Multi-stage formation of the Feragen ophiolite,Norway:Implication from petrology and geochemistry of peridotites and chromitites and its potential for prospecting

The ultramafic massif of Feragen,which belongs to the eastern ophiolitic belt of Norway,has abundant amounts of chromite ores.Recent studies have revealed a complex melt evolution in a supra-subduction zone(SSZ)environment.This study presents new whole-rock major element,trace element,and platinum-group element chemistry to evaluate their petrogenesis and tectonic evolution.Harzburgites have high CaO,Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),MgO,and REE contents corresponding to abyssal peridotites,whereas dunites have low CaO,Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),MgO,and REE contents corresponding to SSZ peridotites.The Cr^(#)and TiO_(2) of chromian spinels in the harzburgites suggest as much as about 15%–20%melting and the dunites are more depleted with>40%melting.The harzburgites and the dunites and high-Cr chromitites represent,respectively,the products of low-degree partial melting in a back-arc setting,and the products of melt-rock interaction in a SSZ environment.The calculated fO_(2) values for dunites and high-Cr chromitites(-0.17–+0.23 and+2.78–+5.65,respectively and generally above the FMQ buffer)are also consistent with the interaction between back-arc ophiolites with oxidized boninitic melts in a SSZ setting.

Hydro-uvarovite from Mantle Peridotites of Naga Hills Ophiolite: A Mineral Tracer for Neo-Tethyan Mantle Wedge Metasomatism

Hydrous Cr-bearing uvarovite garnets are rare in natural occurrences and belong to the ugrandite series and exist in binary solid solutions with grossular and andradite garnets. Here, we report the occurrence of hydrous uvarovite garnet having Cr_(2)O_(3) upto 19.66 wt% and CaO of 32.12–35.14 wt% in the serpentinized mantle peridotites of Naga Hills Ophiolite(NHO), India. They occur in association with low-Cr diopsides. They are enriched in LILE(Ba, Sr), LREEs, with fractionating LREE-MREE [avg.(La/Sm)_(N) = 2.16] with flat MREE/HREE patterns [avg.(Sm/Yb)_(N) = 0.95]. Raman spectra indicate the presence of hydroxyl(OH^(–)) peaks from 3500 to 3700 cm^(-1). Relative abundances in fluid mobile elements and their close association with clinopyroxenes are suggestive of the formation of uvarovite garnets through low temperature metasomatic alteration of low-Cr diopsides by hydrothermal slab fluids. The high LREE concentration and absence of Eu anomaly in the garnet further attest to alkaline nature of the transporting slab dehydrated fluid rather the involvement of low-p H solution. The chemical characteristics of the hydroxyl bearing uvarovite hosted by the mantle peridotite of NHO deviate from the classical features of uvarovite garnet, and their origin is attributed to the fluid-induced metasomatism of the sub arc mantle wedge in a suprasubduction zone regime.

Mantle Partial Melting and Melt-peridotite Interaction: A Case Study of Peridotite Xenoliths in Cenozoic Basalt of Nanjing, SE China

The peridotite xenoliths are widely distributed in the Cenozoic basalts, Eastern China. However, their petrogenesis is hotly controversial. The peridotite xenoliths of Nanjing are found embedded in Cenozoic alkali basalt. Most of the xenoliths are rounded and small to moderate in size(typically 5~10 cm in diameter), though larger ones have been found. Nearly all small xenoliths are harzburgite and dunite. However, the big ones have zoned structure: lherzolite core and harzburgite or dunite rim with new growth clinopyroxene(Cpx) as eyeliner along their margins. Petrology, mineralogy, and Major and trace element compositions of the Nanjing peridotite xenoliths in the Cenozoic basalts are measured to provide an insight into the nature of their mantle sources and processes. Our works suggest that they were suffered from a partial melting process and subsequently underwent a process of melt-peridotite interaction. The evidences of partial melting are as follows. Firstly, the lherzolite core is mostly composed of olivine(Ol) + orthopyroxene(Opx) + Cpx with minor spinel(Spl), however, the harzburgite or dunite rim is mostly complosed of Ol + Opx with minor Cpx. Secondly, from the lherzolite core to the harzburgite or dunite rim, Ol and Opx contents are gradually increased, inversely, Cpx contents are decreased, and the Spl disappears. Thirdly, Mg# values of Ol are increased from the core(~89.5) to the rim(>92) of the peridotite xenolith, but FeO contents(from 11.0 to 8.1) in Ol are opposite.Forthly, Mg#(from 90 to 93) and Cr#(from 4 to 17) values of the Opx are increased, but its Al2O3 contents(from 5.0 to 2.0) are decreased from the core to the rim. The evidences of meltperidotite interaction are mostly from clinopyroxenes. The clinopyroxenes can roughly divided into two groups: original clinopyroxenes of the peridotite and new growth clinopyroxenes generated by melt-peridotite interaction. The original clinopyroxenes are generally in the inner of peridotite xenoliths such as lherzolite. They are mostly coarse-grained, euhedral and bottle-green. However, the new growth clinopyroxenes generally occur as eyeliner along the margin of the peridotite xenoliths. They are generally fine-grained, irregular and light green. Compared with the original clinopyroxenes, the new growth ones have low Na2O and Al2O3 and high CaO contents. The Nanjing peridotite xenoliths in the Cenozoic alkali basalts suggest that the SCLM beneath eastern China might be a fertile mantle which has had a complex history, and is now a mixture of refractory and fertile mantle domains modified by a number of events.

Petrology, Geochemistry and Tectonic Significance of the Metamorphic Peridotites from Longmuco-Shuanghu Ophiolitic Melange belt, Tibet

Taoxinghu metamorphic peridotite is a firstly reported mantle sequence of ophiolite since Longmuco-Shuanghu-Lancangjiang suture zone （LSLSZ） was proposed, and it is also an important discovered for ophiolite studying in central Qiangtang. Based on detailed analyses of whole-rock geochemistry of Taoxinghu metamorphic peridotites and contrast to metamorphic peridotites in typical ophiolites worldwide, the paper investigates their petrogenesis and geological implication. The petrologic results show that the protolith of Taoxinghu metamorphic perdotites have the mineral assemblage and texture characteristic of mantle peridotite. Most metamorphic peridotites hav near global abyssal peridotites major elements contents, while the few is similar to SSZ-type peridotites. They exhibit typically U-shaped REE patterns, characterized by slight enrichment of LREE and HREE relative to MREE and a low fractionated LREE to HREE segment. Trace elements contents are low and all samples are strong enrichment in Cs, U, Pb, weak enrichment in Ba and depletion in Th, but negative Nb anomalies are only observed in few samples. That suggests Taoxinghu metamorphic peridotites have depletion mantle and suprasubduction affinities. A two-stage evolution history is considered： Taoxinghu metamorphic peridotites originated as the residue from melting at a ridge with 7%-20% degree of fraction melting and were subsequently modified by interaction with mafic melt and aqueous fluid within mantle wedge on subducted zone. Combined with previous studies, we preliminarily propose Taoxinghu metamorphic peridotites may be the Products of initial rifting of palo-Tethys, forming at middle Ordivician-upper Cambrian, and they may be the direct evidences for spreading of palo-Tethys.

Zircon U-Pb Geochronological Constraints on Rapid Exhumation of the Mantle Peridotite of the Xigaze Ophiolite, Southern Xizang(Tibet)

The Xigaze ophiolite crops out in the central segment of the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone,southern Tibet(Fig.1).It is characterized by large amounts of ultramafic units with minor mafic rocks.The mafic rocks consist of gabbros,

Geochemical cycling during subduction initiation:Evidence from serpentinized mantle wedge peridotite in the south Andaman ophiolite suite

The ophiolite suite from south Andaman Islands forms part of the Tethyan Ophiolite Belt and preserves the remnants of an ideal ophiolite sequence comprising a basal serpentinized and tectonised mantle peridotite followed by ultramafic and mafic cumulate units, basaltic dykes and spilitic pillow basalts interlayered with arkosic wacke. Here, we present new major, trace, rare earth(REE) and platinum group(PGE) element data for serpentinized and metasomatized peridotites(dunites) exposed in south Andaman representing the tectonized mantle section of the ophiolite suite. Geochemical features of the studied rocks, marked by Al_2 O_3/TiO_2 > 23, LILE-LREE enrichment, HFSE depletion, and U-shaped chondrite-normalized REE patterns with(La/Sm)N > 1 and(Gd/Yb)N <1, suggest contributions from boninitic mantle melts. These observations substantiate a subduction initiation process ensued by rapid slab roll-back with extension and seafloor spreading in an intraoceanic fore-arc regime. The boninitic composition of the serpentinized peridotites corroborate fluid and melt interaction with mantle manifested in terms of(i) hydration, metasomatism and serpentinization of depleted, MORB-type, sub-arc wedge mantle residual after repeated melt extraction; and(ii) refertilization of refractory mantle peridotite by boninitic melts derived at the initial stage of intraoceanic subduction. Serpentinized and metasomatized mantle dunites in this study record both MOR and intraoceanic arc signatures collectively suggesting suprasubduction zone affinity. The elevated abundances of Pd(4.4-12.2 ppb) with highΣPPGE/∑IPGE(2-3) and Pd/Ir(2-5.5) ratios are in accordance with extensive melt-rock interaction through percolation of boninitic melts enriched in fluid-fluxed LILE-LREE into the depleted mantle after multiple episodes of melt extraction. The high Pd contents with relatively lower Ir concentrations of the samples are analogous to characteristic PGE signatures of boninitic magmas and might have resulted by the infiltration of boninitic melts into the depleted and residual mantle wedge peridotite during fore-arc extension at the initial stage of intraoceanic subduction. The PGE patterns with high Os + Ir(2-8.6 ppb)and Ru(2.8-8.4 ppb) also suggest mantle rejuvenation by infiltration of melts derived by high degree of mantle melting. The trace, REE and PGE data presented in our study collectively reflect heterogeneous mantle compositions and provide insights into ocean-crust-mantle interaction and associated geochemical cycling within a suprasubduction zone regime.

Hydrogen Isotopic Compositions of Pyroxenes in Nushan Peridotite Xenoliths,SE China

Hydrogen isotopic compositions of pyroxenes in peridotite xenoliths from the Nushan volcano, Anhui Province, SE China have been obtained using an ion probe (Cameca 1270). D/H ratios are constant within a single grain and among the different grains from the same sample. The lack of correlation between the D/H ratios and the hydrogen contents indicates that the hydrogen isotopic compositions are inherited from their mantle source. Combining with the δD values of coexisting amphiboles, it is inferred that the Nushan mantle experienced at least a two-stage metasomatic event. One was responsible for formation of amphiboles with extremely variable δD values, and the other was probably responsible for the high δD values (up to ?20‰) of some clinopyroxenes from peridotites, clinopyroxene and mica megacrysts. High δD values point to a subduction-related fluid being involved in one metasomatic event. The primary δD values (?90‰ to ?140‰) of the Nushan pyroxenes, together with data gleaned from the literature, suggest that the D/H ratios of the nominally anhydrous mineral reservoir might have differed from that of the other mantle hydrogen in being relatively depleted in D.

In-situ Moissanite in Dunite: Deep Mantle Origin of Mantle Peridotite in Luobusa Ophiolite, Tibet

We report the discovery of an in-situ natural moissanite as an inclusion in the Cr-spinel from the dunite envelope of a chromitite deposit in Luobusa ophiolite,Tibet.The moissanite occurs as a twin crystal interpenetrated by two quadrilateral signal crystals with sizes of 17 pm × 10 μm and 20 μm × 7 μm,respectively.The moissanite is green with parallel extinction.The absorption peaks in its Raman spectra are at 967-971 cm-1,787-788 cm-1,and 766 cm-1.The absorption peaks in the infrared spectra are at 696 cm-1,767 cm-1,1450 cm-1,and 1551 cm-1,which are distinctly different from the peaks for synthetic silicon carbide.Moissanites have been documented to form in ultra-high pressure,high temperature,and extremely low fO2 environments and their 13C-depleted compositions indicate a lower mantle origin.Combined with previous studies about other ultra-high pressure and highly reduced minerals in Luobusa ophiolite,the in-situ natural moissanite we found indicates a deep mantle origin of some materials in the mantle sequence of Luobusa ophiolite.Further,we proposed a transformation model to explain the transfer process of UHP materials from the deep mantle to ophiolite sequence and then to the supra-subduction zone environment.Interactions between the crown of the mantle plume and mid-ocean ridge are suggested to be the dominant mechanism.

The production of iron oxide during peridotite serpentinization:Influence of pyroxene

Serpentinization produces molecular hydrogen(H2)that can support communities of microorganisms in hydrothermal fields;H2 results from the oxidation of ferrous iron in olivine and pyroxene into ferric iron,and consequently iron oxide(magnetite or hematite)forms.However,the mechanisms that control H2 and iron oxide formation are poorly constrained.In this study,we performed serpentinization experiments at 311℃ and 3.0 kbar on olivine(with <5% pyroxene),orthopyroxene,and peridotite.The results show that serpentine and iron oxide formed when olivine and orthopyroxene individually reacted with a saline starting solution.Olivine-derived serpentine had a significantly lower FeO content(6.57±1.30 wt.%)than primary olivine(9.86 wt.%),whereas orthopyroxene-derived serpentine had a comparable FeO content(6.26±0.58 wt.%)to that of primary orthopyroxene(6.24 wt.%).In experiments on peridotite,olivine was replaced by serpentine and iron oxide.However,pyroxene transformed solely to serpentine.After 20 days,olivine-derived serpentine had a FeO content of 8.18±1.56 wt.%,which was significantly higher than that of serpentine produced in olivine-only experiments.By contrast,serpentine after orthopyroxene had a slightly higher FeO content(6.53±1.01 wt.%)than primary orthopyroxene.Clinopyroxene-derived serpentine contained a significantly higher FeO content than its parent mineral.After 120 days,the FeO content of olivine-derived serpentine decreased significantly(5.71±0.35 wt.%),whereas the FeO content of orthopyroxene-derived serpentine increased(6.85±0.63 wt.%)over the same period.This suggests that iron oxide preferentially formed after olivine serpentinization.Pyroxene in peridotite gained some Fe from olivine during the serpentinization process,which may have led to a decrease in iron oxide production.The correlation between FeO content and SiO_2 or AI_2 O_3 content in olivine-and orthopyroxene-derived serpentine indicates that aluminum and silica greatly control the production of iron oxide.Based on our results and data from natural serpentinites reported by other workers,we propose that aluminum may be more influential at the early stages of peridotite serpentinization when the production of iron oxide is very low,whereas silica may have a greater control on iron oxide production during the late stages instead.

Geochemical constraints on the origin and tectonic setting of the serpentinized peridotites from the Paleoproterozoic Nyong series,Eseka area,SW Cameroon

Serpentinized rocks closely associated with Paleoproterozoic eclogitic metabasites were recently discovered at Eseka area in the northwestern edge of the Congo craton in southern Cameroon.Here,we present new field data,petrography,and first comprehensible wholerock geochemistry data and discuss the protolith and tectonic significance of these serpentinites in the region.The studied rock samples are characterized by pseudomorphic textures,including mesh microstructure formed by serpentine intergrowths with cores of olivine,bastites after pyroxene.Antigorite constitutes almost the whole bulk of the rocks and is associated(to the less amount)with tremolite,talc,spinel,and magnetite.Whole-rock chemistry of the Eseka serpentinites led to the distinction of two types.Type 1 has high MgO(>40 wt%)content and high Mg#values(88.80)whereas Type 2 serpentinite samples display relatively low MgO concentration and Mg#values(<40 and 82.88 wt%,respectively).Both types have low Al/Si and high Mg/Si ratios than the primitive mantle,reflecting a refractory abyssal mantle peridotite protolith.Partial melting modeling indicates that these rocks were derived from melting of spinel peridotite before serpentinization.Bulk rock high-Ti content is similar to the values of subducted serpentinites(>50 ppm).This similarity,associated with the high Cr contents,spinel-peridotite protolith compositions and Mg/Si and Al/Si ratios imply that the studied serpentinites were formed in a subductionrelated environment.The U-shaped chondrite normalizedREE patterns of serpentinized peridotites,coupled with similar enrichments in LREE and HFSE,suggest the refertilized nature due to melt/rock interaction prior to serpentinization.Based on the results,we suggest that the Eseka serpentinized peridotites are mantle residues that suffered a high degree of partial melting in a subductionrelated environment,especially in Supra Subduction Zone setting.These new findings suggest that the Nyong series in Cameroon represents an uncontested Paleoproterozoic suture zone between the Congo craton and the Sao Francisco craton in Brazil.

The Discovery of Diamond from the Zhimafang Pyrope Peridotite of the Sulu UHP Metamorphic Zone, East China, and Its Geological Implications

From Donghai County of Jiangsu Province to Rongcheng County of Shandong Province on the southern border of the Sulu orogen, there exposes an ultramafic belt, accompanied with an ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic zone. It can be further divided into the Xugou belt (the northern belt), and the Maobei-Gangshang belt (the southern belt). One grain of diamond has been discovered from the Zhimafang pyrope peridotite in the southern belt using the heavy mineral method. The diamond grain is 2.13 mm × 1.42 mm × 0.83 mm in size and weighs 9.4 mg. The occurrence of the diamond suggests that the Zhimafang pyrope peridotite xenolith is derived from the lithospheric upper mantle. The tectonic emplacement mechanism of the pyrope peridotite xenoliths in granite-gneisses is obviously different from those in kimberlite. The Sulu orogen was located on the active continental margin of the Sino-Korean craton in the Neoproterozoic. The relatively cold and water-bearing oceanic crustal tholeiite slab subducted beneath the lithospheric mantle of the Sino-Korean craton, and partly melted to produce granitic magma and water-bearing fluids. The magma and fluids pierced through and fractured the overlying lithospheric mantle, and ascended to the crustal level together with the ultramafic mantle fragments as xenoliths.

Petrography and Geochemistry of Peridotite Xenoliths from Hannuoba and Significance for Lithospheric Mantle Evolution

The compositions of the whole rocks and trace elements of minerals in peridotites can reflect the characteristics of the lithospheric mantle. The nature and evolution of the Cenozoic lithospheric mantle beneath Hannuoba （汉诺坝）, located on the north edge of the intra-North China orogenic belt, are discussed based on the in-situ LAM-ICPMS detected trace element compositions of clinopyroxenes in the Hannuoba peridotitic xenoliths combined with detailed petrography and geochemistry studies. The Hannuoba lithospheric mantle was formed by different partial meltings of the primitive mantle. Most of the samples reflect the partial melting degree of lower than 5% with a few samples of 15%-20%. Major element compositions of the whole rocks and geochemical compositions of clinopyroxenes reveal the coexistence of both fertile and depleted mantle underneath the Hannuoba region during the Cenozoic. This was probably caused by the asthenospheric mantle replacing the aged craton mantle through erosion, intermingling and modification. Our conclusion is further supported by the existence of both carbonatitic magmatic material and silicate melt/ fluid metasomatism as magnified by the trace elements of the clinopyroxencs from the Hannuoba lithospherJc mantle.

Mantle melting beneath the Southwest Indian Ridge: signals from clinopyroxene in abyssal peridotites

The mineral chemistry and texture of clinopyroxenes in peridotite from the Kingkong tectonic zone of the Southwest Indian Ridge segment in an effort to constrain mantle melting beneath this slow-spreading ridge are reported. There are three types of clinopyroxenes in the abyssal peridotites： coarse-grained, intergranu- lar and exsolved. The compositional variations among these three types suggest that the coarse-grained clinopyroxene is a mantle-derived source. The A1, Na and Ti contents and the Na/Ti ratio of the coarse- grained clinopyroxene may be used to monitor the degree of partial melting, combined with the contradis- tinction with Spinel Cr#, which is calculated to be between 7.9% and 14.9%, and may represent low degrees of melting in the global ocean ridge system. The along-axis compositional variations in the coarse-grained clinopyroxene suggest that the degree of partial melting is primarily controlled by the transform faults on both sides of the ridge. Nonetheless, the northwestern side of the ridge may be affected by a hypothesised detachment fault as documented by the calculated P-T conditions. Simultaneously high Na and low Ti con- tents in the coarse-grained clinoovroxene points to mantle heterogeneities along the ridge axis.

Kalaymyo Peridotite Massif in the Indo-Myanmar Ranges(Western Myanmar): Its Mineralogy and Petrology

Mesozoic ophiolites crop out discontinuously in the Indo-Myanmar Ranges in NE India and Myanmar,and represent the remnants of the Neotethyan oceanic lithosphere(Sengupta et al.,1990;Mitchell,1993).These ophiolites in the Indo-Myanmar Ranges are the southern continuation of the Neotethyan ophiolites occurring along the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone(YZSZ)in southern Tibet farther northwest(Mitchell,1993;Fareeduddin and Dilek,2015),as indicated by their coeval crystallization ages and geochemical compositions(Yang et al.,2012;Liu et al.,2016).The Kalaymyo ophiolite is located in the central part of the eastern Indo-Myanmar Ranges(Fig.1).composition of these ophiolites from the central Tibetan Plateau(CTP)is dominated by MORBs and minor OIBs and a distinct lack of IATs and BONs,which is inconsistent with most ophiolites worldwide(Robinson and Zhou,2008;Zhang et al.,2008).But the generation and tectonic nature of these ophiolites are still controversial.*The Kalaymyo peridotites consist mainly of harzburgites,which show typical porphyroclastic or coarse-grained equigranular textures.They are composed ofolivine(Fo=89.8–90.5),orthopyroxene(En86-91Wo1-4Fs8-10;Mg#=89.6–91.9),clinopyroxene(En46-49Wo47-50Fs3-5;Mg#=90.9–93.6)and spinel(Mg#=67.1–78.9;Cr#=13.5–31.5),and have relatively homogeneous whole-rock compositions with Mg#s of90.1–90.8 and Si O2(41.5–43.65 wt.%),Al2O3(1.66–2.66wt.%)and Ca O(1.45–2.67 wt.%)contents.TheydisplayLightRareEarthElement(LREE)-depleted chondrite-normalized REE patterns with(La/Yb)CN=0.04–0.21 and(Gd/Yb)CN=0.40–0.84,and show a slight enrichment from Pr to La with(La/Pr)CN in the range of 0.98–2.36.The Kalaymyo peridotites are characterized by Pd-enriched chondrite-normalized PGE patterns with superchondritic(Pd/Ir)CN ratios(1.15–2.36).Their calculated oxygen fugacities range between QFM–0.57 and QFM+0.90.These mineralogical and geochemical features collectively suggest that the Kalaymyo peridotites represent residual upper mantle rocks after low to moderate degrees(5–15%)of partial melting at a mid-ocean-ridge(MOR)environment.The observed enrichment in LREE and Pd was a result of their reactions with enriched MORB-like melts,percolating through these already depleted,residual peridotites.The Kalaymyo and other ophiolites in the Indo-Myanmar Ranges hence represent mid-ocean ridge(MOR)–type Tethyan oceanic lithosphere derived from a downgoing plate and accreted into a westward migrating subduction–accretion system along the eastern margin of India.

Preliminary Statistics of Temperatures and Pressures for Formation of Eclogites,Granulites and Peridotites in China

The rock forming temperatures and pressures represent the p T points of the local regions in the lithosphere at a certain age, providing some important information on rock formation. Based on the preliminary statistics on the temperatures and pressures for the formation of eclogites, granulites and peridotites in China, the variant ranges are given, in this paper, of temperatures, pressures and linear geothermal gradients of eclogites, granulites and peridotites. In addition, since the eclogite is different from granulite and peridotite in the p T diagram, these three rocks can be classified into two groups: the first group includes eclogites and the second group granulites and peridotites. Then, the p T correlation functions of these two groups of rocks are provided. Finally, the two groups of rocks have different geothermal gradients at the same pressure gradient or have different pressure gradients at the same geothermal gradient. The temperatures and pressures for the formation of the rocks can be calculated from the mineral chemical compositions, but the depths ( H ) for the rock formation can be calculated only under the hypotheses of given p H (or T H ) correlation functions. The explanations for the ultrahigh pressure metamorphism vary obviously with different hypotheses.

Serpentinized Peridotite as Source of Aeromagnetic Anomalies

The source of long-wavelength aeromagnetic anomalies appears to originate from the earth's deep crust. Constrained by previous studies on geochemical, petrologic analysis, the eclogite and serpentinized peridotite samples from drill hole ZK703 at Donghai in the western Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane, East China, were unambiguously exhumed from the lower crust and the upper mantle, providing significant information about the magnetic properties of rocks at a deeper part of the crust. Results show that the serpentinization process favors the neoformation of nearly stoichiometric magnetite, resulting in the enhancement of its magnetization up to 8.6 A/m, which is sufficient enough to contribute to some magnetic anomalies. In contrast, eclogite samples have only weaker magnetization (generally less than 0.05 A/m) compared to serpentinized peridotite. Nevertheless, experiments under the lower crustal conditions are necessary to further support these conclusions.

A Forearc(Guleman,Elazi?)Ophiolite:Evidence from Peridotite Mineral Geochemistry

The Guleman ophiolite,one of the most important ophiolitic massifs of the Southeast Anatolian Ophiolitic Belt,consists of a core of serpentinized mantle rocks overlain by an ultramafic sequence,layered and isotropic gabbro,and sheeted dykes.The ophiolite structurally overlies the Lower Miocene Lice Formation and is overlain by young sandstones and shales of the Upper Maashtrichtian-Lower Eocene Hazar Complex and Middle Eocene Maden Complex.The Guleman ophiolite tectonically overlain by Precambrian to Upper Triassic Bitlis metamorphic massif.The mantle peridotites compose mainly of fresh and in place serpentinized harzburgite tectonite with local bands and lenses of dunites with large-sized chromitite pods.The Guleman peridotites commonly show porphyroclastic texture,high-temperature fabrics such as kink-bands in olivines.According to microprobe analyses,the harzburgite and dunite have low Ca O and Al2O3 abundance similar to Mariana forearc,and their average Cr-(=Cr/(Cr+Al)atomic)ratio of Cr-spinelsis surprisingly high(>0.63)besides Fo content of olivine is between 90.9 to 92.3 in peridotites.According to Mg#(Mg/(Mg+Fe2+))versus Cr#in spinel diagram,the degree of partial melting is higher than 35%and spinel values plot in the forearc peridotites field.The Gulemanharzburgites have low Ca O,Al2O3 and Ti O2 contents in orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene lammelles,resembling those of depleted harzburgites from modern forearcs and different from moderately depleted abyssal peridotites.Consequently,we propose that the Guleman peridotites form in a forearc setting during the subduction initiation that developed as a result of northward subduction of the southern branch of the Neo-Tethys in response to the convergence between Arabian and Anatolian plates.

Petrological and Os Isotopic Characteristics of Zedong Peridotites in the Eastern Yarlung–Zangbo Suture in Tibet

The Zedong ophiolites in the eastern Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone of Tibet represent a mantle slice of more than 45 km2. This massif consists mainly of mantle peridotites, with lesser gabbros, diabases and volcanic rocks. The mantle peridotites are mostly harzburgite, lherzolite; a few dike-like bodies of dunite are also present. Mineral structures show that the peridotites experienced plastic deformation and partial melting. Olivine （Fos9.7-91.2）, orthopyroxene （Enss-92）, clinopyroxene （En4-49Wo47-slFS2-4） and spinel [Mg^#=lOOxMg/（Mg＋Fe）]=49.1-70.7; Cr^#=（100xCr/（Cr＋Al）=18.8-76.5] are the major minerals. The degree of partial melting of mantle peridotites is 10%-40%, indicating that the Zedong mantle peridotites may experience a multi-stage process. The peridotites are characterized by depleted major element compositions and low REE content （0.08-0.62 ppm）. Their ＂spoon-shaped＂ primitivemantle normalized REE patterns with （La/Sm）N being 0.50-6.00 indicate that the Zedong ultramafic rocks belong to depleted residual mantle rocks. The PGE content of Zedong peridotites （18.19-50.74 ppb） is similar with primary mantle with Pd/Ir being 0.54-0.60 and Pt/Pd being 1.09-1.66. The Zedong peridotites have variable, unradiogenic Os isotopic compositions with 187Os/18Os=0.1228 to 0.1282. A corollary to this interpretation is that the convecting upper mantle is heterogeneous in Os isotopes. All data of the Zedong peridotites suggest that they formed originally at a mid-ocean ridge （MOR） and were later modified in supra-subduction zone （SSZ） environment.

Trace element composition of peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc:Insights into the geochemical effects of serpentinization and/or seafloor weathering

Peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc were sampled on the landward trench slope of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) subduction zone by dredging.These mantle wedge peridotites underwent hydration by fluid derived from a dehydrated descending slab,and later interacted with seawater after emplacement at or near the seafloor.This study investigates how these two different rock-fluid interaction processes influenced trace element distribution in the southern Mariana forearc peridotites.We measured trace element concentrations of peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc.The southern Mariana forearc peridotites are characterized by a distinct seawater-like REE pattern with an obvious negative Ce anomaly,and La shows good correlation with other REEs (except Ce).In addition,there is a great enrichment of U,Pb,Sr and Li elements,which show a distinct positive anomaly relative to adjacent elements in the multi-element diagram.For the seawater-like REE pattern,we infer that REEs are mainly influenced by seawater during peridotite-seawater interactions after their emplacement at or near the seafloor,by serpentinization or by marine weathering.Furthermore,the anomalous behavior of Ce,compared with other rare earth elements in these samples,may indicate that they have undergone reactions involving Ce (IV) when the peridotites interacted with seawater.Positive U,Pb,Sr and Li anomalies are inferred to be related to seawater and/or fluids released during dehydration of the subducting slab.

Experimental Study of Partial Melting of Mantle Peridotite -A Discussion about the Genesis of Sih'ca-rich Fluids (Melts)

Experiments on partial melting of mantle lherzolite have been realized at 0.6 and 1.0 GPa and the chemical compositional variations of melts during different melting stages have been first discussed. The results show that the trends of variations in SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, Na2O and TiO2 are different at different melting stages. The melts produced at lower pressure are richer in SiO2 than those at higher pressure. The mantle-derived silica-rich fluids (silicate melts) are polygenetic, but the basic and intermediate-acid silicate melts in mantle peridotite xenoliths from the same host rocks, which have equivalent contents of volatile and alkali components and different contents of other components, should result from in-situ (low-degree) partial melting of mantle peridotite under different conditions (e.g. at different depths, with introduction of C-O-H fluids or in the presence of metasomatic minerals). The intermediate-acid melts may be the result of partial melting (at lower pressure) Opx + Sp + K-Na-rich fluid ±(Am-phi) ± (Phlog) = OI + melt. But the intermediate-acid magmas cannot be produced from the partial melting of normal mantle peridotite unless the crustal materials are introduced to some extent.