The global,prevalence,and risk factors of postoperative fever after percutaneous nephrolithotomy:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:This study aimed to explore the global,prevalence,and risk factors of fever after percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods:The high-sensitivity searching was conducted without time limitation until December 30,2020 in Web of Sciences,Scopus,and PubMed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results:The prevalence rates of fever and sepsis among patient undergoing PCNL were estimated 9.5%(95%confidence interval[CI]:9.3%-9.7%),and 4.5%(95%CI:4.2%-4.8%),respectively.Nephrostomy tube was used in 9.96%(95%CI:9.94%-9.97%)of patients.The mean preoperative white blood cells of patients were 6.401×109/L;18.3%and 4.55%of patients were considered as the positive urinary culture and pyuria,respectively.About 20.4%of patients suffered from residual stones.The odds ratios(ORs)of fever in patients who suffering from diabetes mellitus,hydronephrosis,staghorn stones,and blood transfusion were 4.62(95%CI:2.95-7.26),1.04(95%CI:0.81-1.34),2.57(95%CI:0.93-7.11),and 2.65(95%CI:1.62-4.35),respectively.Patients who underwent PCNL in prone position were more likely to develop fever(OR:1.23;95%CI:0.75-2.00)than patients in supine position.Conclusion:The current study showed that patients who suffer from diabetes mellitus,hydronephrosis,staghorn stones,nephrostomy tube or double-J stent,blood transfusion,and also patients who underwent PCNL in prone position surgery are more likely to develop a postoperative fever after PCNL.

Perioperative and long-term results of ultrasonography-guided single-and multiple-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy for staghorn calculi

BACKGROUND It is possible that this condition will lead to urosepsis and progressive deterioration of renal function in the absence of surgical intervention.Several recent clinical studies have shown that multi-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL)has a similar stone free rate(SFR)as standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy(S-PCNL).As a result,M-PCNL was also recommended as a treatment option for staghorn calculi.AIM To examine the perioperative and long-term results of ultrasonography-guided single-and M-PCNL.METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study.Between March 2021 and January 2022,the urology department of our hospital selected patients for the treatment of staghorn calculi using percutaneous nephrolithotomy.The primary outcomes were com plication rate and SFR,and the characteristics of patients,operative parameters,laboratory measurements were also collected.RESULTS In total,345 patients were enrolled in the study(186 in the S-PCNL group and 159 in the M-PCNL group).The SFR in the M-PCNL group was significantly higher than that in the S-PCNL group(P=0.033).Moreover,the incidence rates of hydrothorax(P=0.03)and postoperative infection(P=0.012)were higher in the M-PCNL group than in the S-PCNL group.Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that post-operative white blood cell count(OR=2.57,95%CI:1.90-3.47,P<0.001)and stone size(OR=1.59,95%CI:1.27-2.00,P<0.001)were associated with a higher overall complication rate in the S-PCNL group.Body mass index(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.06-1.40,P=0.004)and stone size(OR=1.70,95%CI:1.35-2.15,P<0.001)were associated with increased overall complications in the M-PCNL group.CONCLUSION Multiple access tracts can facilitate higher SFR while slightly increasing the incidence of acceptable complications.

Metabolic syndrome and the urinary microbiome of patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Objective:To identify possible stone-promoting microbes,we compared the profiles of microbes grown from stones of patients with and without metabolic syndrome(MetS).The association between MetS and urinary stone disease is well established,but the exact pathophysiologic relationship remains unknown.Recent evidence suggests urinary tract dysbiosis may lead to increased nephrolithiasis risk.Methods:At the time of percutaneous nephrolithotomy,bladder urine and stone fragments were collected from patients with and without MetS.Both sample types were subjected to expanded quantitative urine culture(EQUC)and 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.Results:Fifty-seven patients included 12 controls(21.1%)and 45 MetS patients(78.9%).Both cohorts were similar with respect to demographics and non-MetS comorbidities.No controls had uric acid stone composition.By EQUC,bacteria were detected more frequently in MetS stones(42.2%)compared to controls(8.3%)(p=0.041).Bacteria also were more abundant in stones of MetS patients compared to controls.To validate our EQUC results,we performed 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.In 12/16(75.0%)sequence-positive stones,EQUC reliably isolated at least one species of the sequenced genera.Bacteria were detected in both“infectious”and“non-infectious”stone compositions.Conclusion:Bacteria are more common and more abundant in MetS stones than control stones.Our findings support a role for bacteria in urinary stone disease for patients with MetS regardless of stone composition.

Predictive factors for percutaneous nephrolithotomy bleeding risks

Objective:This study aimed to identify predictive factors for percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)bleeding risks.With better risk stratification,bleeding in high-risk patient can be anticipated and facilitates early identification.Methods:A prospective observational study of PCNL performed at our institution was done.All adults with radio-opaque renal stones planned for PCNL were included except those with coagulopathy,planned for additional procedures.Factors including gender,co-morbidities,body mass index,stone burden,puncture site,tract dilatation size,operative position,surgeon's seniority,and operative duration were studied using stepwise multivariate regression analysis to identify the predictive factors associated with higher estimated hemoglobin(Hb)deficiency.Results:Overall,4.86%patients(n=7)received packed cells transfusion.The mean estimated Hb deficiency was 1.3(range 0-6.5)g/dL and the median was 1.0 g/dL.Stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed that absence of hypertension(p=0.024),puncture site(p=0.027),and operative duration(p=0.023)were significantly associated with higher estimated Hb deficiency.However,the effect sizes are rather small with partial eta-squared of 0.037,0.066,and 0.038,respectively.Observed power obtained was 0.621,0.722,and 0.625,respectively.Other factors studied did not correlate with Hb difference.Conclusion:Hypertension,puncture site,and operative duration have significant impact on estimated Hb deficiency during PCNL.However,the effect size is rather small despite adequate study power obtained.Nonetheless,operative position(supine or prone),puncture number,or tract dilatation size did not correlate with Hb difference.The mainstay of reducing bleeding in PCNL is still meticulous operative technique.Our study findings also suggest that PCNL can be safely done by urology trainees under supervision in suitably selected patient,without increasing risk of bleeding.

Clinical efficacy and safety of flexible ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for large kidney stones:A retrospective comparative study

BACKGROUND Renal stones ranging 20–40 mm are very common in China.Although no largesample clinical studies have confirmed the clinical efficacy and safety of this method,there is also a lack of comparative data with traditional treatment.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of flexible ureteroscopy(FURS)and percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)by postoperative stone clearance and changes in soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1(sVCAM-1)and kidney injury molecule 1(KIM-1)levels in patients with large kidney stones(>2 cm in diameter).METHODS This single-center observational study was performed at a Chinese hospital between January 1,2021,and October 30,2023.All 250 enrolled patients were diagnosed with large kidney stones(>2 cm)and divided into a FURS group(n=145)and a PCNL group(n=105)by the surgical method.The FURS group was treated with flexible ureteroscopy and the PCNL group was treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy.The operation time,time to palinesthesia,intraoperative blood loss,drop in hemoglobin,length of hospital stay,stone clearance rate,and complications were recorded in the two groups.Preoperative and postoperative serum sVCAM-1 levels,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),urine KIM-1 levels,preoperative and postoperative pain visual analog scale(VAS)and Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life Questionnaire(WISQOL)scores were also documented.RESULTS All 250 eligible patients completed the follow-up.There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups(P>0.05).The operation time in the FURS group was significantly greater than that in the PCNL group.The time to ambulation,intraoperative blood loss,decrease in hemoglobin,and length of hospital stay were significantly lower in the FURS group than in the PCNL group.The FURS group also had a significantly higher stone clearance rate and a lower incidence of postoperative complications.There was no significant difference in antibiotic use between the groups.Postoperative serum sVCAM-1 levels,urine KIM-1 levels,and VAS scores were lower in the FURS group than in the PCNL group,but postoperative ESR and WISQOL scores were greater in the FURS group than in the PCNL group.CONCLUSION FURS demonstrated superior clinical efficacy in treating large kidney stones(>2 cm in diameter)compared PCNL.It not only improved the postoperative stone clearance rate and reduced complications and recovery time but also positively affected serum SCM-1,ESR,and urine KIM-1 levels,subsequent improvement of patient quality of life.

Clinical Application Study of Super-Mini Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in the Treatment of Kidney Stones

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and complication rates of different stone fragmentation techniques in the treatment of kidney stones.Methods:This study selected 100 patients with urinary stones treated at the Third Division General Hospital from 2021 to November 2023 as subjects.The control group(n=50)received conventional percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)for stone fragmentation,while the research group(n=50)received super-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy(SMP)treatment.Surgical parameters,stone clearance rates,recurrence rates,and complication rates were compared between the two groups.Results:After treatment,the surgical parameters in the research group were significantly better than those in the control group.The research group had a higher stone clearance rate and lower rates of stone recurrence and complications(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with conventional PCNL,SMP shows better clinical outcomes for patients with kidney stones.It improves surgical parameters,increases stone clearance rates,and reduces both stone recurrence and complication rates,making it a valuable technique for clinical reference.

Reliability of nephrolithometric nomograms in patients treated with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A precision study

Objectives:The study aimed to evaluate quality of nephrolithometric nomograms to predict stone-free rates(SFRs)and complication rates(CRs)in case of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PNL).In the last decade,nomograms have been introduced to estimate the SFRs and CRs of PNL.However,no data are available regarding their reliability in case of utilization of miniaturized devices.Herein we present a prospective multicentric study to evaluate reliability of Guy’s stone score(GSS),the stone size,tract length,obstruction,number of involved calyces,and essence of stone(S.T.O.N.E.)nephrolithometry score and Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society(CROES)score in patients treated with minimally invasive PNL.Methods:We evaluated SFRs and CRs of 222 adult patients treated with miniaturized PNL.Patients were considered stone-free if no residual fragments of any size at post-operative unenhanced computed tomography scan.Patients demographics,SFRs,and CRs were reported and analyzed.Performances of nomograms were evaluated with the area under the curve(AUC).Results:We included 222 patients,the AUCs of GSS,CROES score,and S.T.O.N.E.nephrolithometry score were 0.69(95%confidence interval[CI]0.61-0.78),0.64(95%CI 0.56-0.73),and 0.62(95%CI 0.52-0.71),respectively.Regarding SFRs,at multivariate binomial logistic regression,only the GSS had significance with an odds ratio of 0.53(95%CI 0.31e0.95,p=0.04).We did not find significant correlation with complications,with only a trend for GSS.Conclusion:This is the first study evaluating nomograms in miniaturized PNL.They still show good reliability;however,our data showed lower performances compared to standard PNL.We emphasize the need of further studies to confirm this trend.A dedicated nomogram for minimally invasive PNL may be necessary.

Stone-scoring systems for predicting complications in percutaneous nephrolithotomy:A systematic review of the literature

Objective:Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a treatment of choice for larger stones of the upper urinary tract.Currently,several nephrolithometric nomograms for prediction of post-operative surgical outcomes have been proposed,although uncertainties still exist regarding their roles in the estimation of complications.Methods:We conducted a systematic review on PubMed and Web of Sciences databases including English studies with at least 100 cases and published between January 2010 and December 2021.We identified original articles evaluating correlations between the Guy’s stone score,the stone size(S),tract length(T),obstruction(O),number of involved calices(N),and essence or stone density(E)(S.T.O.N.E.),Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society(CROES),and Seoul National University Renal Stone Complexity(S-ReSC)scores and post-operative complications in adult patients.We also included newly designed nomograms for prediction of specific complications.Results:After an initial search of 549 abstracts,we finally included a total of 18 papers.Of them,11 investigated traditional nephrolithometric nomograms,while seven newly designed nomograms were used to predict specific complications.Overall,7316 patients have been involved.In total,14 out of 18 papers are derived from retrospective single-center studies.Guy’s stone score obtained correlation with complications in five,S.T.O.N.E.nephrolithometry score in four,while CROES score and S-ReSC score in three and two,respectively.None of the studies investigated minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)and all cases have been conducted in prone position.Considering newly designed nomograms,none of them is currently externally validated;five of them predict post-operative infections;the remaining two have been designed for thromboembolic events and urinary leakage.Conclusion:This review presents all nomograms currently available in the PCNL field and highlights a certain number of concerns.Published data have appeared contradictory;more recent tools for prediction of post-operative complications are frequently based on small retrospective cohorts and lack external validations.Heterogeneity among studies has also been noticed.More rigorous validations are advisable in the future,involving larger prospective patients’series and with the comparison of different tools.

Miniaturization in percutaneous nephrolithotomy:What is new?

Objective:To summarize recent advancements in mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy(mini-PCNL)in surgical technique,stone removal strategy,lithotripsy,and surgical model from the current literature.Methods:We conducted a narrative review of relevant English-language articles up to October 2022 using the PubMed and Web of Science databases.The following keywords were used in the search:“percutaneous nephrolithotomy”,“minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy”,“mini-PCNL”,“mini-perc”,“mPCNL”,and“miniaturization”.Results:A series of new progress has been made in many aspects of mini-PCNL,such as further reduction of tract sizedneedle perc and further improvement of robotic-assisted PCNLdartificial intelligence-powered robotic devices.Conclusion:Many studies and trials have been conducted to reduce morbidity and increase the safety and effectiveness of mini-PCNL.It is crucial to realize that miniaturization of PCNL requires not only a smaller percutaneous tract size,but also an adjustment strategically in renal access,stone removal,lithotripsy,and surgical model in general.More large-scale prospective research needs to be carried out to further validate and optimize the safety and effectiveness of mini-PCNL.

A pilot clinical study of developing an External Assist Targeting Device for rapid and precise renal calyx access during percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Objective:To design a device to increase the accuracy of the targeting process and reduce the radiation exposure to both the patients and the medical staff.Methods:We analyzed the inherent problem and designed the External Assist Targeting Device(EATD)to assist in the alignment of needle targeting on the desired renal calyx under fluoroscopic guidance.The EATD was designed to allow rapid and precise access to calyces at all angles,with a simple two-step puncture protocol developed for puncturing a target renal calyx.We then tested the device in a pilot human trial with four patients.Results:In experiments with phantom models,the time for successful targeting was reduced by 31%using the device.The mean fluoroscopic time was reduced by 40%.In initial human trial,the puncture time was shortened by 66%and the radiation dose was decreased by 65%compared to free-hand technique.No complication was observed during the trial.Conclusion:The EATD was found to be cost effective,portable,simple to set up,and safe to operate for assisting in the percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedures.Our preliminary tests showed high degree of accuracy in gaining precise access to a targeted renal calyx with much shorter time and lesser radiation dose.The EATD also has the potential to be used to access other organs with precision under fluoroscopic guidance.

美国麻醉医师协会分级在局部麻醉经皮肾镜碎石取石术的上尿路结石患者中的应用评价

目的分析美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级在行局部麻醉经皮肾镜碎石取石术(PCNL)的上尿路结石患者中的应用价值。方法将80例行局部麻醉PCNL的上尿路结石患者根据ASA分级分为高危组(ASA分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级)36例和低危组(ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级)44例,比较2组围术期指标(手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间)、结石清除率、炎性因子[C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]、疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分及并发症发生率。结果低危组住院时间短于高危组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);低危组结石清除率为93.18%,高于高危组的75.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,高危组血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平高于低危组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1 d,高危组术后血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平高于低危组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1、3、5 d时,高危组和低危组VAS评分均降低,且低危组VAS评分低于高危组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低危组并发症发生率为4.54%,低于高危组的19.44%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论局部麻醉PCNL治疗ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级的上尿路结石患者的炎症反应、疼痛程度较ASA分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级患者轻,且并发症发生率低。

床旁健康教育视频联合PDCA循环健康教育在经皮肾镜取石术患者中的应用效果及对治疗依从性的影响

目的探讨床旁健康教育视频联合PDCA循环健康教育在经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)患者中的应用效果及对治疗依从性的影响。方法选取2021年6月至9月行PCNL的46例肾结石患者为参考组,另选择同年10月至12月行PCNL的46例肾结石患者为干预组。参考组予以常规健康教育,干预组予以床旁健康教育视频联合PDCA循环健康教育。比较两组的干预效果。结果干预组的首次下床时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间短于参考组,术后不良事件总发生率低于参考组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组的术后饮食、术后服药、术后下床活动依从率高于参考组,结石复发率低于参考组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组的中文版威斯康星州肾结石生活质量量表(WISQOL)各维度评分均高于参考组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论床旁健康教育视频联合PDCA循环健康教育能够提高PCNL患者的治疗依从性,加速术后康复,降低结石复发率,提高生活质量。

输尿管软镜碎石取石术治疗直径≤2 cm的肾结石的疗效及对肾功能和炎症相关指标的影响

目的 分析输尿管软镜碎石取石术(RIRS)治疗肾结石(直径≤2 cm)的疗效及对肾功能和炎症的影响。方法 选取2020年1月-2022年12月该院收治的肾结石(直径≤2 cm)患者194例,采用随机数表法分为超微经皮肾镜取石术(SMP)组(97例)和RIRS组(97例),分别给予SMP和RIRS治疗,两组患者术后均随访1周。比较两组患者手术情况、肾功能、应激反应、炎症相关指标和并发症发生情况。结果RIRS组肾造瘘管留置时间和住院时间短于SMP组,术中出血量少于SMP组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。两组患者术后1周血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C (Cys-C)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、肾损伤分子-1 (KIM-1)水平,以及术后24 h血清活性氧(ROS)、肾上腺素(AD)、去甲肾上腺素(NA)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、脂质过氧化物(LPO)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、前列腺素E2 (PGE2)和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平较术前升高,且RIRS组低于SMP组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。RIRS组随访期间的并发症总发生率低于SMP组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 与SMP相比,RIRS治疗肾结石(直径≤2 cm),具有创伤小、出血少、肾功能损害小、术后应激反应轻、炎症反应轻和安全性高等优势,可促进患者术后恢复。

血清MFG-E8与肾结石经皮肾镜治疗预后的相关性

目的 探讨血清乳脂肪球表皮生长因子8(MFG-E8)与肾结石经皮肾镜治疗预后的相关性。方法 选取2020年3月—2021年3月我院行经皮肾镜取石术进行治疗的96例肾结石患者为研究对象,根据术后3个月患者是否发生肾损伤将患者分为预后不良组(32例)和预后良好组(64例)。采用酶联免疫吸附实验检测MFG-E8水平,分析其水平变化与肾结石经皮肾镜治疗预后的相关性,并根据血清MFG-E8水平绘制ROC曲线,评估其对肾结石经皮肾镜治疗预后的价值。结果 单因素分析结果显示,结石大小、结石形状与肾结石经皮肾镜治疗预后无关(P>0.05),预后不良组患者Scr、BUN、胱抑素C(CysC)、TNF-α、急性生理与与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)水平显著高于预后良好组,而eGFR、血清MFG-E8水平显著低于预后良好组(均P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,血清MFG-E8水平与Scr、BUN、CysC、血清人单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、IL-6、TNF-α、APACHEⅡ呈负相关关系,与eGFR呈正相关关系(均P<0.05)。血清MFG-E8水平截断值为217.56 pg/ml时,评估肾结石患者经皮肾镜治疗预后不良的ROC曲线下面积为0.69(95%CI:1.138~2.259),敏感度和特异度分别为77.46%和68.35%;血清MCP-1评估肾结石患者经皮肾镜治疗预后不良的ROC曲线下面积为0.68(95%CI:1.112~2.147),敏感度和特异度分别为76.36%和69.25%;血清Scr评估肾结石患者经皮肾镜治疗预后不良的ROC曲线下面积为0.72(95%CI:1.169~2.248),敏感度和特异度分别为78.29%和67.43%;三者联合检测评估肾结石患者经皮肾镜治疗预后不良的ROC曲线下面积为0.76(95%CI:1.248~2.356),敏感度和特异度分别为81.37%和69.45%。结论 肾结石经皮肾镜治疗预后不良患者血清MFG-E8水平异常降低,其水平与肾结石患者肾损伤程度密切相关,血清MFG-E8可作为肾结石经皮肾镜治疗预后评估的重要依据。

经皮肾镜碎石取术后急性中重度疼痛的影响因素分析

目的:探讨经皮肾镜碎石取石术(PCNL)的术后中重度疼痛发生率的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2021年6月-2022年12月在我科行PCNL手术的患者资料,根据长海痛尺中重度疼痛诊断标准,将患者分为发生中重度疼痛组和未发生中重度疼痛组,先后进行单因素分析、多因素Logistic回归分析,确定PCNL术后急性中重度疼痛的独立影响因素。结果:研究期间共130例患者接受PCNL手术,根据纳排标准最终123例患者纳入本研究。术后急性中重度疼痛发生率为52.03%,其中重度疼痛达23.58%。中重度疼痛组和非中重度疼痛组在手术时间、通道型号、年龄、留置管道数目等方面有统计学差异(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:年龄<50岁(OR=0.362,95%CI:0.155~0.845)、留置管道数目(OR=2.119,95%CI:1.086~4.133)是发生急性中重度疼痛的独立影响因素。结论:PCNL术后急性中重度疼痛发生率高,应引起医护人员重视,尤其是采用多通道手术时,应实施超前镇痛干预方案,提高患者康复质量。

输尿管软镜与微通道经皮肾镜碎石术治疗老年患者2.0~3.0 cm非下盏肾结石的疗效比较

目的探讨一次性电子输尿管软镜治疗老年患者2.0~3.0 cm非下盏肾结石的疗效和安全性。方法2021年1月~2022年12月我院78例老年患者2.0~3.0 cm非下盏肾结石,按照术式分为FURL组[一次性电子输尿管软镜碎石术(flexible ureteroscope lithotripsy,FURL)42例]和MPCNL组[微通道经皮肾镜碎石术(minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy,MPCNL)36例],比较2组手术时间、碎石时间、术后血红蛋白下降值、术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)、住院时间、术后1周和4周结石清除率(stone free rate,SFR)、二次治疗率和并发症发生率等。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术。FURL组血红蛋白下降值(4.4±1.6)g/L,显著低于MPCNL组(24.7±4.6)g/L(t=-25.342,P=0.000);FURL组术后疼痛VAS评分(1.6±0.4)分,显著低于MPCNL组(5.6±0.9)分(t=-25.642,P=0.000);FURL组碎石时间(82.5±10.2)min,明显长于MPCNL组(53.8±8.4)min(t=13.437,P=0.000);FURL组手术时间(98.3±12.5)min,与MPCNL组(96.7±11.8)min比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.555,P=0,581);FURL组住院时间(3.5±1.5)d,显著短于MPCNL组住院时间(8.6±1.7)d(t=-13.947,P=0.000)。FURL组并发症发生率26.2%(11/42),与MPCNL组27.8%(10/36)差异无显著性(χ^(2)=0.025,P=0.875)。FURL组二次治疗率19.0%(8/42),与MPCNL组11.1%(4/36)差异无显著性(χ^(2)=0.938,P=0.333)。FURL组术后1周SFR 54.8%(23/42),明显低于MPCNL组86.1%(31/36)(χ^(2)=8.943,P=0.003);FURL组术后4周SFR 90.5%(38/42),与MPCNL组91.7%(33/36)差异无显著性(χ^(2)=0.000,P=1.000)。结论一次性电子输尿管软镜治疗老年患者2.0~3.0 cm非下盏肾结石效果显著,具有创伤小、恢复快、出血少、并发症发生率低、住院时间短等优势,值得在临床上推广应用。

经皮肾镜取石术后出血的介入治疗

目的研究PCNL术后出血患者接受选择性RAE治疗的效果及失败原因。方法对2015年4月-2023年5月期间本院20例PCNL术后出血患者以及外院转入的3例患者进行回顾性分析。结果DSA显示:PA 3人,AVF 6人,PA合并AVF 3人,动脉分支损伤8人,未见异常3人。所有23例PCNL术后出血患者行RAE治疗。其中,21例患者第一次RAE后成功止血,1例第一次RAE后再发出血行二次RAE成功,1例栓塞失败急诊行肾动脉分支结扎术止血成功。所有患者随访1月未发生再次出血。结论选择性RAE是治疗PCNL术后出血有效、安全的治疗方法,能最大程度保留患者肾功能。同时,治疗效果也与介入医师的操作技术密切相关。

CT三维影像重建技术在肾结石行经皮肾镜取石术中的应用

目的分析CT三维影像重建技术在经皮肾镜取石手术(percutaneous nephrolithotomy,PCNL)中的应用效果。方法选取2022年5月—2023年5月河池市人民医院泌尿外科收治的100例PCNL患者为研究对象,所有患者均接受PCNL治疗,按造影技术不同分为研究组、对照组,每组50例。研究组以CT三维重建技术指导,对照组以静脉肾盂造影指导。比较两组一次性建立通道成功率、结石清除率、并发症(胸膜损伤、大出血、肠道损伤)发生率。结果研究组Ⅰ期结石清除率为92.00%(46/50),高于对照组的76.00%(38/50),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.762,P<0.05)。研究组一次性建立通道成功率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论CT三维影像重建提高了Ⅰ期结石清除率,同时一次性建立通道成功率高,手术并发症发生率低。

可弯曲负压鞘联合一次性输尿管软镜与超微经皮肾镜治疗2~3 cm肾结石的疗效比较

目的 探讨可弯曲负压输尿管软镜鞘(UAS)联合一次性输尿管软镜(FURS)与超微经皮肾镜(SMP)治疗2~3 cm肾结石的治疗效果,为结石患者的治疗选择提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2021年9月—2023年9月于福建中医药大学附属厦门市第三医院行手术治疗的130例2~3 cm肾结石患者的资料,其中采用可弯曲负压UAS联合一次性FURS取石术者68例(UAS联合组),采用SMP者62例(SMP组),比较两组围手术期主要数据指标及术后清石率(SFR)。结果 两组手术均顺利完成,UAS联合组与SMP组术后3 d(88.24%vs.90.32%)及1个月(91.18%vs.93.55%)的总SFR、并发症发生率(5.88%vs.9.67%)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对于肾盂肾下盏夹角(IPA)<45°的下盏结石患者,UAS联合组SFR明显低于SMP组(57.14%vs.100%,P<0.05)。UAS联合组较SMP组的手术时间更长[(104.94±8.79)min vs.(77.98±6.60)min,P<0.001]、住院费用更高[(23 112.82±1 152.34)元vs.(21 975.84±1 512.24)元,P<0.001],术后血红蛋白下降值更少[(6.71±2.07)g/L vs.(9.81±4.80)g/L,P<0.001]、术后住院时间更短[(3.28±0.51)d vs.(5.58±0.71)d,P<0.001]。UAS联合组术后6、24、48 h视觉模拟评分(VAS)[(6.38±0.69)、(3.62±0.73)、(3.12±0.33)分]均小于SMP组[(7.87±0.88)、(5.81±0.83)、(3.81±0.60)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对于2~3 cm肾结石两种手术方式均具有较高的SFR,SMP具有手术时间短、住院费用低、下盏结石SFR高等优势,而可弯曲负压UAS联合一次性FURS取石术具有出血少、痛苦小、术后住院时间短等优势。术者可以根据患者病情及其意愿,结合自身经验选择合适的手术方式。

一次性输尿管软镜与微通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾下盏结石的临床研究

目的探讨采用一次性输尿管软镜(single-use digital flexible ureteroscope,SDFU)与微通道经皮肾镜手术(mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy,mPCNL)治疗肾下盏结石的临床效果。方法选取2021年7月至2023年7月在徐州市第一人民医院接受治疗的80例肾下盏结石患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(n=38)与研究组(n=42)。对照组采用mPCNL,研究组采用SDFU。比较两组手术时间、术后4周一次性结石清除率、手术前后24 h血红蛋白下降值、住院时间、手术前后C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、术后1周并发症发生率、术后1周生活质量量表(short form survey-36,SF-36)评分。结果研究组手术时间长于对照组,一次性结石清除率、血红蛋白下降值均低于对照组,住院时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,两组IL-6、CRP、PCT、TNF-α比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后24 h,研究组IL-6、CRP、PCT、TNF-α均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1周,研究组认知、躯体、情感、角色、社会功能评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用mPCNL治疗肾下盏结石可提高结石清除率并缩短手术时间,SDFU能够降低血红蛋白下降值,消除炎性反应,减少并发症发生,可加快患者术后康复。