The Benefits of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Association with Gastric Eradication

Periodontitis is a chronic degenerative disease which is inflammatory and whose bacteriological aetiology interests the hard and soft tissues supporting the dental elements. A typical characteristic of periodontitis is its correlation with other branches of medicine since periodontal disease is often associated with several other illnesses or systemic conditions which exacerbate or predispose the course of the disease. Amongst the most frequent gastroduodenal diseases are those associated with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infections such as acute gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric atrophy, gastritis ulcers, dysplasia, duodenal ulcer, gastric cancer, gastric MALT-lymphoma. Transmission of the microorganism occurs through iatrogenic pathways (faecal-oral, oral-oral) and through food and water ingestion. From this the possible role of the oral cavity becomes evident as a means of transmitting the microorganism and as an extra-gastric reservoir of Hp which develops inside the oral plaque, the main aetiological agent of periodontal disease. Considering that in a patient affected with periodontal disease the oral cavity presents elevated indices of bacterial plaque in association with infrabony pockets one is brought to ask if it might represent a favourable habitat for Hp colonisation. Furthermore, another query that one might pose is whether the presence of Hp in the oral cavity might be the cause of relapse in gastric infections caused by Hp. Consequently, might non-surgical periodontal treatment, in association with an eradicating gastric therapy, foster decontamination of the microorganism in the oral cavity leading to a better prevention of relapse and re-infection of the gastric cavity? Could non-surgical periodontal treatment thus mean prevention of gastric diseases brought on by Helicobacter pylori? The objective of this study is therefore to evaluate the incidence of periodontal disease and oral Hp infection in patients affected by gastric Hpinfection and to determine the possible benefits of the association of non-surgical periodontal therapy with eradicating gastric therapy compared with treatment that involves just the eradicating gastric therapy in patients who are affected by periodontal disease and Hp infection.

Multidisciplinary non-surgical treatment of advanced periodontitis:A case report

BACKGROUND Patients with severe periodontitis often require multidisciplinary treatment to achieve healthy periodontal tissue,normal occlusion,and optimal aesthetics.In the present study,we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of multidisciplinary non-surgical treatment in a patient with stage IV/grade C periodontitis,malocclusion,and dentition defects.CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old woman visited our periodontology department due to teeth mobility problems and difficulties chewing food.The patient had no history of drug allergies or systemic disease.Initial therapy involved scaling and root planning with a Gracey scaler and periodontal ultrasonic therapeutic apparatus using a periodontal endoscope(Perioscopy,Zest Dental Solutions,United States)to control the periodontal inflammation prior to treatment.Five months later,orthodontic treatment was then performed to treat occlusion and overall aesthetics.After completion,a Maryland bridge was used to restore Nos.22,31,and 41 teeth.Florida probing(Florida probe,United States)was performed every 2-3 mo to evaluate the periodontal condition throughout treatment.Overall,multidisciplinary non-surgical treatment resulted in satisfactory aesthetic results with healthy periodontal tissue and stable occlusion.CONCLUSION In some patients with stage IV/grade C periodontitis,systematic and sequential non-surgical treatment can provide excellent therapeutic results.

Impact of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on the Salivary Levels of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinse-1 (TIMP-1) in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Third World Experience

Chronic periodontitis is a disease of public health concern due to its high prevalence globally, especially in the elderly. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on salivary levels of TIMP-1 among patients with chronic periodontitis in Nigeria. In this experimental study, unstimulated whole saliva (2 mL) was collected from participants in the experimental and control groups, coded (SP1-40 and SH1-40) respectively and assays for salivary TIMP-1as well as clinical measurements such as plaque (PI), probing depths (PD), and CAL were recorded before and 4 weeks after periodontal treatment. Assay was done using Quantikine human TIMP-1 ELISA kit. Data were presented using frequency tables, means and standard deviation. Paired-T Test assessed association between salivary TIMP-1 before and after treatment. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to correlate salivary TIMP-1 levels with clinical parameters of periodontal disease and levels of statistical significance were set at p < 0.05. A total of 80 respondents participated in the study of which 43.80% were females. Age range was 18 - 60 years with a mean of 35.8 ± 12.46 years. Salivary TIMP-1 levels were lower in the case group (13.58 ± 6.53 ng/mL) than the control (15.27 ± 6.10 ng/mL) at baseline but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.13). There was a statistically significant increase in the salivary levels of TIMP-1 in the case group after phase-one periodontal therapy from 13.58 ± 6.53 ng/mL to 17.24 ± 8.44 ng/mL (p = 0.001). Negative correlations were observed between TIMP-1 and clinical parameters of periodontitis. This was not statistically significant. Therefore, TIMP-1 may not be an ideal biomarker for periodontal diagnosis but may be useful in treatment monitoring of the disease.

THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS IN DIABETIC CHINESE

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of non-surgical treatment on diabetic Chinese with chronic periodontitis. Methods Moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis (CP) was studied in 36 diabetes mellitus （DM) patients ctassified as 20 with hihg and fluctuating blood glucose level (DM-H) and 16 with relatively low and stable blood glucose level (DM-L). 28 non-DM CP patients acted as controls (Non-DM). Plaque index (PII), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss ( AL ) of all patients were recorded at 6 sites on each tooth at the baseline and 1,3 and 6 months after oral hygiene instruction ( OHI) , scaling and root planing. Results It was found that the short-term effect of non-surgical periodontal procedure had resulted in significant resolution of gingival inflammation and pronounced reduction in pocket depth and gain of attachment loss in both DM and Non-DM CP patients. Conclusion The pilot study suggested that non-surgical periodontal treatment allowed for favorable treatment responses in a group of Chinese diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis and that their various profiles of blood glucose did not influence the short-term healing response to OHI, scaling and root planning.

Advances in diagnosis and non-surgical treatment of Bell's palsy

Bell’s palsy is a commonly seen cranial nerve disease and can result in compromised facial appearance and functions. Its etiology, prognosis and treatment are still being debated. This paper is a review of recent development in the understanding of etiology, diagnosis and non-surgical treatment of Bell’s palsy.

Periodontal conditions and treatment in urban and rural population of West Bengal,India

Objective:To search adequate epidemiological data on periodontal conditions for the planning of oral health programs in Indian population,and to determine the prevalence of periodontal diseases,in regards to age and gender of urban and rural population in West Bengal.India. Methods:22 542 subjects aged 15 years onwards,representative of rural and urban areas of West Bengal were examined for their periodontal conditions using the community periodontal index(CPI).Results:Supra and/or sub gingival calculus dominated as the most frequent score (score 2) among males(76.51%) and females(76.58%),which was least affected in young age group and higher in rural population.Severity of highest score were significant(P【0.001) according to their gender,age group and habitation and had independent effects(P【0.001) on it. Mean number of sextants affected by scores 1,2,3,& 4 were more in the rural areas.Assessed treatment needed was predominantly typeⅡ(Scaling and improved oral hygiene).Conclusions: The severe periodontal condition(Score 2,3 and 4) is observed among rural males in older age group more than its urban counterparts of West Bengal,India.

Non-Surgical Orthodontic Treatment of Class III Adult with Posterior Crossbite, Anterior Open Bite and Asymmetric Occlusion, Using TADs and Auxiliary Wires: A Case Report

Class III malocclusion associated with posterior crossbite, anterior open bite pattern with asymmetric occlusion in adults can be a challenging orthodontic problem, especially for the nonsurgical treatment. Skeletal Class III anteroposterior discrepancies in adult patients are generally managed either by surgical-orthodontic treatment or by orthodontic camouflage through dentoalveolar compensation. Although correction with surgery may be the most effective and stable way, many patients refuse surgical treatment plan because of the costs and traumas it may bring. This case report describes the successful use of TADs with expansion auxiliary wire to treat a 24-year-old man with skeletal class III malocclusion, posterior crossbite, anterior open-bite and asymmetric occlusion, mild upper and lower dental spacing and a chief manifestation of anterior crossbite. The patient refused surgery. A treatment plan was formulated consisting of using auxiliary expansion wire to expand the maxillary arch, 8 mm mini-screws between the roots of the mandibular canines and first premolars, preadjusted edgewise brackets to align the teeth, Class III and asymmetric elastics to correct the canines, premolars, and molars relationship and midline deviation, reverse curve of the nickel-titanium wire combined with anterior vertical elastics to intrude molars and correct the anterior open-bite. In this case, without going through surgery, the posterior cross-bite was corrected, and ideal overjet and overbite relationships, midline coincidence and functional occlusion were all achieved. Satisfactory occlusal, functional, esthetic and stable results were obtained.

Non-Surgical Treatment with Chemical Peeling and Subsequent Vitamin C Iontophoresis for Rolling Scars in Acne Vulgaris

A 19-year-old man had atrophic scars on bilateral temple for several years. The atrophic scars were composed of rolling scars (three depressions, 8 × 4 mm in diameter), ice pick scars and boxcar scar. The patient was treated with chemical peeling (CP) using 20% glycolic acid (GA) (pH 3.2) and subsequent iontophoresis with vitamin C derivative at one month’s interval twice. Remarkable improvement was observed;the rolling scars almost disappeared with traces of hypopigmented macule. However, the ice pick scars and boxcar scar did not improve. CP and subsequent vitamin C iontophoresis can be an alternative non-surgical and non-invasive treatment for rolling scar in acne.

Relationship between diabetes and periodontal infection

Periodontal disease is a high prevalent disease.In the United States 47.2% of adults ≥ 30 years old have been diagnosed with some type of periodontitis.Longitudinal studies have demonstrated a two-way relationship between diabetes and periodontitis,with more severe periodontal tissue destruction in diabetic patients and poorer glycemic control in diabetic subjects with periodontal disease.Periodontal treatment can be successful in diabetic patients.Short term effects of periodontal treatment are similar in diabetic patients and healthy population but,more recurrence of periodontal disease can be expected in no well controlled diabetic individuals.However,effects of periodontitis and its treatment on diabetes metabolic control are not clearly defined and results of the studies remain controversial.

Generalized periodontitis treated with periodontal,orthodontic,and prosthodontic therapy:A case report

BACKGROUND Generalized periodontitis is a severe periodontal disease characterized by rapid periodontal destruction in healthy persons.This case report describes the treatment of a severe crowding,large overjet,and occlusal collapse due to the loss of anterior guidance with generalized periodontitis.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of crowding and maxillary protrusion was diagnosed with generalized periodontitis by clinical and radiographic examinations.To improve crowding and overjet,orthodontic treatment was performed after basic periodontal therapy.Severely damaged upper right lateral incisor and left canine were extracted,and lower right first premolar and left second premolar were also removed to treat severe crowding.After orthodontic treatment,periodontal flap surgery for upper left molars and guided tissue regeneration for the lower left second molar was performed.Then,a dental implant was inserted in the upper left canine legion.The esthetics of the maxillary anterior tooth was improved by prosthetic restorations.The treatment result showed a well-improved occlusion with proper anterior guidance and healthy periodontal tissue after a retention period of 10 years.CONCLUSION Periodontal,orthodontic,and prosthodontic treatments are extremely useful to improve function and stable periodontal tissue for generalized periodontitis.

Non-Invasive management of invasive cervical resorption associated with periodontal pocket: A case report

BACKGROUND Invasive cervical resorption(ICR), a commonly misdiagnosed condition, is an aggressive form of external tooth resorption that contributes to periodontal tissue inflammation and deepening of the periodontal pockets. Herein we report the case of a patient, exhibiting ICR and elaborate the effects of a non-surgical approach in the amelioration of this condition.CASE SUMMARY A 21-year-old female reporting intermittent pain at the upper left side, multiple restorations, no trauma history, and having received orthodontic treatment was studied. Localized erythematous swelling was noted at the buccal interdental papilla between the left maxillary first molar and second premolar. The diseased pulp and tissue in resorption were removed and the root canal system including the defect were sealed using gutta percha/AH Plus and mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA). At the one-year recall, the tooth showed no symptoms and responded normally to percussion and palpation. The surrounding periodontium exhibited a normal color and the probing depth was normal. Radiographic examination showed a restoration of crestal alveolar bone and good adaption to MTA.CONCLUSION Non-surgical root canal treatment in conjunction with resorption defect orthograde repair with MTA was found to be an effective treatment option in the elimination of ICR. Early diagnoses are recommended in order to employ nonsurgical approaches for management of ICR instead of surgical interventions.

Root Canal Treatment Outcome and Restorative Condition of Teeth Treated by Undergraduates—A Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation

Background: The aim was to evaluate the nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment (nRCT) outcome, the restorative condition and the relationship between the coronal restoration quality and the outcome of teeth endodontic treated by undergraduates at the University of Caxias do Sul School of Dentistry (UCS-SD), Brazil, between 2019 and 2021. Materials and Methods: Data from the endodontically treated cases were retrieved, and the patients were recalled for a follow-up appointment at the university. The endodontic diagnosis, radiographs, and the presence of definitive restorations were analyzed in the clinical records. During the follow-up appointment, endodontically treated teeth were classified as present or absent. The nRCT was classified as successful (complete or incomplete healing) or failure (uncertain or unsatisfactory healing). Coronal restoration was classified as absent or present. When it was present, it was classified as permanent or temporary, and its quality as adequate or inadequate restoration. The results were presented as percentages. Results: A total of 257 teeth were endodontically treated. The most prevalent diagnosis was Chronic Apical Periodontitis (33.33%) and the most commonly treated teeth were premolars (46.15%). A total of 52 (21%) treated teeth were clinically and radiographically reexamined. The success rate for the nRCT was 98.08%. About 61.54% of this sample had a definitive composite resin restoration. Conclusion: The nRCT success rate was high. Special attention should be given to the presence and quality of the definitive restoration. Clinical Implications: There was no statistically significant impact between the coronal restoration and the nRCT success (P > 0.05).

Five-year outcomes of immediate implant placement for mandibular molars with and without chronic apical periodontitis:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Most physicians consider molars with chronic apical periodontitis(CAP)lesions as contraindications for immediate implant placement.At the patient’s request,we perform immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP in clinical practice.AIM To retrospectively analyze and compare the 5-year outcomes of immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP and those without obvious inflammation.METHODS The clinical data of patients with immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,from June 2015 to June 2017 were collected.The patients were divided into CAP(n=52)and no-CAP(n=45)groups.Changes in bone mineral density and bone mass around implants were analyzed 5 years after implant restoration.RESULTS At 5 years after implantation,the peri-implant bone mineral density was 528.2±78.8 Hounsfield unit(HU)in the CAP group and 562.6±82.9 HU in the no-CAP group(P=0.126).Marginal bone resorption around implants did not differ significantly between the two groups,including buccal(P=0.268)or lingual(P=0.526)resorption in the vertical direction or buccal(P=0.428)or lingual(P=0.560)resorption in the horizontal direction.Changes in the peri-implant jump space did not differ significantly between the two groups,including the buccal(P=0.247)or lingual(P=0.604)space in the vertical direction or buccal(P=0.527)or lingual(P=0.707)space in the horizontal direction.The gray value of cone-beam computed tomography measured using Image J software can reflect the bone mineral density.In the CAP area,the gray values of the bone tissue immediately and 5 years after implant placement differed significantly from those of the surrounding bone tissue(P<0.01).CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP can achieve satisfactory 5-year clinical results,without significant differences in the complications,survival rate,or bone tissue condition from the no-CAP mandibular molars.

无托槽隐形矫治器内收前牙时后牙移动趋势及牙周膜应力分布

目的 :利用三维数字化技术对无托槽隐形矫治器内收前牙时后牙移动趋势及牙周膜应力分布进行分析。方法 :选择广西壮族自治区人民医院2017年6月—2022年6月收治的88例患者CBCT数据,将其输入Mimics 20.0软件中,对其各部位进行初步抽取,使用STL文件进行存储。通过Geomagic Studio 2014软件进行修补和优化,在优化基础上,构建无托槽隐形矫治器和牙周膜模型。利用Ansys Workbench19.0 FEM软件对6个FEM模型进行模拟仿真与观测,分析当前牙整体回收时,不同组别患者支抗牙的初始移动趋势与牙周膜范式等效应力分布。采用SPSS 21.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:所有患者支抗牙均发生不同程度牙根部颊向移动等倾向,其中,第二前磨牙位置移动在近中咬合方向上表现最为明显;而水平矩形附件组与垂直矩形附件组成相对关系,牙周膜最大范式等效应力大范围分布于牙颈部,接着是根尖区,以NA组支抗牙的范式等效应力值最大。附件垂直矩形组中,所有患者牙周膜最大范式等效应力值显著小于水平矩形组。结论:正畸牙附件设计对前牙回收时的位置移动具有较强抑制作用,在一定程度上提升了牙三维方向移动的精确性。无托槽隐形矫治器应用初期,患者牙周膜受到的范式等效应力较大。

糖尿病伴牙周炎治疗中牙周基础治疗联合甘露饮对糖代谢指标的影响

目的探究糖尿病伴牙周炎治疗中牙周基础治疗联合甘露饮对糖代谢指标的影响。方法选取2023年1月—2024年2月吕梁市人民医院收治的98例糖尿病伴牙周炎患者为研究对象,以随机摸球法分为两组,各49例。两组均行常规降糖治疗,对照组结合牙周基础治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合甘露饮治疗。比较两组糖代谢、牙周指标、炎症因子、生活质量。结果治疗1个月,研究组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗1个月,研究组龈沟出血指数、菌斑指数、附着丧失水平均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。研究组各项炎症因子水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。研究组各项生活质量评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论糖尿病伴牙周炎治疗中应用牙周基础治疗联合甘露饮,能够降低患者血糖水平,改善牙周指标,降低炎症因子水平,提高患者生活质量。

牙周正畸联合治疗慢性牙周炎的前瞻性临床研究

目的探讨牙周正畸联合治疗过程中咬合力动态监测对于最终治疗效果,以及牙周支持组织改变的影响。方法对比20例传统牙周正畸治疗患者与20例运用T-ScanⅢ和Anycheck数字化咬合分析系统辅助分析的牙周正畸联合治疗患者在治疗前、中、后的牙周临床指数的不同,以及实验组咬合力变化、咬合时间变化和牙松动度值变化的情况。结果2组患者的牙周-正畸联合治疗后牙周袋深度(PD)、附着丧失(AL)、出血指数(BI)和牙松动度明显降低(P<0.05);对照组前后牙咬合力百分比变化明显(P<0.05),咬合平衡改善。结论牙周-正畸联合治疗能很好的改善牙周炎患者牙周组织情况,T-Scan系统能很好地观察和指导调整咬合,更好地达到咬合平衡。

巨噬细胞极化在牙周炎发病及治疗中的作用

背景:菌斑生物膜引发的宿主免疫反应是牙周炎进展和破坏的始作俑者,巨噬细胞是参与其中的主要免疫细胞,在炎症发生发展过程中发挥着重要作用。目的:主要对巨噬细胞极化与牙周炎的关系及通过调控巨噬细胞极化治疗牙周炎的相关进展进行综述。方法:应用计算机检索PubMed和中国知网数据库1990-2023年发表的相关文献,英文检索词为“macrophage polarization,M1/M2 macrophage,periodontitis,periodontitis treatment,macrophage polarization and periodontitis,osteoimmunology,ferroptosis,macrophage polarization and ferroptosis,periodontitis and ferroptosis”,中文检索词为“巨噬细胞极化,M1/M2巨噬细胞,牙周炎,牙周炎治疗,骨免疫,铁死亡”。经初筛后,选定96篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:巨噬细胞不同表型之间的转换与牙周炎组织破坏密切相关,其分泌的多种细胞因子和炎症递质参与调控了牙周组织的破坏与修复过程,调节巨噬细胞表型及细胞因子分泌有助于降低牙周炎炎症水平、改善牙周微环境,从而减少组织破坏或促进牙周组织再生。目前已有许多研究着力于开发药物或生物材料来调节巨噬细胞功能,从而达到免疫调控治疗牙周炎的目的,但由于巨噬细胞的作用贯穿牙周炎发生发展过程,在抗感染、骨破坏和骨修复过程中均扮演重要角色,且极化本身是一个复杂的动态过程,受诸多因素的影响,所以仍需探索更多可能的机制来明确材料或药物与巨噬细胞间的交互作用。

1例重度牙周炎患者牙周种植联合治疗5年观察

Ⅳ期C级牙周炎是临床上分期分级最严重的牙周炎类型,这类患者常伴有牙列缺损与软硬组织缺损,需要联合多学科针对病情设计个性化治疗方案。本文报道1例广泛型Ⅳ期C级牙周炎患者的序列治疗全过程,包括病情分析、治疗的个性化设计、多学科联合手术过程、支持治疗以及5年随访观察。

牙周基础治疗联合米诺环素在慢性单纯性牙龈炎治疗中的疗效观察

目的观察牙周基础治疗联合米诺环素治疗慢性单纯性牙龈炎的疗效。方法选择2018年4月至2023年6月我院慢性单纯性牙龈炎患者100例,以信封随机法分为对照组和研究组,各50例,对照组实施牙周基础治疗,研究组加以米诺环素治疗,观察两组牙周指标的变化、不良反应发生情况以及治疗效果。结果治疗后,两组各牙周指标均有改善,研究组探诊深度(PD)小于对照组,菌斑指数(PLI)、龈沟出血指数(SBI)明显低于对照组,总治疗率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应情况相近,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论牙周基础治疗联合米诺环素治疗慢性单纯性牙龈炎患者疗效显著,可改善患者牙周指标,且具有较高的安全性。