Ozone Emitted During Copying Process-A Potential Cause of Pathological Oxidative Stress and Potential Oxidative Damage in the Bodies of Operators

To estimate the impact of copying on the indoor air quality, and to investigate whether ozone emitted during such a process induces pathological oxidative stress and potential oxidative damage in the bodies of operators. Methods 67 copying operators (CO) and 67 healthy volunteers (HV) were enrolled in a random control study, in which levels of lipoperoxide (LPO) in plasma and erythrocytes, and levels of vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and b-carotene (b-CAR) in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocytes were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Results Compared with the HV group, the average values of LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the CO group were significantly increased (P<0.0001), while those of VC, VE and b-CAR in plasma as well as those of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the CO group were significantly decreased (P<0.0001). Pearson product-moment correlation analysis showed that with increase of ozone level in copying sites and duration of exposure to ozone, the values of LPO in plasma and erythrocytes in the bodies of operators were gradually increased,while those of VC, VE, b-CAR, SOD, CAT and GPX were decreased in the same manner. Odds ratio (OR) of risk of biochemical parameters reflecting potential oxidative damage of the copying operators ranged from 4.440 to 13.516, and 95 % CI of OR was from 2.113 to 34.061. Reliability coefficient () of the biochemical parameters used to reflect the potential oxidative damage of the operators was 0.8156, standardized item =0.9929, P<0.0001. Conclusion Findings in the present study suggest that there exist a series of free radical chain reactions and pathological oxidative stress induced by high dose ozone in the operators, thereby causing potential oxidative and lipoperoxidative damages in their bodies.

Oxidative Stress before and after Operation in Patients with Chronic Cholecystitis Containing Gallstone

To study the relationship of oxidative, antioxidative constituents and antioxidases in blood with chronic cholecystitis containing gallstone, levels of lipoperoxides (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), vitamin C(VC), vitamin E (VE) and β carotene (β CAR) in plasma as well as level of LPO, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) in erythrocytes were investigated by spectrophotometric assay in 107 patients with this condition (PCg) and 100 healthy volunteers (HVs). Compared with HVs group, the average value of LPO and NO in plasma and that of LPO in erythrocytes of PCg group were significantly increased ( P <0.0001), while that of VC, VE and β CAR in plasma and the average activities of SOD, CAT and GSH Px in erythrocytes were significantly decreased ( P <0.0001). Linear regression and correlation analysis for 107 preoperative PCg showed that the value of LPO and NO in plasma and that of LPO in erythrocytes of PCg gradually increased ( P <0.0001), representing a significant linear positive correlation. The value of VC, VE and β CAR in plasma and that of SOD, CAT and GSH Px in erythrocytes of PCg gradually decreased ( P <0.0001), representing a significant linear negative correlation. Stepwise regression and correlation analysis for 107 preoperative PCg suggested that the closest correlation was observed between the course of disease and the value of NO and VC in plasma and that of SOD, GSH Px and LPO in erythrocytes, r =0.7306, F =32.1408, P <0.0001. Compared with the preoperative PCg group, the average value of LPO and NO in plasma and that of LPO in erythrocytes of the postoperative PCg group were significantly decreased ( P <0.0001). Furthermore, the average value of VC in plasma and that of SOD, CAT and GSH Px in erythrocytes of the postoperative PCg group were significantly increased ( P <0.0001), whereas no significant difference was found between their average value of VE and β CAR in plasma. These findings suggested that oxidative stress was an aggravating pathological condition in PCg group. Therefore, we recommend that in treating PCg, antioxidants such as VC, VE, β CAR should be given in order to alleviate their potential oxidative damages.

Structural Stress Monitoring and FEM Analysis of the Cutting Operation of the Main Bracket of A Semi-Submersible Platform

For a semi-submersible platform in repair, the eight old main brackets which connect columns with pontoons need to be replaced by new ones. In order to ensure the safety of the cutting operation of the old main bracket and calculate the initial stress condition of new main bracket, the structural stress monitoring of eight key spots is carried out, and then the calibrated finite element model is established according to the field monitoring results. Before cutting the main bracket and all associated structures, eight rectangular rosettes were installed, and a tailored cutting scheme was proposed to release the initial stress, in which the main bracket and associated column and pontoon plates were partly cut. During the cutting procedure, the strains of the monitoring spots were measured, and then the structural stress of the monitored spots were obtained. The stress variation characteristics at different spots during the initial cutting operation were shown and the initial stress condition of the monitored spots was figured out. The loading and support conditions of the semi-submersible platform were calibrated based on the measured initial stress condition, which made the finite element model more credible. The stress condition with the main bracket and associated structures being entirely cut out is analyzed by the Finite Element Method (FEM), which demonstrates the cutting operation to be safe and feasible. In addition, the calibrated finite element model can be used to calculate the initial stress condition of the new main bracket, which will be very helpful for the long-term stress monitoring on the main bracket.

Discrete Stress-strength Interference Model of Reliability Analysis under Multi-operating Conditions

The conventional stress-strength interference（SSI） model is a basic model for reliability analysis of mechanical components. In this model, the component reliability is defined as the probability of the strength being larger than the stress, where the component stress is generally represented by a single random variable（RV）. But for a component under multi-operating conditions, its reliability can not be calculated directly by using the SSI model. The problem arises from that the stress on a component under multi-operating conditions can not be described by a single RV properly. Current research concerning the SSI model mainly focuses on the calculation of the static or dynamic reliability of the component under single operation condition. To evaluate the component reliability under multi-operating conditions, this paper uses multiple discrete RVs based on the actual stress range of the component firstly. These discrete RVs have identical possible values and different corresponding probability value, which are used to represent the multi-operating conditions of the component. Then the component reliability under each operating condition is calculated, respectively, by employing the discrete SSI model and the universal generating function technique, and from this the discrete SSI model under multi-operating conditions is proposed. Finally the proposed model is applied to evaluate the reliability of a transmission component of the decelerator installed in an aeroengine. The reliability of this component during taking-off, cruising and landing phases of an aircraft are calculated, respectively. With this model, a basic method for reliability analysis of the component under complex load condition is provided, and the application range of the conventional SSI model is extended.

Influence of different anesthesia methods on stress reaction and hemodynamics for elderly orthopedics patients during operations

Objective:To study the influence of general anesthesia, epidural anesthesia and combined spinal and epidural anesthesia method on stress reaction and hemodynamics for elderly orthopedics patients during operations.Methods: A total of 90 cases of elder patients who received orthopedic operations were randomly divided to group A, B and C, with 30 cases per group. Three groups of patients were separately given by general anesthesia, epidural anesthesia and combined spinal and epidural anesthesia for operations;The variations of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), Cortisol (Cor),β-endorphin (β-EP), Angiotensin-Ⅱ(Ang-Ⅱ), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (SBP, DBP) on patients in three groups before anesthesia (T0), during skin incision (T1), after skin incision (T2) and extubation after operation (T3) were compared and analyzed.Results:During T1, T2, ACTH, Cor,β-EP and Ang-Ⅱlevels in 3 groups of patients were significantly higher than those during T0;SBP and DBP were significantly lower than that during T0;HR during T2 was significantly lower than that during T0;During T3, every index in 3 groups were recovered to levels close to that during T0;During T1, T2, ACTH, Cor,β-EP, Ang-Ⅱlevels in group B and C were significantly lower than that in group A. And levels in C was lower than that in B;SBP and DBP in group B and C were significantly higher than A. No HR statistical significance appeared between each group.Conclusions: During clinical anesthesia, we should choose suitable anesthesia method combined with actual situations of patients. Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia had a slight influence on hemodynamics of elder orthopedics patients during operation, and it could effectively alleviate stress reaction during operation.

Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Intervention on Stress Response of Nurses with PTSD in Operating Room

Objective: To investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral intervention on nurses with PTSD by using cognitive behavioral intervention. Methods: The subjects were selected by randomized control method, and the PTSD nurses were divided into control group (n = 30) and intervention group (n = 30). The intervention group used cognitive behavioral intervention;the control group did not use cognitive behavioral intervention. Nurses with PTSD in the two groups completed the basic situation survey, medical coping questionnaire (MCMQ) and anxiety self-rating form (SAS) psychological scale one month later. Results: There was no significant difference in MCMQ and SAS scores between the two groups before intervention (P > 0.05). After intervention, the scores of MCMQ and SAS in the intervention group were compared with the scores of MOCQ and SAS in the control group. The scores of the control group after intervention were significantly higher than those of the intervention group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in MCMQ and SAS in the intervention group before and after intervention (P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance in the control group before and after intervention (P > 0.05). It shows that cognitive behavioral intervention therapy has the effect and value of improving the psychological status of nurses with PTSD. Conclusion: Cognitive behavioral intervention therapy combined with psychology for nurses with PTSD can effectively relieve their stress level, relieve their mood, and improve their positive coping ability and work efficiency.

Effect of diazocine combined with sufentanil analgesia after radical operation for esophageal cancer on the release of neurotransmitters and stress mediators

Objective:To study the effect of diazocine combined with sufentanil analgesia after radical operation for esophageal cancer on release of neurotransmitters and stress mediators.Methods:A total of 170 cases of patients with primary esophageal cancer who underwent surgical treatment in this hospital between September 2015 and May 2017 were divided into control group (n=85) and study group (n=85) by random number table method. Control group received postoperative sufentanil analgesia, and study group received postoperative diazocine combined with sufentanil analgesia. The differences in the perioperative contents of monoamine neurotransmitters, amino acid neurotransmitters and stress mediators were compared between the two groups.Results: Before operation, there was no statistically significant difference in the serum contents of monoamine neurotransmitters, amino acid neurotransmitters and stress mediators between the two groups. 12 h after surgery, 24 h after surgery and 36 h after surgery, serum monoamine neurotransmitters DA, NE and 5-HT contents of study group were lower than those of control group;amino acid neurotransmitters Ach, GABA and Glu contents were higher than those of control group;serum stress mediators ACTH, ALD and Cor contents were lower than those of control group.Conclusion: diazocine combined with sufentanil analgesia after radical operation for esophageal cancer can effectively optimize the secretion of neurotransmitters and inhibit the synthesis of stress mediators to alleviate the patients' pain perception.

Effects of general anesthesia on coagulation function, stress response and other correlation factors in patients undergoing abdominal operation

Objective:To study the effects of general anesthesia on coagulation function, stress response and other correlation factors in patients undergoing abdominal operation.Methods: To select 94 cases of patients undergoing abdominal operation in our hospital from February 2016 to April 2018, divided into the control group and observation group, 47 cases in each group. On the basis of the same pre-processing, the patients in the control group were given epidural anesthesia, and the patients in the observation group received general anesthesia, to detect and compare the coagulation function, stress response and other correlation factors.Results:At T1, the levels of coagulation function (D-Dimer, APTT, PT, PLT), stress response (COR, ACTH, CRP, ET-1) and other correlation factors (IL-23, IL-32, M-CSF, PRL, PCT, NO, TNF-α) between the two groups had no statistical difference (P>0.05). At T2 and T3, the levels of coagulation function(D-Dimer), stress response (COR, ACTH, CRP, ET-1) and other correlation factors (IL-23, IL-32, M-CSF, PRL, PCT, NO, TNF-α) between the two groups had statistical difference (P<0.05).Conclusion:Application of general anesthesia in abdominal endoscopic operation, there was no significant change in coagulation function compared with epidural anesthesia, it could maintain stable coagulation function, but it had a better stabilizing effect on stress response index and other correlation factor such as IL-23, IL-32, M-CSF, PRL, PCT, NO and TNF-α, it was worthy of further clinical study.

Effect of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on postoperative immune function and inflammatory stress response in patients with non-small cell lung cancer surgery

Objective:To study the effect of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on postoperative immune function and inflammatory stress response in patients with non-small cell lung cancer surgery. Methods: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent radical operation for lung cancer in Xi'an Aerospace General Hospital between August 2014 and September 2017 were selected and randomly divided into the Dex group who received dexmedetomidine pretreatment combined with general anesthesia and the control group who received routine general anesthesia. The same day after surgery and 3 d after surgery, the peripheral blood was collected respectively to determine the contents of immune cells and the serum was collected respectively to determine the contents of inflammatory stress response indexes.Results:The same day after surgery and 3 d after surgery, CD3+CD4+T cell, CD3+CD8+T cell and CD16+CD56+NK cell contents in peripheral blood of Dex group were significantly higher than those of control group whereas CD11b+CD15+CD33+CD14-G-MDSC, CD11b+CD15-CD33+CD14+M-MDSC and CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg contents in peripheral blood as well as TNF-α, SAA, CRP, IL-8, IL-10, Cor, Ins, NE, E and AT-II contents in serum were significantly lower than those of control group.Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine pretreatment can improve the immune function and inhibit the inflammatory stress response in patients with non-small cell lung cancer surgery.

Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning improves postoperative cognitive dysfunction by reducing oxidant stress and inflammation

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a crucial public health issue that has been increasingly studied in efforts to reduce symptoms or prevent its occurrence. However, effective advances remain lacking. Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning has proved to protect vital organs, such as the heart, liver, and brain. Recently, it has been introduced and widely studied in the prevention of postoperative cognitive dysfunction, with promising results. However, the neuroprotective mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain controversial. This review summarizes and highlights the definition and application of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning, the perniciousness and pathogenetic mechanism underlying postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and the effects that hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning has on postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Finally, we conclude that hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning is an effective and feasible method to prevent, alleviate, and improve postoperative cognitive dysfunction, and that its mechanism of action is very complex, involving the stimulation of endogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammation defense systems.

Mathematical Definitions of Operators for Cartographic Generalization

This paper puts forword 11 cartographic generalization operator models and introduces their mathematical definitions,and thus a precise mathematical form and quantitative description has been given to these formerly limited qualitative concepts.The meaning of mathematical definition of operators for cartographic generalization and the application prospect in computer_aided cartography (CAC) is stated.ract The Jurassic strata in Jingyan of Sichuan containing the Mamenchinsaurus fauna are dealt with and divided in this paper. The Mamenchisaurus fossils contained there are compared in morphological features and stratigraphically with other types of the genus on by one. The comprehensive analysis show that the Mamenchisaurus fauna of Jingyan appeared in the early Late Jurassic and is primitive in morphology. The results of the morphological identification and stratigraphical study agree with each other. Their evolutionary processes in different apoches of the Late Jurassic also made clear. Key words Jingyan, Sichuan, Mamenchisaurus Fauna, stratigraphy, evolution

Abstraction and operator characterization of fractal ladder viscoelastic hyper-cell for ligaments and tendons

This study investigates the viscoelastic behavior of soft bio-fibres in association with their fractal structures. A spring-dashpot fractal network with the self-similar topology, named the -type fractal ladder hyper-cell (FLHC), is abstracted from the micro/nano-structure of ligaments and tendons (LTs). Its constitutive operator is derived by the Heaviside operational calculus, which is of intrinsic fractional order. In terms of this operator, the long-term viscoelastic relaxation of bio-fibres arising from the fractal ladder topology is expounded. In addition, the fractional-order viscoelastic constitutive equation is obtained based on the FLHC of LTs, and its results are consistent with those of available human knee and spinal LT relaxation experiments. Results on the constitutive equation of FLHCs are formulated into two propositions. The multidisciplinary invariance and implications from the fractal ladder pattern of bio-fibres are also discussed.

A parametric study on the contact stress of half toroidal continuously variable transmission

The most general contact in mechanical transmission is the elliptical one. In particular, a toroidal continuously variable transmission (CVT) has an elliptical shape in the contact area under the elastohydrodynamic lubrication regime, where the shearing of the fluid subjects to high contact stress and transmits the power. Many parameters affect the contact service performance of the half toroidal CVT, which include the properties of the contacting material (Young抯 modulus), operating parameters (input torque and maximum traction coefficient) and geometrical parameters (aspect cavity ratio, curvature ratio and half cone angle of the power roller). In this paper, the contacts between the input disk, the power roller and the output disk are formulated using the classical Hertzian contact theory. Based on the formulated equations, different system parameters, which affect the maximum Hertzian stresses, are compared. The comparative results will provide some observations of the relations between the maximum Hertzian stresses and transmission ratios in the form of graphs. These graphs give useful information for designer to know the maximum Hertzian stress during operation in such systems.

Modeling of Temperature and Residual Stress Fields Resulting from Impacting Process of a Molten Ni Particle onto a Flat Substrate

Several effective numerical techniques,based on a finite element analysis,have been developed and computed independently.Results are presented describing the impacting process,and the subsequent temperature and residual stress fields of a molten nickel particle impacting onto a flat substrate.Problems of this type,especially the prediction of the thermal residual stresses,are of major practical interest in thermal spray operations as a pioneering approach.

An Analysis of the Influence of Protective Films on the Inner Surfaces of CCPP Headers and Steam Pipelines on Their Thermal Stress State

At present, the main attention of researchers is paid to the deterioration of heat transfer when heating the outer surface of the pipe with the liquid or steam, flowing inside it, in the presence of films or deposits on its inner surface. However, when pipe is heating by heat carrier medium, flowing inside it, film on the inner pipe surface serve a dual protective function, protecting the pipe from corrosion and reducing its thermal stress. The article represents the results of the computational analysis of protective films influence on the thermal stressed state of headers and steam pipelines of combined-cycle power plants (CCPP) heat-recovery steam generators at different transient operating conditions particularly at startups from different initial temperature states and thermal shock. It is shown that protective films have a significant influence on the stresses magnitude and damage accumulation mainly for great temperature disturbances (for thermal shock). Calculations were carried out at various thicknesses of films and assuming that their thermal conductivity less than thermal conductivity of the steam pipelines metal.

COMPARISON THE EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT SURGICAL PROCEDURES FOR URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE

Objective.To analyse the efficiency of two operations for treatment of unirary stress incontinence (USI). Methods. The clinical data of 95 USI cases or accompany USI treated by surgical procedures (Kelly operation 63 cases, Colposuspension 32 cases) was analysed retrospectively in our department. Results.The cure rates during three months after operation were 92.9% in Colposuspension group and 68.9% in Kelly operation group (P<0.05), and decreased to 73.7% and 57.5% one year after operation in Colposuspension group and Kelly operation group respectively (P>0.05). Abnormal senses rates of sexual intercouse was 3.7% in Cloposuspension and 7.3% in Kelly operation group. The length of retaining Folly catheter after Colposuspension was more than Kelly operation. [WT5”BX]Conclusion.[WT5”BZ]The cure rate during three months after Colposuspension is better than Kelly operation. But the cure rates during one year after surgery are the same in two groups.

THE NEW CRITERIA OF ELASTIC AND FATIGUE FAILURE IN THE COMPONENT OF COMPLEX STRESS STATES

In this paper, a total criterion on elastic and fatigue failure in complex stress, that is. octahedral stress strength theory on dynamic and static states on the basis of studying modern and classic strength theories. At the same time, an analysis of an independent and fairly comprehensive theoretical system is set up. It gives generalized failure factor by 36 materials and computative theory of the 11 states of complex stresses on a point, and derives the operator equation on generalized allowable strength and a computative method for a total equation can be applied to dynamic and static states. It is illustrated that the method has a good exactness through computation of eight examples of engineering. Therefore, the author suggests applying it to engineering widely.

Scientific Research Complex ＂BeOn-1＂ Performance Indicator of the Operators in Extreme Conditions

Complexity of the systems in everyday life of modern man continuously increases, as the monitoring and the management are concentrated on and depended on the reactions of one operator or a group of operators. Sometimes because of human errors in extreme situations, it increases the potential risk for life of large groups of people and of the operators. This requires continuous improvement of the systems for psycho-physiological assessment by developing the new efficient methods involving known and new indicators of psycho-physiological state of the individual. The complex BeOn-1 is a new computer-based experimental and applied system for examination of situational vigilance and behavior of aviation specialists-pilots, navigators, operators of unmanned aerial vehicles in a complex operating environment with extreme impact factors. In the up-to-date systems for evaluating the operators, the test results are compared and analyzed together with a number of physiological parameters that are used as indicators of psycho-physiological status of the investigated subjects. In the ＂BeOn-1＂ they are indicators about the efficiency of individual stress coping strategy. BeOn-I allows us to study the individual skills of perception and the ability to act under extreme conditions of the operational environment and is a comfortable working methodology for daily needs in the selection, periodic monitoring of the operational staff and support to flight safety.

Effect of Sijunzi decoction combined with nutritional support after gastric cancer surgery on the stress inflammatory response and immune response

Objective:To study the effect of Sijunzi decoction combined with nutritional support after gastric cancer operation on the stress inflammatory response and immune response.Methods:Patients who received radical operation for gastric cancer in West China Hospital between March 2015 and August 2017 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group who accepted Sijunzi decoction combined with enteral nutrition support after operation and the control group who accepted routine enteral nutrition support after operation. The stress inflammatory response indexes in serum and the immune response indexes in peripheral blood were measured before operation and 3 d after operation.Results: 3 d after operation, Cor, Gluc, Ins, O2-, CRP, TNF-α, YKL-40, MK and IL-6 contents in serum as well as GATA-3, RORγt and Foxp3 expression in peripheral blood of both groups were higher than those before operation whereas HO-1 and SOD contents in serum as well as CD3+CD4+T cell, CD3+CD8+T cell, CD16+CD56+NK cell and CD19+B cell contents and T-bet expression in peripheral blood were lower than those before operation, and Cor, Gluc, Ins, O2-, CRP, TNF-α, YKL-40, MK and IL-6 contents in serum as well as GATA-3, RORγt and Foxp3 expression in peripheral blood of observation group were lower than those of control group whereas HO-1 and SOD contents in serum as well as CD3+CD4+T cell, CD3+CD8+T cell, CD16+CD56+NK cell and CD19+B cell contents and T-bet expression in peripheral blood were higher than those of control group.Conclusion: Sijunzi decoction combined with nutritional support after gastric cancer operation can reduce the stress inflammatory response and enhance the immune response.

Probe into Reverse Operation of Apoptosis Gene

Objective:The programmed death process of cells according to gene coding belongs to apoptotic natural extinction(PCD).The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of“returning to old age and rejuvenating children”in the extreme anoxia,no nutrients and survival in the extreme environment of fish and earthworm.Methods:the adult earthworms were put into the sealed quartz sand or fine yellow sand plastic bottle with humidity of 35-40%70 ml and poured out 100-150 d,then put back into the natural environment(simulated natural plastic basin)and raised 100-150 d,to collect the experimental information.The same object can be observed repeatedly.Results:The earthworms which were closed in the little oxygen-free and nutrition-deficient vials were reduced by autophagy,and the rings and reproductive pores disappeared completely.When they were put back into the natural environment for two or three months,they were all restored to their original morphological structure.Conclusion:Most of the same subjects underwent 1-3 years of cyclic observation.The biological structure was adapted to the changing environment.It was helped by the resonance of many biota and complex stress factors.