Synthesis of new EVA graft copolymer and its pour point depressant performance evaluation for Daqing crude oil

EVA was widely used as the pour point depressant for waxy oil.In order to improve its effect,some graft copolymerization methods should be used to modify EVA's property.EVA has long side chains and nitrogen polar groups to enforce its adaptability and effect of waxy oil.The pure amine,maleicanhydride and their reaction product were tested using infrared spectra and the NMR spectral.The results show that when the modified EVA is added into oil,the wax deposits not only on the main chain but also on the side chains.And the polar groups have the function to avoid and resist the wax crystals connection each other to form the net.Using the reaction product of maleicanhydride and high carbonic amine(C12,C16,C18 amine) as the graft component,the toluene as the solvent and BPO as the initiator,the series of new EVA graft copolymer with special side chains are prepared under controlled condition.A series of cylmaleimide exist indeed in modified EVA and the highest grafted percentage is 18.8%.EVA-16,the new graft copolymer,is better than EVA about 3 ℃ more in depressant the pour-point of Daqing waxy crude oil.

Comprehensive review and performance evaluation of maximum power point tracking algorithms for photovoltaic system

A photovoltaic array is environmentally friendly and a source of unlimited energy generation.However,it is presently a costlier energy generation system than other non-renewable energy sources.The main reasons are seasonal variations and continuously changing weather conditions,which affect the amount of solar energy received by the solar panels.In addition,the non-linear characteristics of the voltage and current outputs along with the operating environment temperature and variation in the solar radiation decrease the energy conversion capability of the photovoltaic arrays.To address this problem,the global maxima of the PV arrays can be tracked using a maximum power point tracking algorithm(MPPT)and the operating point of the photovoltaic system can be forced to its optimum value.This technique increases the efficiency of the photovoltaic array and minimizes the cost of the system by reducing the number of solar modules required to obtain the desired power.However,the tracking algorithms are not equally effective in all areas of application.Therefore,selecting the correct MPPT is very critical.This paper presents a detailed review and comparison of the MPPT techniques for photovoltaic systems,with consideration of the following key parameters:photovoltaic array dependence,type of system(analog or digital),need for periodic tuning,convergence speed,complexity of the system,global maxima,implemented capacity,and sensed parameter(s).In addition,based on real meteorological data(irradiance and temperature at a site located in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia),a simulation is performed to evaluate the performance of tracking algorithms suitable for the application being studied.Finally,the study clearly validates the considerable energy saving achieved by using these algorithms.

Supercritical CO_(2) Cycles for Nuclear-Powered Marine Propulsion:Preliminary Conceptual Design and Off-Design Performance Assessment

Using the efficient,space-saving,and flexible supercritical carbon dioxide(sCO_(2)) Brayton cycle is a promising approach for improving the performance of nuclear-powered ships.The purpose of this paper is to design and compare sCO_(2) cycle power systems suitable for nuclear-powered ships.Considering the characteristics of nuclear-powered ships,this paper uses different indicators to comprehensively evaluate the efficiency,cost,volume,and partial load performance of several nuclear-powered sCO_(2) cycles.Four load-following strategies are also designed and compared.The results show that the partial cooling cycle is most suitable for nuclear-powered ships because it offers both high thermal efficiency and low volume and cost,and can maintain relatively high thermal efficiency at partial loads.Additionally,the new load-following strategy that adjusts the turbine speed can keep the compressor away from the surge line,making the cycle more flexible and efficient compared to traditional inventory and turbine bypass strategies.

Comprehensive, in operando, and correlative investigation of defects and their impact on device performance

Despite the long history of research that has focused on the role of defects on device performance, the studies have not always been fruitful. A major reason is because these defect studies have typically been conducted in a parallel mode wherein the semiconductor wafer was divided into multiple pieces for separate optical and structural characterization, as well as device fabrication and evaluation. The major limitation of this approach was that either the defect being investigated by structural characterization techniques was not the same defect that was affecting the device performance or else the defect was not characterized under normal device operating conditions. In this review, we describe a more comprehensive approach to defect study, namely a series mode, using an array of spatially-resolved optical, electrical, and structural characterization techniques, all at the individual defect level but applied sequentially on a fabricated device. This novel sequential approach enables definitive answers to key questions, such as:(ⅰ) how do individual defects affect device performance?(ⅱ) how does the impact depend on the device operation conditions?(ⅲ) how does the impact vary from one defect to another? Implementation of this different approach is illustrated by the study of individual threading dislocation defects in GaAs solar cells. Additionally,we briefly describe a 3-D Raman thermometry method that can also be used for investigating the roles of defects in high power devices and device failure mechanisms.

Enabling Extraordinary Rate Performance for Poorly Conductive Oxide Pseudocapacitors

Pseudocapacitive transition metal oxides(PTMOs)have the advantages of high areal capacitance and material density suitable for high-energy supercapacitor devices,but they are typically marred by insufficient rate performance,which in turn deteriorates cyclic stability at high current levels.Using the example of spinel manganese oxide,herein we demonstrate that a pseudocapacitive oxide electrode of remarkable rate performance and cyclic stability may be realized by adopting oxide nanocrystallites,which are derived based on a novel solution chemistry,and carbon additive(CA)nanoparticles with highly uniform of size distributions.Precisely controlling the particle morphology and size distribution of the active material and conductive additive(CA)in the nanometer range can maximize the density of active material-CA-electrolyte three-phase contact points,thus facilitating synchronized electron and cation flow for the completion of surface faradaic reactions.The resultant Mn3O4 pseudocapacitive electrode exhibits rate capability and cycle stability,including 60%capacity retention at 60 A g-1 and no capacity fade over 100000 cycles under dynamic current densities,far superior to the state-of-the-art PTMO electrodes.The electrode design strategy is in general applicable to pseudocapacitors containing poorly conductive active materials.

Computational Analysis of Performance for Heterogeneous Integrated System with Test Automation

Heterogeneity is inevitable in enterprises due to their various input requirements. The usage of proprietary integration products results in the increased cost of enterprises. During the integration, the focus area has been found to often address only the functional requirements, while the non-functional requirements are side-stepped during the initial stages of a project. Moreover, the use of proprietary integration products and non-standards-based integration platform has given rise to an inflexible integration infrastructure resulting in adaptability concerns. Web services-based integration, based on open standards, is deemed to be the only feasible solution in such cases. This paper explains the performance analysis of enterprise integration in heterogeneous environments for the distributed and the transactional applications. The analysis presented in this paper is seen as a step towards making intelligent decisions well in advance when choosing the integration mechanism/products to address the functional as well as the non-functional requirements considering the future integration needs.

An Approach to Developing a Performance Test Based on the Tradeoffs from SW Architectures

In a performance test, the standards for assessing its test results are not sufficiently determined due to the lack of a well-structured test developing methods which are found in a functionality test. By extending the established workflow structure, this approach will concentrate on tradeoffs within T-workflow and further develop tests based on T-workflow. The monitoring and tuning point have also been investigated to understand the validity and performance of software. Finally through a case study, it has been shown that better assessment of software performance can be obtained with the suggested tests developed based on T-workflow and by locating its monitoring point and tuning point.

Performance Based Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Building

In past two decades earthquake disasters in the world have shown that significant damage occurred even when the buildings were designed as per the conventional earthquake-resistant design philosophy (force-based approach) exposing the inability of the codes to ensure minimum performance of the structures under design earthquake. The performance based seismic design (PBSD), evaluates how the buildings are likely to perform under a design earthquake. As compared to force-based approach, PBSD provides a methodology for assessing the seismic performance of a building, ensuring life safety and minimum economic losses. The non-linear static procedures also known as pushover analysis are used to analyze the performance of structure under lateral loads. Pushover analysis gives pattern of the plastic hinge formations in structural members along with other structural parameters which directly show the performance of member after an earthquake event. In this paper, a four-storey RC building is modelled and designed as per IS 456:2000 and analyzed for life safety performance level in SAP2000 v17. Analysis is carried out as per ATC 40 to find out storey drift, pushover curve, capacity spectrum curve, performance point and plastic hinges as per FEMA 273 in SAP2000 v17. From the analysis, it is checked that the performance level of the building is as per the assumption.

A Study on the Flexural Performance of UHPC Precast Deck-Joint Interface by the Exposure of Steel Fiber

As a solution against the serviceability problem caused by the cracks occurring at the UHPC precast deck-joint interface, this study proposes a method exposing the steel fiber at the interface and evaluates the corresponding flexural performance of the lap spliced construction joint. After having slowed down the strength development of the concrete placed in the joint of the precast deck by means of a curing retardant, the concrete at the interface is crushed so as to expose the steel fibers and the change in the flexural performance is observed experimentally according to the exposure of the steel fibers. The results show that, even if the ultimate strength and stiffness of the UHPC precast deck including the joint are mostly determined by the arrangement details of the rebar lap splice, the exposure of the steel fibers can secure stable ductile behavior and reduce the width of the cracks generated at the precast deck-joint interface under service load.

Assessing Criteria Weights by the Symmetry Point of Criterion (Novel SPC Method)–Application in the Efficiency Evaluation of the Mineral Deposit Multi-Criteria Partitioning Algorithm

Information about the relative importance of each criterion or theweights of criteria can have a significant influence on the ultimate rank of alternatives.Accordingly,assessing the weights of criteria is a very important task in solving multi-criteria decision-making problems.Three methods are commonly used for assessing the weights of criteria:objective,subjective,and integrated methods.In this study,an objective approach is proposed to assess the weights of criteria,called SPCmethod(Symmetry Point of Criterion).This point enriches the criterion so that it is balanced and easy to implement in the process of the evaluation of its influence on decision-making.The SPC methodology is systematically presented and supported by detailed calculations related to an artificial example.To validate the developed method,we used our numerical example and calculated the weights of criteria by CRITIC,Entropy,Standard Deviation and MEREC methods.Comparative analysis between these methods and the SPC method reveals that the developedmethod is a very reliable objective way to determine the weights of criteria.Additionally,in this study,we proposed the application of SPCmethod to evaluate the efficiency of themulti-criteria partitioning algorithm.The main idea of the evaluation is based on the following fact:the greater the uniformity of the weights of criteria,the higher the efficiency of the partitioning algorithm.The research demonstrates that the SPC method can be applied to solving different multi-criteria problems.

Effect of Swirl Preset Vorticity on Combustion Performance of Lobe Nozzle Combustor Chamber

To improve the combustor performance of multi-point injection combustion,lobe nozzle design was applied to the aero-engine model combustor,by presetting the swirl through a certain twisted angle of the edge of the lobe outlet.Numerical simulation in combination with modelling test is used in this paper.The effects of swirl vorticity presetting onto the vortex structure,the characteristics of combustion temperature field,the combustor exit temperature field quality,the combustion efficiency,and the NOx emissions of multi-point injection combustion chamber are investigated.Compared with the conventional vortex flow at the lobe outlet edge,the results of numerical simulation and water modelling test of the swirl vorticity presetting show that the swirl presetting can efficiently enhance the range and intensity of the lobe-induced vorticities.Besides,it can improve the uniformity of the combustion temperature in the combustor chamber,together with the reduced emissions of the pollutant NOx.Moreover,compared with the conventional lobe nozzle chamber,the swirl vortex presetting can effectively improve its combustion performance.The flow simulation test results demonstrate the fluid vortex structure in the combustion chamber and validate the simulation results.

Theoretical and experimental research on heat transfer performance of the semi-open heat pipe

This paper focuses on the heat transfer performance of semi-open heat pipe which is a new type of heat pipe. After analyzing its condensation heat transfer mechanisms theoretically, several semi-open heat pipes in different length ratios and upper hole diameters are studied experimentally and compared with the same dimensions closed heat pipes. Experimental results show that the heat transfer performance of semi-open heat pipe becomes better by increasing heat transfer rate. At the first transitional point, the heat transfer performance of semi-open heat pipe approaches the level of the closed heat pipe. It is suitable to choose upper small hole about 1 mm in diameter and length ratio larger than 0.6 for the semi-open heat pipe.

即时检测仪器与电化学发光仪检测心脏标志物的对比研究

目的:对比分析两种即时检测(POCT)仪器与Roche电化学发光仪检测心脏标志物的相关关系,为临床检验选择POCT仪器提供参考。方法:选取2020年11月在中国中医科学院西苑医院就诊的20例患者血液样本,其浓度范围覆盖检测结果可报告范围,使用两种POCT仪器(分别命名为仪器A和仪器B)检测血浆肌红蛋白(Myo)、肌酸激酶同工酶质量(CKMB mass)、心肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)/B型钠尿肽(BNP)的浓度水平,以电化学分析仪检测结果为参考,分别采用pearson相关分析和Kappa检验评价两种POCT仪器与Roche电化学发光仪检测结果的相关性和一致性。结果:仪器A和仪器B检测结果与Roche电化学发光仪检测Myo、CK-MB mass、cTnI、NT-proBNP/BNP结果均有较好的相关性(r_(仪器A)=O.994、0.989、0.917、0.996,r_(仪器B)=0.928、0.934、0.883、0.977,P<0.05)。在一致性比较中,仪器A检测Myo、CK-MB mass、cTnI、NT-proBNP与电化学分析仪的符合率分别为90%、100%、70%和100%;仪器B检测结果的符合率分别为90%、95%、70%和100%,两种POCT仪器与Roche电化学发光仪均具有较好的一致性(Kappa_(仪器A)=0.798、1.00、0.429、1.00,Kappa_(仪器B)=0.794、0.886、0.429、1.00)。两种仪器的精密度均<10%。结论:两种POCT仪器均能满足临床检测要求,在检测心脏标志物时与电化学发光仪有较好的相关性。

火灾下LYP160屈曲约束支撑抗震性能研究

为研究屈曲约束支撑(buckling-restrained brace,BRB)及其体系在高温工况的抗震性能,对BRB芯材低屈服点LYP160钢材分别进行了常温和高温材料力学性能试验.通过与试验结果比较,建立了BRB热-力耦合精细化有限元分析模型,验证了该模型的准确性;对火灾下LYP160屈曲约束支撑的温度场、滞回曲线、骨架曲线和耗能能力等性能进行了对比分析;对不同工况(3种火灾工况和常温工况)下8层配置屈曲约束支撑钢框架(BRB structure,BS)和原结构(original structure,OS)分别进行了弹塑性动力时程分析.研究结果表明:3种火灾工况下BS的平均层间位移角较于OS分别降低了30.4%、33.2%和42%;OS柱塑性铰损坏严重,且更多出现在柱上,BS整体损坏程度较OS轻,更为安全可靠.

LYP225低屈服点钢哑铃形钢棒阻尼器剪切性能试验研究

该文结合带平直段的双圆锥阻尼器和低屈服点钢材的特性,设计了LYP225低屈服点钢哑铃形钢棒阻尼器(LY225-WDP),该阻尼器具有屈服位移小、延性高、耗能能力稳定的特点。利用低屈服点钢LYP225设计了7个不同构造参数的LY225-WDP试件,并对其进行低周往复循环荷载试验,研究阻尼器在循环剪切变形下的滞回与耗能能力,以及不同设计参数对阻尼器力学性能的影响。结果表明:在循环剪切变形下,LY225-WDP的变形特点主要表现为弯曲变形,破坏模式属于低周疲劳破坏;阻尼器的滞回曲线饱满,稳定性良好,在整个加载过程中,表现出明显的强化现象,延性系数在8.50~10.04,超强系数在2.09~2.79;阻尼器的弹性刚度及承载力在耗能段内径及长度一定时与内缩率呈正相关,在耗能段外径及长度一定时与内缩率呈负相关;阻尼器的耗能能力随着平直段长度的增加而明显提升;对LY225-WDP建立了弹性刚度及屈服承载力计算公式,试验数据验证了公式的准确性,可为LY225-WDP的设计提供参考。

论合同履行请求权普通诉讼时效期间的起算时点

与对诉讼时效制度的程序法理解和实体法理解相应,普通诉讼时效期间起算客观时点的确定方法有权利被侵害与请求权可行使之别,但在各自的理论脉络下两种确定方法的实质均为权利可行使。权利被侵害的确定方法无法适用于合同履行请求权,《中华人民共和国民法典》第一百八十九条、第六百九十四条第一款和《最高人民法院关于审理民事案件适用诉讼时效制度若干问题的规定》第四条第一分句采纳了请求权可行使的确定方法。《最高人民法院关于审理民事案件适用诉讼时效制度若干问题的规定》第四条第二分句与《中华人民共和国民法典》第一百八十九条的规定相悖,属于司法解释的败笔。具有行为请求权性质的履行请求权普通诉讼时效期间自权利人主张权利时起算,但代偿请求权具有不当得利的性质,应适用不当得利债权的起算规则。继续履行请求权属于履行请求权的延续,不存在独立的诉讼时效期间。作为次请求权的损害赔偿请求权不受履行请求权诉讼时效期间的规制,存在自己独立的普通诉讼时效期间起算时点。我国民事立法关于普通诉讼时效期间起算时点的规定呈现出二元结构,体系化不足。

基于多尺度时空特征和篡改概率改善换脸检测的跨库性能

目前大多DeepFake换脸检测算法过于依赖局部特征,尽管库内检测性能尚佳,但容易出现过拟合,导致跨库检测性能不理想,即泛化性能不够好。有鉴于此,文中提出一种基于多尺度时空特征和篡改概率的换脸视频检测算法,目的是利用假脸视频中广泛存在的帧间时域不连续性缺陷来解决现有检测算法在跨库、跨伪造方式和视频压缩时性能明显下降的问题,改善泛化检测能力。该算法包括3个模块:为检测假脸视频在时域上留下的不连续痕迹,设计了一个多尺度时空特征提取模块;为自适应计算多尺度时空特征之间的时空域关联性,设计了一个三维双注意力机制模块;为预测随机选取的像素点的篡改概率和构造监督掩膜,设计了一个辅助监督模块。将所提出的算法在FF++、DFD、DFDC、CDF等公开大型标准数据库中进行实验,并与基线算法和近期发布的同类算法进行对比。结果显示:文中算法在保持库内平均检测性能优良的同时,跨库检测和抗视频压缩时的综合性能最好,跨伪造方法检测时的综合性能中等偏上。实验结果验证了文中算法的有效性。

LYP225低屈服点钢锥形钢棒阻尼器剪切力学性能研究

为了研究LYP225低屈服点钢锥形钢棒阻尼器(low yield point-web hourglass pin, LYP-WHP)在剪切荷载作用下的滞回性能与疲劳性能,对两个LYP-WHP试件分别进行了滞回加载与疲劳加载试验。基于试验结果,采用混合强化本构模型,通过ABAQUS软件建立了12个LYP-WHP的足尺精细化数值模型,分别以阻尼器的内径、外径和耗能段长度为参数,研究以上参数对LYP-WHP在剪切荷载作用下LYP-WHP滞回性能的影响规律,推导了LYP-WHP的弹性刚度计算公式,并给出了初步确定LYP-WHP屈服力与屈服位移的方法,基于试验与数值分析结果,得到了LYP-WHP屈服后的刚度折减系数建议值。研究结果表明:在剪切位移下,LYP-WHP具有良好的滞回性能与疲劳性能;增大外径和内径可明显提高LYP-WHP的承载力、刚度和耗能能力,增大耗能段长度则会降低LYP-WHP的承载力、刚度和耗能能力;增大内径、外径使材料的利用率先增大后减小,增大耗能段长度则基本无影响;推导的LYP-WHP弹性刚度计算式可以较为准确地计算LYP-WHP的弹性刚度;基于该研究的分析结果,建议LYP-WHP的内径与外径比值取0.375~0.625,屈服后的刚度折减系数取0.11,得到了理论骨架曲线的计算式。

高原地区四点源诱偏系统抗ARM防护性能仿真分析

针对传统反辐射导弹(ARM)攻击仿真模型难以评价高原复杂地形下雷达诱饵的防护效能问题,对传统雷达诱饵诱偏模型进行了改进.首先建立了ARM攻击有源诱偏系统的运动模型,分析了有源诱偏系统对ARM的影响;然后在此基础上,模拟仿真了高原条件下最佳四点源诱偏系统分布模型的抗毁效能.仿真结果表明,通过增大各辐射源高度差可以有效弥补因间距缩短导致的防护概率下降的问题;利用前三角形布站形式,当各辐射源部署间距为100m和高度差为60m时,雷达的防护概率可以达到99.1%,基本满足雷达有源诱偏系统对雷达的防护要求.

量化积分绩效分配模式在消毒供应中心工勤人员中的应用研究

目的探讨量化积分在消毒供应中心工勤人员绩效分配中的应用效果,为消毒供应中心提供一种有效的绩效分配方法。方法采用前-后对照研究方法,选取2020年1月至12月本院消毒供应中心绩效分配模式为对照组,选取2021年1月至12月本院消毒供应中心绩效分配模式为试验组。对照组采用按工勤人员工龄绩效分配模式,试验组采用量化积分绩效分配模式,即从技术层级、工作质量、工作效率、工作量方面实施量化绩效分配模式。比较改进前后两组工勤人员工作效率、工作质量缺陷发生率(包装器械缺失、器械种类错误、包装标识错误、收送物品错误、信息系统操作错误)、临床科室满意度情况。结果实施量化积分绩效分配模式后,试验组工勤人员工作效率和临床科室满意度均高于对照组,工作缺陷发生率低于对照组,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论量化积分绩效分配模式在消毒供应中心工勤人员中的应用,能够提高工勤人员的工作能动性,提高工作效率和工作质量。