,化合物1和2对藤黄微球菌具有弱的抑制活性,化合物1、2和4对卤虫幼虫具有显著的致死毒性。此外,化合物1是中药大黄和虎杖的主要致泻成分。文章首次报道了来源于海洋动物样品鲸鱼骨的真菌Penicillium sp.能够生产大黄素类等活性天然产物。

智能手机BDS-3/GPS数据质量及SPP性能分析

使用可观测到BDS-3 B1I/B1C/B2a频率和GPS L1/L5频率的智能手机Xiaomi 11(青春版)作为研究对象,分别进行静态实验和不同场地的动态实验,分析手机输出的三频BDS和双频GPS原始观测数据质量及单频SPP性能。实验结果表明,智能手机的GNSS天线成本低致使其信号质量不佳,其中GPS L1频率和BDS B1C频率抗干扰性较强:BDS B1C频率定位结果在静态和动态实验中均较为稳定;GPS L1频率定位结果在动态实验中优于GPS L5频率,在静态实验中略差于GPS L5频率。

鸭SPP1基因的生物信息学分析、原核表达及其在鸭胚胎期骨骼肌中表达规律研究

分泌型焦磷酸蛋白1(SPP1)是一种具有多种功能的分泌型酸性糖蛋白,在肌肉发育过程中具有重要的调控作用,但SPP1基因在鸭骨骼肌中的结构和功能尚不明确。本研究选择胚胎期第17天(E17 d)、第21天(E21 d)、第24(E24 d)和第27天(E27 d)北京鸭和汉中麻鸭胸肌及腿肌组织作为实验材料,克隆了SPP1基因的CDS区序列并对该序列进行分析,进一步诱导基因表达,采用SDS-PAGE检测表达蛋白。同时采用qPCR方法分析SPP1基因在胚胎期北京鸭与汉中麻鸭胸肌和腿肌组织中的相对表达。结果表明:SPP1基因开放阅读框大小为915 bp,编码304个氨基酸,是有SP型信号肽的亲水性不稳定蛋白,无跨膜结构,有磷酸化和糖基化位点。qPCR结果表明,北京鸭骨骼肌SPP1的表达量在E27 d达到最高;而汉中麻鸭胸肌SPP1在E17 d的表达量最高,在E21 d的腿肌中表达量最高。在胚胎期北京鸭与汉中麻鸭骨骼肌的比较中,汉中麻鸭胸肌SPP1基因在E17 d时的表达量显著高于北京鸭,而在E27 d则低于北京鸭。北京鸭腿肌SPP1在E17 d和E27 d的表达量均高于汉中麻鸭,而在E21 d和E24 d则均低于汉中麻鸭。本研究揭示了鸭SPP1基因的结构及该基因在北京鸭和汉中麻鸭骨骼肌中的表达规律,为鸭生长发育的调控机制研究提供一定的参考。

红榄李来源内生真菌Penicillium oxalicum HLLG-13次级代谢产物与生物活性研究

对一株红树植物红榄李(Lumnitzera littorea (Jacq.) Voigt)内生真菌Penicillium oxalicum HLLG-13次级代谢产物进行系统研究;综合运用多种色谱分离方法结合波谱、光谱技术从中分离鉴定了21个单体化合物,分别为2-(4-羟苯基)乙基-(2S)-羟基丙酸(1),2-(4-羟苯基)乙酸乙酯(2),(4-羟苯基)乙酸甲酯(3),4-羟基苯乙醇(4),2,4,5-三甲基间苯二酚(5),1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl) butan-1-one(6),rosmarinosin C(7),penicyclone A(8),penicyclone C(9),2-(N-乙酰氨基)苯酚(10),N-乙酰酪胺(11),2-[[(2S)-羟基-1-氧丙基]氨基]苯甲酰胺(12),peniamidone A(13),meleagrin(14),7-羟基-2-(2’S-羟丙基)-5-甲基色酮(15),3-甲基-6,8-二羟基异香豆素(16),(-)-6-hydroxymellein(17),(3R)-甲基-5-氯-6,8-二羟基-二氢异香豆素(18),(3R)-甲基-6,8-二羟基-7-甲氧基-二氢异香豆素(19),(-)-citreoisocoumarinol(20)和de-O-methyldiaporthin(21)。抗菌活性测试结果表明,所有化合物对测试的5株人体致病菌和3株弧菌均无明显抗菌活性;神经保护活性测试结果表明,化合物16具有中等的神经保护活性,在200μmol/L浓度下,可以将H2O_(2)氧化损伤的HT22细胞存活率由43.36%提升至60.15%。