Percutaneous cervical carotid artery access with stenting of the left internal carotid artery in an elderly patient

To describe the successful endovascular treatment in a nonagenarian with symptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis using direct carotid artery access. An independent 98 year-old man was admitted to our hospital for symptoms of progressive weakness with disorientation and dysphasia. Carotid Duplex ultrasonography was performed which revealed a totally occluded right internal carotid artery and high grade stenosis of the left internal carotid artery by velocities of 608/240 cm/sec. The patient refused surgical endarterectomy and thus he was referred for carotid artery stenting. Using the femoral artery approach and multiple catheter techniques, access to the common carotid artery could not be accomplished safely. The procedure was aborted and he was therefore brought back to the catheterization laboratory the following day for direct carotid access. Carotid artery stenting was accomplished by using of a 6F sheath percutaneously in the left common carotid, cerebral protection device (CPD) and a Nitinol stent. The patient was discharged the following day without complications. At 14 months follow-up the patient is functional and independent without recurrence of symptoms. Carotid artery stenting via direct access can be accomplished in patients when the femoral artery approach is anatomically prohibitive. In this case of advanced age and the patient’s refusal for surgery, direct carotid access was his only option.

Long Term Clinical and Angiographic Outcome Following Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty and Stent Placement for Iliac and Femoral Artery Stenosis

Objective This study reportsthe initial and late results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and intravascular stenting for atherosclerotic stenosis of the iliac and femoral arteries. Methods and Results From December 1994 to March 1997, we performed iliac and femoral artery angioplasty and primary intravascular stent placement in 37 vessel of 33 patients (19 men and 14 women; mean age, 70. 5 years). A total of 43 self - expanding Wallstents (Boston, Inc. ) were deployed. All patients underwent angioplasty and stent placement successfully. Clinical follow - up was available for all patients at a mean of 26±14months. All patient clinical is-chemic category (claudication or rest pain) was improved. Angiographic follow - up was completed for 17 of 23 patients at a mean follow-up of 10±5 months, The iliac artery restenosis rate was 0(0/8). The femoral artery restenosis rate was 33 % (3/9), All 3 patients underwent repeat balloon angioplasty successfully. Conclusion The iliac and femoral arteries can be performed and reasonable early and late patency rates.

Percutaneous transluminal stenting in patients with carotid artery stenosis

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of percutaneous transluminal stenting for patients with carotid artery stenosis.Methods Selective percutaneous transluminal stenting was performed for patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis(luminal narrowing ≥ 70%).Success rates and complications associated with the procedures were observed.During six months of follow-up,both recurrent symptom and restenosis rates were recorded.Results There were 17 bifurcating lesions among 27 stenoses in 26 patients,of whom 18 had concomitant coronary artery diseases.The acute procedural success rate was 96.3%(26/27),and the degree of stenosis was reduced from 88.6% ± 8.9%(range 70 - 100)to 0.4% ± 2.0%(range 0 - 10).Six patients developed severe bradycardia and hypotension,and 3 experienced transient loss of consciousness during balloon dilatation.During hospitalization,2 patients experienced loss of consciousness and convulsion,respectively,due to hyperperfusion,and both recovered 12 hours later.There were 2 minor stroke cases (7.4%)but no cases of major stroke or death.At the 6-month follow-up,there were no cases of TIA or new onset of stroke.There was no restenosis detected in 16 cases using angiography and in 10 cases using MRI in 6 to 16 months of follow-up.Conclusions Percutaneous transluminal stenting for patients with carotid artery stenosis has a high procedural success rate with few and acceptable complications.Few patients suffered from recurrent symptoms or showed restenosis in long-term follow-up.

Retrospective analysis of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary stenting

Objective To examine long term efficacy of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA),coronary stenting and to assess the factors affecting its efficacy Methods A total of 790 patients who underwent successful PTCA and PTCA+stent in this hospital were followed by direct interview or letter The rate of follow up was 84 2% and the period of follow up was 0 9-12 7 (3 5±2 4) years Results During follow up, 4 (0 5%) patients died, 22 (2 8%) had nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, 10 (1 3%) had coronary artery bypass surgery, and 98 (12 4%) had repeat PTCA The rate of recurrent angina pectoris was 31 1% The cardiac event free survival rate calculated by the Kaplan Meier method was 88 2% at 1 year and 80 6% at 12 7 years Cox regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between AMI history, stent implantation and the risk of cardiac events, and there was a negative correlation between the number of diseased arteries and the risk of cardiac events Compared to the PTCA group, patients with PTCA+stent had significantly lower rates of total cardiac events Conclusion The long term efficacy of PTCA, especially PTCA + stent in Chinese patients was very satisfactory, suggesting that PTCA+stent therapy should be the major treatment for revascularization in patients with coronary heart disease

Dynamic changes of renal cortical blood perfusion before and after percutaneous transluminal renal artery stenting in patients with severe atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis

Background:This study aims to observe the dynamic changes of renal artery(RA)disease and cortical blood perfusion(CBP)evaluated by contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)after percutaneous transluminal renal artery stenting(PTRAS)in patients with severe atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis(ARAS)and to analyze the relationship between CBP and prognosis.Methods:This was a single-center retrospective cohort study.A total of 98 patients with unilateral severe ARAS after successful PTRAS in Beijing Hospital from September 2017 to September 2020 were included.According to renal glomerular filtration rate(GFR)detected by radionuclide imaging at 12 months after PTRAS,all patients were divided into the poor prognosis group(n=21,GFR decreased by≥20%compared with baseline)and the control group(n=77,GFR decreased by<20%or improved compared with baseline).Renal artery stenosis was diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography,and renal CBP was evaluated by CEUS using TomTec Imaging Systems(Germany)before PTRAS,at 6 months and 12 months after discharge.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve with area under the curve(AUC)was used to analyze the predictive value of CBP parameters,including area under ascending curve(AUC1),area under the descending curve(AUC2),rising time(RT),time to peak intensity(TTP),maximum intensity(IMAX),and mean transit time(MTT)for poor prognosis.Results:Among the 98 patients,there were 52 males(53.1%),aged 55–74 years old,with an average age of 62.1±8.7 years,and an average artery stenosis of 82.3±12.9%.The poor prognosis group was associated with significantly increased incidence of diabetes(76.2%vs.41.6%),and lower levels of GFR of the stenotic kidney(21.8 mL/min vs.25.0 mL/min)and total GFR(57.6 mL/min vs.63.7 mL/min)(all P<0.05),compared with the control group(P<0.05).In addition,the rate of RA restenosis was significantly higher in the poor prognosis group than in the control group(9.5%vs.0,χ^(2)=9.462,P=0.002).Compared with the control group,the poor prognosis group was associated with significantly decreased baseline AUC1 and AUC2,and extended duration of TTP and MTT(P<0.05).At 6 months and 12 months of follow-up,patients in the control group were associated with markedly increased AUC1,AUC2,and IMAX,and shorter duration of RT and MTT(P<0.05).The ROC curve showed that the predictive values of AUC1,AUC2,RT,TTP,IMAX,and MTT for poor prognosis were 0.812(95%CI:0.698–0.945),0.752(95%CI:0.591–0.957),0.724(95%CI:0.569–0.961),0.720(95%CI:0.522–0.993),0.693(95%CI:0.507–0.947),and 0.786(95%CI:0.631–0.979),respectively.Conclusions:Preoperative renal CBP in severe ARAS patients with poor prognosis is significantly reduced,and does not show significant improvement after stent treatment over the first year of follow-up.The parameter AUC1 may be a good predictor for renal dysfunction after PTRAS in severe ARAS patients.Trial Registration:ChiCTR.org.cn,ChiCTR1800016252.

Clinical Study of PTAS Therapy for Patients with Ischemia Cerebrovascular Disease Caused by Artery Stenosis

The curative efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting（PTAS） in the treatment of patients with ischemia cerebrovascular disease caused by artery stenosis was explored.The clinical data of 111 patients with ischemia cerebrovascular disease receiving PTAS in Guangdong Province General Hospital from Aug.2007 to Nov.2009 were retrospectively analyzed.In total 132 stents were implanted in the 111 patients.The mortality and rate of neural and non-neural complications were assessed perioperatively.Outcomes [including the frequency of transient ischemic attack（TIA）,stroke,or death from vascular diseases） were assessed after operation.NIHSS rating was performed in all cases before and at first week,6th month and 12th month after the operation.The PTAS success rate was 100%.The degree of stenosis was reduced after PTAS.The total complication rate during perioperative period was 15.3%（the rate of neural complications was 3.6%）.Sixty-seven patients were followed up.Three patients（4.48%） developed cerebrovascular events within 1 month,containing one case of TIA,one case of ipsilateral mild stroke and one case of contralateral mild stroke.No severe stroke or death was observed.During a follow-up period of 12 months 7 patients had cerebrovascular events（10.44%）,including 2 cases of ipsilateral TIA（2.99%）,2 cases of ipsilateral mild stroke and 2 cases of contralateral mild stroke（2.99%）,one case of severe stroke（1.49%）.In 13 patients receiving DSA re-examination one year after PTAS,2 patients（15.38%） had in-stent restenosis.NIHSS scores were obviously decreased during a follow-up period as compared with those pre-operation（P〈0.05）.It was concluded that PTAS could significantly alleviate the neural function deficit of the patients with ischemia cerebrovascular disease.The success rate of PTAS was high,and the rate of complications was lower and the clinical outcomes were satisfactory.PTAS is a safe and effective therapeutic method,though the long-term outcomes need further study.

Long-term follow-up study of elderly patients with covered stent implantation after coronary perforation

ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term efficacy of covered stent implantation in the treatment of elderly patients with coronary perforation while undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）.MethodsFrom June 2004 to June 2012, our center has followed ten elderly patients （age≥ 60 years） who sustained coronary perforation during PCI. The major adverse cardiac events （MACE） were observed as well. The patients were advised to take 75 mg/day Clopidogrel for two years, and indefinite use of 100 mg/day enteric-coated aspirin.ResultsSix out of the 10 patients aged from 60 to 76 years old （mean 68.6 ± 5.2 years） were male, four were female. The average diameter of the implanted stents was 3.3 ± 0.3 mm, and the average length was 22.1 ± 3.7 mm. All the ruptures were successfully sealed without intra-procedural death. The follow-up duration ranged from 0.6 to 67 months （mean 31.7 ± 24.5 months）. One patient died of multiple organ failure due to lung infection in 19 days after PCI; one died of cardiac sudden death in 13 months after PCI; one had angina pectoris in 53 months after PCI; one underwent multi-slice CT examination in six months after PCI, and no in-stent restenosis was found. The other four patients received angiography follow-up, and the results showed that three patients had no intra-stent restenosis, while one had left anterior descending （LAD） restenosis in the covered stent in 67 months after PCI. The in-hospital mortality was 10% （1/10）. The MACE rate in 12 months after PCI was 10% （1/10）. During the entire followed-up period, the restenosis rate in target vessels was 20% （1/5）, mortality was 20% （2/10）, and the MACE rate was 40% （4/10）.ConclusionTreatment of coronary perforation by using covered stents can achieve favorable long-term results; a two-year dual antiplatelet therapy （DAPT） after PCI can effectively prevent intra-stent thrombosis.

Percutaneous renal artery angioplasty and stenting for pulmonary edema caused by Takayasu's arteritis:A case report

Takayasu arteritis （TA） commonly occurs in woman younger than 50 years old and can manifest as isolated, atypical and/or catas- trophic disease. The disease can implicate in any or all of the major organs I As a chronic relapsing and remitting disorder, the overall 10-year survival rate is approximately 90%; however, this rate is reduced in the presence of major complications. The overall mortality rate of TA depends on the severity of the le- sions and involved organs.

SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF CORONARY ARTERY PERFORATION WITH EMERGENCY INTRACORONARY COATED STENT IMPLANTATION

Coronary artery perforation is a rare but catatrophic complication of percutaneous coronary intervention.We report a case of type Ⅲ coronary artery perforation following stenting at calcified mid-segment of left anterior descending artery.The perforation was successfully covered using a PTFE-coated stent with an excellent clinical and angiographic outcomes.

Dissecting Sub-epicardial Hematoma Due to Coronary Perforation and Non-developing Stent

We report a 65-year-old man who presented with anastomotic perforation of the distal right coronary artery due to stent deployment, complicated by a small and stable dissecting sub-epicardial hematoma, and non-developing stent. The cause was unknown.

Clinical outcome of patients with left anterior descending artery ostial lesions treated with percutaneous coronary intervention; case-matched comparison with bypass surgery

Objective To assess the immediate and late clinical outcome of left anterior descending artery ostial lesions treated with percutaneous coronary intervention.Methods Seventeen patients (6 females and 11 males) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention for ostial left anterior descending artery stenoses have had clinical follow-ups over 12 months. Clinical events were defined as an occurrence of death, myocardial infarction, recurrent angina, and reguiring repeat revascularization (either by angioplasty or by surgery). A matched population treated with coronary bypass surgery was selected based on the similarities in age, left ventricular ejection fraction and the number of diseased vessels. Kaplan-Meier event-free survival curves were generated and the matched comparison was done using the Chi-square test (Mc Neimar method).Results In the catheter-based angioplasty group, the patients' mean age was 63 ? years. One patient was treated with directional atherectomy plus balloon, 6 with rotational atherectomy plus balloon, 7 with stent and 3 with rotational atherectomy plus stent. Glycoprotein Ⅱ b/ Ⅲ a antagonist was used in 4 cases. Initial procedural success without major complications was achieved in all cases. The mean reference diameter was 2. 90±0. 48 mm. The minimum lumen diameter increased from 1. 05±0. 30 mm to 2.40±0. 45 mm, and the diameter stenosis decreased from 64%±7% to 8%±13%. During the follow-up period, adverse events reguiring repeat revascularization occurred in 8 patients. The event-free probability was 0.42±0.14 in a two-year period. In a matched population treated with bypass surgery (single mammary graft), only one event occurred, and the difference in event-free survival in two-year period between the two patient groups was significant.Conclusions Percutaneous coronary intervention for left coronary descending artery ostial lesion is technically feasible and safe, leading to an optimal early success rate, but has a higher risk of late restenosis and greater need for repeat revascularization than coronary bypass surgery.

Prognostic implications of creatine kinase-MB elevation after percutaneous coronary intervention results from the evaluation of drug-eluting stents and ischemic events (EVENT) registry

Background Creatine kinase-MB （CK-MB） elevation after been associated with increased risk for mortality. Although most infarction （pMI） as an elevation in CK-MB 〉 3 × upper limit of and variation in site-specific definitions of the ULN may limit the percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） has studies have defined periprocedural myocardial normal （ULN）, use of different CK-MB assays value of such relative thresholds.

Intracoronary stent implantation under intracoronary ultrasound guidance with aspirin and ticlopidine therapy

Objective To observe the immediate angiographic and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) results and their effects on one month clinical outcomes in forty one patients who submitted to coronary stent deployment with IVUS guidance Methods All patients were allocated to coronary stent implantation with high inflation pressure After good angiographic results (<20% residual stenosis), all patients underwent IVUS and higher pressure dilatation would be necessary if criteria for optimal coronary stent implantation were not met The optimal criterion of IVUS for stent implantation was the ratio of intrastent lumen cross sectional area to the average of the proximal and distal reference lumen cross sectional areas ≥80% All patients had aspirin and ticlopidine therapy on the day of angioplasty and during the one month follow up period Results Optimal criteria of IVUS were obtained without any further intrastent dilatation in twenty five patients but intrastent higher pressure dilatation was performed in fourteen patients whose ultrasound results did not reach the criteria In these patients, we increased the minimal intrastent lumen area 25 7% ( P <0 05) Thirty five patients (90%) had good minimal intrastent lumen area of IVUS There were no deaths, myocardial infarction, acute stent thrombosis or need for revascularization during the study and the one month follow up Conclusions Intracoronary stent deployment under IVUS guidance, including combining aspirin and ticlopidine therapy, had beneficial ultrasound results and good clinical outcomes after one month follow up

Comparison of in-hospital and long-term outcomes between a Cypher stent and a Taxus stent in Chinese diabetic patients with coronary artery disease

Background The sirolimus and paclitaxel distribution patterns and tissue residence time may be modified in atherosclerotic lesions for patients with diabetes, and the biological mechanisms of action for these agents differ significantly. Previous clinical trials have yielded discrepant results of major adverse cardiac events and restenosis between a sirolimus-eluting stent and a paclitaxel-eluting stent in coronary artery disease. Therefore, this study was conduced to compare in-hospital and long-term clinical outcomes between patients receiving sirolimus-eluting stent （Cypher or Cypher Select stent） and paclitaxel-eluting stent （Taxus Express stent） after percutaneous intervention （PCI） in Chinese patients with diabetes. Methods One hundred and sixty-four consecutive diabetic patients underwent PCI in Fuwai Hospital from April 2004 to December 2004. Of them, 101 patients received Cypher or Cypher Select stents （Cypher group, 145 stents） and 63 patients received Taxus Express stents （Taxus group, 129 stents）. Repeat coronary angiography was performed at 6-month and clinical outcomes were evaluated at 1- and 3-year follow-up. Stent thrombosis was classified according to Academic Research Consortium （ARC）. Results The two groups did not differ significantly with respect to cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction （re-MI）, target vessel revascularization （TVR） and occurrence of major adverse cardiac events （MACE）. And the MACE-free cumulative survival at 1- and 3-year follow-up and early, late and very late thrombosis rates were also similar in the two groups （all P〉0.05）. There was a trend favoring PES over SES with regard to reducing cardiac death （0 vs 2.0%, P=-0.524）, re-MI （0 vs 2.0%, P=-0.524）, the composite of the cardiac death and re-MI （0 vs 4.0%, P=-0.299） and very late thrombosis （0 vs 3.0%, P=-0.295） between 1-year and 3-year follow-up. Conclusion The study indicates that PCI with either Cypher or Taxus stents is associated with similar efficacy and safety in the small population of Chinese diabetic patients during long-term follow-up.