Preparations for the Olympics and Paralympics and Inclusion of People With Disabilities:the Australian Experience

There is substantial attention in the international community being directed at present to the human rights of people with disabilities. An international convention on human rights and disability is being actively considered through the United Nations system. Internationally, the case for a human rights Convention specifically dealing with people with disabilities

Advances in Health Promotion for People with Disabilities and the Laws of Brazil

Brazilian laws guarantee the protection to the rights of the citizenship of people with disabilities and their participation in various social sectors which influence health promotion. One aimed at reflecting about the health promotion actions contemplated in Brazilian laws directed to people with physical, hearing and visual disabilities. Through the website of the National Secretariat for the Promotion of the Rights of People with Disabilities, one selected 14 laws whose content was articulated to the Health Promotion Charts in the process of discussion. The laws had as their main objective, the accessibility of people with disabilities to urban spaces, health, income, education, transportation and leisure, i.e. to public services that are essential for the establishment of health. It is concluded that there was a progress in the elaboration of laws that guarantee the rights and integration of this population. However, it is observed that the non-compliance of the laws makes the promotion of health impossible.

Analysis on Supported Employment of People with Disabilities in Southwest China's Minority Areas

Employment of people with disabilities in Southwest China’s ethnic minority areas is characterized by relatively high pressure, a poor environment and single form. Supported employment can solve the problems faced by people with disabilities in the ethnic minority areas of Southwest China. Therefore, it is of practical significance to promote such a new form of employment. But in promoting the development of supported employment, it is necessary to strengthen its local top-level design and to establish corresponding legal and policy systems so as to give full play to the positive role of the government and establish a strong support system.

Five Years Later: Assessing the Implementation of the Four Priorities of the Sendai Framework for Inclusion of People with Disabilities

Efforts to reduce disaster risk around the world should purposefully consider the needs of potentially vulnerable populations, including people with disabilities. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR) is one of the few global disaster-related frameworks with a focus on people with disabilities. The objective of this article is to assess the inclusion of people with disabilities in disaster risk reduction strategies worldwide since the establishment of SFDRR as gleaned from research. Several studies were reviewed to observe how the four priorities were implemented and operationalized in various countries to reduce the risk for people with disabilities. Findings indicate that initial applications of the SFDRR have compelled purposeful actions, but there is still room for improvement regarding people with disabilities. The results conclude that slight variations on the definitions of disaster or disability may increase marginalization. Three key themes emerged:(1) the intersectionality of disability with other dimensions of vulnerability warrants focused consideration;(2) enhanced disaster preparedness requires more attention in order to empower people with disabilities;and(3) negative cultural attitudes need to shift to enable purposeful inclusion of people with disabilities. Additional studies on the global investments made are encouraged to share lessons learned regarding the integration of people with disabilities.

CURRENT TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHINESE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

Abstract The Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons is the first social security legislation in China, with more than 50 laws directly related to the legal protection of the rights of persons with disabilities and career development for people with disabilities. In terms of employment protections for people with disabilities, it is important to focus on effective legal implementation, utilizing legal rulings to limit employment discrimination against people with disabilities. Educational protections are an important precondition for enabling people with disabilities to live with dignity; it should be guaranteed that people with disabilities are provided ＂reasonable accommodation＂ in educational conditions. A barrier-free environment is a necessary condition for social integration of people with disabilities. At the same time, it also benefits other members of the society such as the elderly. Through rehabilitation and exercise, most people with disabilities can return to the society to a significant degree. China should gradually expand the legislative scope of rehabilitation service fee reductions and legal categories of auxiliary appliances, issuing guiding documents that provide specifications for the relevant ＂dormant＂ legal provisions.

An Empirical Exploration of the Capabilities of People with Disabilities in Coping with Disasters

While the capability approach is increasingly being adopted for evaluating well-being and social justice in the field of human development,this approach in disaster research has remained scarce.This research thus seeks to address the disaster risk that humans face through a lens of capabilities,with a focus on the lives of people with disabilities.A multi-case study approach was adopted and two rural communes in Vietnam were selected as study con texts.Data were collected using focus group discussions and interviews that involved people with disabilities,parents/caregivers of people with intellectual/psychosocial disabilities,and representatives from related organizations.It was found that people with disabilities are affected by disasters due to the lack of capabilities that they value in coping with disasters.A range of capabilities that people with disabilities value was revealed in the study sites,with many being valued not only in times of disasters but also in daily life.The findings also highlight that,to actualize their valued capabilities,people with disabilities need access not only to resources but also to the factors that enable them to convert the resources to their valued capabilities.In most cases,the limitations to the achievement of capabilities are related to the external environment.

Role of the Americans with Disabilities Act in Parental Rights Court Cases

In this paper, media provides a means of thinking critically about the role of ADA regulations should play in parental fights for individuals with mental disabilities, specifically mental illness, developmental disabilities, and brain injuries. Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act more than 20 years ago to ensure the rights of individuals with disabilities, including parental rights. Title II of the ADA applies to decisions made in the courtroom and other governmental agencies, which include child custody cases and termination of parental rights. ＂Reasonable Accommodations＂ is one requirement of the ADA to make society more inclusive for individuals with disabilities, even in the realm of parenting. Under Title II, such modifications would include parenting classes, homecare assistance, support groups, community resources, and counseling. Through a critical examination of experiences as depicted through media and court case analyses of parents with mental disabilities, this paper argues that challenging the idea that individuals with disabilities cannot or should not be parents must start in the courtroom, by changing the attitudes and perceptions of judges presiding over child custody cases and termination of parental rights cases involving parents with mental disabilities.

How Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality Benefit the Elderly and Individuals with Disabilities

The growing and evolving use of emerging technology including Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Virtual Reality(VR),has significantly impacted the lives of two specific groups-the elderly and the disabled.This paper investigates potential reasons for this phenomenon.Clearly,AI and VR Technology alters the everyday lives of people with disabilities and how they navigate the world.Technological developments increasingly work to address the isolation that people with disabilities as well as the elderly experience for they are often unable or limited in how they engage with their communities.This research paper outlines the way technology has improved social communication,information distribution,and day-to-day living for those with disabilities and the elderly.Undoubtedly,the internet has transformed social communication and interaction for most people.Socially isolated individuals with disabilities have gained exposure to social environments through social media.Moreover,the broad range of information available on the internet has increased access to resources such as government services,health services,and social services support.On a related point,assistive devices have enabled disabled people including many seniors to overcome motor,sensory,or cognitive difficulties that may have previously hindered them from performing daily tasks.However,although AI and VR technology has been effectively integrated in the lives of those with disabilities,many such individuals lack access to commonplace technologies,like a personal computer.This paper examines how AI and VR technology has enhanced communication,information access,and everyday activities for the disabled and aging communities despite such socio-economic limitations.

Sexuality: Experience of Women with Physical Disabilities

It was aimed to describe the experiences at the practice of sexuality of women with physical disabilities. This study is part of a doctoral thesis entitled sexuality in women with acquired deficiency: nursing in health promotion and empowerment. It was conducted an exploratory descriptive study with qualitative approach, which was carried out from June to October, in the year of 2010. The survey participants were six women members of an association of people with physical disabilities. Data collection was based on focal group. Analysis and discussion by means of the classification of the speeches were performed according to the analysis of content and pertinent literature. In the results, the following categories and sub-categories were identified: concepts, covering self-image and sexuality;social actors, responsible for the promotion of sexuality, with highlight for men, family and health professionals;challenges experienced in the practice of sexuality, with highlight on prejudice and fear of sexual abuse due to the disability. We could state that the focus groups favored the discussion and the self-knowledge of the women with respect to sexuality.

How China Protects the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

China prioritizes the rights to survival and to development both in abstract terms and in practical terms in its human rights efforts. As early as the United Nations began to draft the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, China maintained that the right to development should be part of human rights. In the implementation of the Convention, China focuses on the people’s livelihood, passes laws and makes policies that protect disability rights, and even prioritizes the protection as part of its economic and social development initiatives, particularly poverty reduction and the effort to make China into a moderately prosperous society. In the international community, China advocates the inclusion of disability rights into international development agendas, and plays a leading role in the implementation of the United Nations’ Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. China’s unique way of protecting disability rights aptly demonstrates the country’s efforts to realize the right to development for its people.

Positioning and function of secondary general hospital in community rehabilitation of disabled persons-a case study of a secondary general hospital in Changsha city

Objective:the positioning of secondary hospitals in the community rehabilitation work system and the status of community medical rehabilitation ser-vices for the disabled in Changsha were clarified through investigation and study of the 2019 income of a second-ary general hospital in Changsha.Suggestions from var-ious parties were integrated to provide feasible ideas for expanding the role of secondary hospitals in community rehabilitation.Methods:the 2019 income of a secondary general hospital in Changsha was statistically analyzed,a community rehabilitation questionnaire was designed,and a field survey was carried out focusing on 19 issues including rehabilitation service items,rehabilitation facil-ities and equipment,and the satisfaction of rehabilitation practitioners.Results:in the total hospitalization expenses of a secondary general hospital in Changsha city in 2019,rehabilitation physiotherapy expenses accounted for 7%,and drug treatment expenses accounted for 25%.In addi-tion,in the survey of community rehabilitation service sat-isfaction for the disabled,the difference between the very dissatisfied and very satisfied groups was statistically sig-nificant(P<0.05).Conclusion:taking a secondary gener-al hospital in Changsha city as an example,the treatment methods in secondary general hospitals are still dominated by traditional drug therapy,and the disabled are not sat-isfied with community rehabilitation services.Therefore,rehabilitation treatment projects to meet the rehabilitation needs of the disabled should be promoted in hospitals.

The Learning of Adolescent Students about the Disabled Person Using Board Game

This study aims at verifying the learning of adolescent students about the disabled person using educational technology in the board game mode and using a semi-experimental non-randomized study of pre and post with unintentional probability sample. Validated and standardized instruments were used. Data were processed by SPSS 20.0 and organized in tables. For comparison of proportions, the McNemar test was used. Females predominated (56%), aged between 13 and 14 years old (63.3%) from private schools (58.7%). It was evidenced a significance for learning about visual and hearing impairment on issues of low complexity (p < 0.0001), visual impairment in the issue of medium complexity (p < 0.0001) and hearing loss in high complexity (p < 0.0001). It should be practiced using the board game to school awareness about the theme, because it provides reflection on the theme, contributes to learning and encourages inclusion.

On the Legal Status of Sign Language and Braille in China:Development Process and Institutional Evolution

on the 30^(th)anniversary of the implementation of the Law of the people’s Republic of China on the protection of persons with Disabilities,re-examining the standardization of sign language and Braille will help implement the 14^(th)Five-Year plan and further improve the protection system for the rights and interests of persons with disabilities.From the perspective of regulation,conception and cultivation,it is necessary to clarify the legal status of sign language and Braille in China,accelerate the development of education,and heighten the awareness of rights protection.Identifying sign language and Braille either as a part of the standard national spoken and written language or as a supplementary language can both reaffirm their actual status in the practice of language and script standardization,but the actual needs of the promotion and use of sign language and Braille have not yet been met.only when the two are clearly defined as being forms of the standard national spoken and written language can their legal status be fundamentally consolidated,and a systematic structure for the protection of the rights and interests of persons with disabilities be realized.In order to determine the legal status of the two as being forms of the standard national language,a three-level system of“legal foundation-legislative implementation-system support”should be put in place,so as to form a synergy for the promotion of national standard sign language and Braille.