Periosteum derived stem cells for regenerative medicine proposals: boosting current knowledge

Periosteum is a thin fibrous layer that covers most bones. It resides in a dynamic mechanically loaded environment and provides a niche for pluripotent cells and a source for molecular factors that modulate cell behaviour. Elucidating periosteum regenerative poten-tial has become a hot topic in orthopaedics. This review discusses the state of the art of osteochondral tissue engineering rested on periosteum derived progenitor cells(PDPCs) and suggests upcoming research direc-tions. Periosteal cells isolation, characterization and migration in the site of injury, as well as their differen-tiation, are analysed. Moreover, the role of cell mecha-nosensing and its contribution to matrix organization, bone microarchitecture and bone stenght is examined. In this regard the role of periostin and its upregulation under mechanical stress in order to preserve PDPC sur-vival and bone tissue integrity is contemplated. The re-view also summarized the role of the periosteum in the field of dentistry and maxillofacial reconstruction. The involvement of microRNAs in osteoblast differentiation and in endogenous tissue repair is explored as well. Fi-nally the novel concept of a guided bone regenerationbased on the use of periosteum itself as a smart mate-rial and the realization of constructs able to mimic the extracellular matrix features is talked out. Additionally, since periosteum can differentiate into insulin produc-ing cells it could be a suitable source in allogenic trans-plantations. That innovative applications would takeadvantage from investigations aimed to assess PDPCimmune privilege.

3D-printed,bi-layer,biomimetic artificial periosteum for boosting bone regeneration

Periosteum,a membrane covering the surface of the bone,plays an essential role in maintaining the function of bone tissue—and especially in providing nourishment and vascularization during the bone regeneration process.Currently,most artificial periostea have relatively weak mechanical strength and a rapid degradation rate,and they lack integrated angiogenesis and osteogenesis functions.In this study,a bi-layer,biomimetic,artificial periosteum composed of a methacrylated gelatin–nano-hydroxyapatite(GelMA-nHA)cambium layer and a poly(N-acryloyl 2-lycine)(PACG)-GelMA-Mg^(2+)fibrous layer was fabricated via 3D printing.The GelMA-nHA layer is shown to undertake the function of improving osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with the sustainable release of Ca^(2+) from nHA nanoparticles.The hydrogen-bonding-strengthened P(ACG-GelMA-L)-Mg^(2+)hydrogel layer serves to protect the inner defect site and prolong degradation time(60 days)to match new bone regeneration.Furthermore,the released magnesium ion exhibits a prominent effect in regulating the polarization phenotype of macrophage cells into theM2 phenotype and thus promotes the angiogenesis of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro.This bi-layer artificial periosteum was implanted into a critical-sized cranial bone defect in rats,and the 12-week post-operative outcomes demonstrate optimal new bone regeneration.

Experiment study on combined free periosteum grafting and new reconstituted bone xenograft in repairing segmental defects

Objective: To study the efficacy of combined use of a new grafting material, new reconstituted bone xenograft (NRBX) and free periosteal graft in repair of segmental bony defects. Methods: NRBX was made by combining recombi- nant human BMP2(rhBMP2) and an antigen-free bovine cancellous bone (BCB) as a carrier. NRBX was used alone, in combination with free periosteal graft to repair a 1. 5 cm defect in the radius of rabbit. The defect-repairing capability for each of the treatment modalities was assessed with radiographical, biomechanical, densitometrical and histological methods. Results: NRBX used alone was capable of healing the defect in large by 16 weeks, with a similar repair process and mecha- nism seen with econstituted bone xenograft (RBX). Combined use of NRBX and free periosteal graft was superior in terms of increased and quality of the new bone formed at the early stage of the repair pass (within 12 weeks) to NRBX used alone, with the defect basically healed by 12 weeks. Conclusion: Both methods are effective in repairing segmental bone defects, but NRBX used in combination with free periosteal graft is preferred, because of the satisfactory osteogenesis, osteoconduction and osteoinduction.

Giant nodular fasciitis originating from the humeral periosteum:A case report

BACKGROUND Nodular fasciitis(NF)is a self-limiting tumor that mostly occurs in the subcutaneous superficial fascia.NF originating from the appendicular periosteum is extremely rare.A large NF lesion of periosteal origin can be misdiagnosed as a malignant bone tumor and may cause overtreatment.CASE SUMMARY A right axillary mass was found in a 46-year-old man and was initially diagnosed intraoperatively as low-grade sarcoma,but later diagnosed as NF after postresection histopathological evaluation.Furthermore,fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed a USP6 gene rearrangement that confirmed the diagnosis.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first case of NF in the humeral periosteum.CONCLUSION NF poses a diagnostic challenge as it is often mistaken for sarcoma.Postoperative histopathological examination of whole sections can be combined with immunohistochemical staining and,if necessary,the diagnosis can be confirmed by molecular detection,and thus help avoid overtreatment.

Reconstruction of Hemipelvectomy Defect Using a Fillet Flap with Femoral Periosteum

Backgrounds: Reconstruction after hemipelvectomy is very important for rehabilitation into society. The pelvis plays an important role for support of the intra-abdominal organs. Methods: We operated 3 cases using fillet flaps with the femoral periosteum for reconstruction of hemipelvectomy defect. Results: It is useful to elevate the flap all around with the femoral periosteum, because the periosteum can be sutured to supporting pelvic structures with the aim to support intra-abdominal organs. Conclusion: Without alternative supports for the bony pelvis, pelvic reconstructions are at risk for hernia and it may be difficult for outpatients to fit their habiliments after radical cure. The rigid support for the intra-abdominal organs occurs in association with the suture pelvic and femoral periosteum.

Reconstruction of tracheal defect using the contralateral musculo-periosteum flap of the sternocleidomastoideus with clavicular periosteum

To reconstruct tracheal defect after tumor excision,we used the contralateral musculo-periosteum flap of the sternocleidomastoideus with clavicular periosteum.Methods The contralateral musculo-periosteum flap of the sternocleidomastoideus with clavicular periosteum was used to reconstruct the tracheal defect when the blood supply to the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoideus was destroyed because of lymphonode clearing or radiotherapy.The pedicle of the musculo-periosteum flap was dissected adequately and the blood supply was protected carefully.Results All flaps survived with epithelization and osteogenesis.The endotracheal tubes were pulled out safely without trachea stenosis in all the patients.Conclusion The contralateral musculo-periosteum flap of the sternocleidomastoideus with clavicular periosteum could reconstruct the tracheal defect when the ipsilateral blood supply was damaged.This method extends the application of the musculo-periosteum flap.3 refs,4 figs.

Irisin-loaded electrospun core-shell nanofibers as calvarial periosteum accelerate vascularized bone regeneration by activating the mitochondrial SIRT3 pathway

The scarcity of native periosteum poses a significant clinical barrier in the repair of critical-sized bone defects.The challenge of enhancing regenerative potential in bone healing is further compounded by oxidative stress at the fracture site.However,the introduction of artificial periosteum has demonstrated its ability to promote bone regeneration through the provision of appropriate mechanical support and controlled release of proosteogenic factors.In this study,a poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA)/hyaluronic acid(HA)-based nanofibrous membrane was fabricated using the coaxial electrospinning technique.The incorporation of irisin into the core-shell structure of PLLA/HA nanofibers(PLLA/HA@Irisin)achieved its sustained release.In vitro experiments demonstrated that the PLLA/HA@Irisin membranes exhibited favorable biocompatibility.The osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSCs)was improved by PLLA/HA@Irisin,as evidenced by a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization.Mechanistically,PLLA/HA@Irisin significantly enhanced the mitochondrial function of BMMSCs via the activation of the sirtuin 3 antioxidant pathway.To assess the therapeutic effectiveness,PLLA/HA@Irisin membranes were implanted in situ into critical-sized calvarial defects in rats.The results at 4 and 8 weeks post-surgery indicated that the implantation of PLLA/HA@Irisin exhibited superior efficacy in promoting vascularized bone formation,as demonstrated by the enhancement of bone matrix synthesis and the development of new blood vessels.The results of our study indicate that the electrospun PLLA/HA@Irisin nanofibers possess characteristics of a biomimetic periosteum,showing potential for effectively treating critical-sized bone defects by improving the mitochondrial function and maintaining redox homeostasis of BMMSCs.

Current practice in autologous rib and costal-cartilage harvest for rhinoplasty:A systematic review

Background:Autologous costal grafts are used universally in clinical practice for rhinoplasty and reconstruction.However,surgeons worldwide have not agreed on the details of graft harvesting,including rib selection,side preference,operation mode,cutting methods,and handling of the periosteum and perichondrium.This study aimed to provide an overview of the novel techniques used for auto-rib harvesting in rhinoplasty within the past 5 years and identify potential avenues for future research.Methods:We searched for related articles in PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science from 2019 to 2023,summa-rized crucial but controversial steps in recent practice,and analyzed their theoretical basis and clinical feasibility.Results:Auto-rib and cartilage open harvest is still mainstream in rhinoplasty and reconstruction,with the 5th to 8th ribs and cartilage being the most used.The laparoscopic harvest is gaining attention,being second only to the open harvest,with the 9th/10th ribs and cartilages being particularly convenient.The clinical applications of full-cut and split-cut methods differ in their advantages.Except for some special reasons,almost all studies tended to preserve the periosteum and perichondrium in situ,and few surgeons chose to harvest the grafts on the left side.Conclusion:Multiple techniques have emerged,requiring surgeons to balance the benefits and risks of various strategies at each step.New theories and techniques should be fully tested promptly and in clinical practice before wide application.Overall,a professional consensus is needed for better directivity,precision,and stability in clinical practice.

静电纺丝聚偏氟乙烯压电仿生骨膜的细胞相容性

背景:聚偏氟乙烯具有压电性能、良好的生物相容性和无毒性,使其成为骨膜修复合适的候选材料。目的:评价掺锌镁离子静电纺丝聚偏氟乙烯压电仿生骨膜的体外细胞毒性。方法:采用静电纺丝技术分别制备纯聚偏氟乙烯、掺锌离子聚偏氟乙烯、掺镁离子聚偏氟乙烯、掺锌镁离子聚偏氟乙烯压电仿生骨膜,依次命名为PVDF、PVDF-Zn、PVDF-Mg和PVDF-Zn-Mg,其中锌、镁离子的质量分数均为1%。将成骨细胞、血管内皮细胞分别与4组仿生骨膜共培养,通过碱性磷酸酶染色、CD31免疫荧光染色、扫描电镜观察与CCK-8法检测仿生骨膜的细胞相容性。结果与结论:①成骨细胞:培养7 d的碱性磷酸酶染色显示,PVDF-Zn组碱性磷酸酶分泌多于其他3组。扫描电镜下可见,培养1 d时,细胞在PVDF-Mg和PVDF-Zn-Mg仿生骨膜表面得到了一定的铺展,伪足向四周伸展;到3 d时,各组细胞边缘向材料伸出伪足;到第5,7天时,细胞铺展充分、生长形态良好且牢牢地覆盖在纤维表面,细胞伪足向四周及纤维空隙中伸展。CCK-8检测显示,随着时间的推移,各组仿生骨膜上的细胞增殖呈上升趋势,培养1,3,5,7 d的细胞相对增殖率均≥75%,细胞毒性≤1级。②血管内皮细胞:培养3 d的CD31免疫荧光染色显示,细胞在各组仿生骨膜上良好地黏附和铺展,彼此连接,其中PVDF-Zn-Mg组细胞数量多于其他3组。扫描电镜下可见,培养1,3 d时,细胞开始黏附在各组纤维表面;到5 d时,细胞在纤维表面均铺展良好并伸出明显的伪足;到7 d时,PVDF-Mg、PVDF-Zn-Mg仿生骨膜上的细胞呈复层生长,并伸展伪足至纤维空隙内。CCK-8检测显示,随着时间推移,各组仿生骨膜上的细胞增殖呈下降趋势,培养1,3,5,7 d的细胞相对增殖率均≥125%,细胞毒性为0级。③结果表明:掺锌镁离子静电纺丝聚偏氟乙烯压电仿生骨膜具有良好的细胞相容性。

静电纺丝聚偏氟乙烯压电仿生骨膜的生物相容性评价

背景:课题组前期研究发现,静电纺丝聚偏氟乙烯仿生骨膜具有良好的细胞相容性,但其生物相容性尚不清楚。目的:评价掺Zn2+、Mg2+聚偏氟乙烯仿生骨膜的生物相容性。方法:取前期研究采用静电纺丝技术制备的聚偏氟乙烯、掺1%Zn2+聚偏氟乙烯、掺1%Mg2+聚偏氟乙烯、掺1%Zn2++1%Mg2+聚偏氟乙烯仿生骨膜,制备各组仿生骨膜浸提液,选择SD大鼠为实验对象,进行溶血实验、短期全身毒性实验、热源实验,选择豚鼠为实验对象,进行皮肤致敏实验,检测4组仿生骨膜的生物相容性。结果与结论:①溶血实验结果显示,掺1%Zn2+聚偏氟乙烯、掺1%Mg2+聚偏氟乙烯、掺1%Zn2++1%Mg2+聚偏氟乙烯仿生骨膜及聚偏氟乙烯浸提液的溶血率分别为(0.130±0.013)%,(0.149±0.020)%,(0.466±0.018)%,(0.037±0.018)%,符合生物材料血液相容性性标准;②短期全身毒性实验结果显示,4组仿生骨膜浸提液灌胃干预后未引起SD大鼠体质量减轻、摄食量变化及呼吸困难等毒性体征,对大鼠的主要脏器无毒性作用;③热源实验结果显示,掺1%Zn2+聚偏氟乙烯、掺1%Mg2+聚偏氟乙烯、掺1%Zn2++1%Mg2+聚偏氟乙烯及聚偏氟乙烯仿生骨膜浸提液干预后,SD大鼠体温升高值分别为(0.133±0.058),(0.100±0.010),(0.300±0.010),(0.300±0.017)℃,均小于0.6℃,体温升高度数总和均小于1.4℃;④皮肤致敏实验结果显示,4组仿生骨膜浸提液干预后豚鼠皮下未见红斑与水肿。结果表明:聚偏氟乙烯与掺Zn2+、Mg2+聚偏氟乙烯仿生骨膜具有良好的生物相容性。

内源性骨膜引导骨再生过程中信号通路富集及FZD家族动态表达研究

目的研究内源性骨膜引导骨再生过程中信号通路富集及卷曲蛋白(FZD)家族动态表达。方法建立猪闭合肋骨膜引导下的骨再生模型,选择7个时间点采集骨膜和再生骨组织进行基因测序,分析差异基因筛选以及相关信号通路富集的情况。选取与骨再生过程中密切相关的FZD分子家族,检测并分析FZD各成员的动态表达变化及其表达相关性。结果实验组相较于对照组,共有7个基因在建模后1个月内的不同时间点持续存在差异表达。差异基因富集显示,早期主要存在免疫反应,后实现组织发展和重塑。FZD家族各成员在不同时间点的表达存在波动,大多数成员的表达高峰在术后3 d,而实验组的倍数改变高峰在术后1个月最为明显,FZD1和FZD2最高,且二者具有较高的相关性。结论本研究筛选出的骨膜引导性骨再生过程中的差异基因以及相关信号通路,为进一步的分子机制研究提供了理论依据,而FZD分子家族动态表达变化在该过程中发挥着重要作用,其具体参与的生物机制尚需进一步研究验证。

骨膜细胞的生物学特征与组织工程应用

骨膜细胞是一种源自骨膜的多能性干细胞,为再生医学领域提供了潜在的种子细胞来源。近年来,骨膜细胞在基础研究领域取得了显著进展,笔者就骨膜细胞的生物学特征、相关的信号通路、不同的细胞亚群以及影响骨膜细胞成骨的积极和消极因素进行综述,并对其在临床应用以及组织工程领域的发展前景进行了展望。

Reconstruction of segmental bone defects in the rabbit ulna using periosteum encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells-loaded poly（lactic-co-glycolic acid） scaffolds

Background Repair of large bone defects remains a challenge for clinicians. The present study investigated the ability of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） and/or periosteum-loaded poly（lactic-co-glycolic acid） （PLGA） to promote new bone formation within rabbit ulnar segmental bone defects. Methods Rabbit bone marrow-derived MSCs （passage 3） were seeded onto porous PLGA scaffolds. Forty segmental bone defects, each 15 mm in length, were created in the rabbit ulna, from which periosteum was obtained. Bone defects were treated with either PLGA alone （group A）, PLGA ＋ MSCs （group B）, periosteum-wrapped PLGA （group C） or periosteum-wrapped PLGA/MSCs （group D）. At 6 and 12 weeks post-surgery, samples were detected by gross observation, radiological examination （X-ray and micro-CT） and histological analyses. Results Group D, comprising both periosteum and MSCs, showed better bone quality, higher X-ray scores and a greater amount of bone volume compared with the other three groups at each time point （P 〈0.05）. No significant differences in radiological scores and amount of bone volume were found between groups B and C （P 〉0.05）, both of which were significantly higher than group A （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions Implanted MSCs combined with periosteum have a synergistic effect on segmental bone regeneration and that periosteum plays a critical role in the process. Fabrication of angiogenic and osteogenic cellular constructs or tissue-engineered periosteum will have broad applications in bone tissue engineering.

细菌纤维素/羟基磷灰石@聚醚砜骨膜支架的制备及其性能研究

骨膜作为骨缺损修复过程中营养物质的来源及膜内成骨过程中的核心位点,其结构和功能的重建对大尺度骨缺损的修复起到极其重要的作用。基于此,为了模拟天然骨膜的结构和功能,将聚醚砜(PES)和羟基磷灰石(HAp)混合,通过静电纺丝制备HAp@PES静电纺纤维膜(HPES),然后通过膜液界面培养法与细菌纤维素(BC)复合,获得了具有微米―纳米结构的BC/HAp@PES(BC/HPES)支架。扫描电镜结果表明,该支架微米―纳米纤维交错分布,且HAp成功复合在微米纤维上。所制备的支架具有良好的力学性能。进一步研究表明,成骨细胞在支架表面表现出良好的增殖和铺展能力,不仅如此,该支架还具有良好的成骨分化诱导能力。因此,这种具有仿生微纳纤维结构且负载HAp的骨膜支架有望用于大尺度骨缺损修复领域。

Free iliac crest grafts with periosteum for treatment of old acetabular defects

Objective ： To inquire into the therapeutic effectiveness of free iliac crest grafts with periosteum on old acetabular defects. Methods： From February 1996 to June 2005, 9 patients were treated with free iliac crest grafts with periosteum to reconstruct old acetabular defects. There were 7 males and 2 females and the average age was 41.3 years. The acetabular defects were caused by traffic accidents in 6 cases and fall injury in 3 cases. The time from injury to treatment was 4-13 months and averaged 8 months. Intraoperatively we firstly removed the acetabular fracture fragments of the posterior wall. The femoral head was then reducted. Bone graft was harvested from the iliac crest with periosteum, which was sculpted with a rongeur to conform to the defect. The concave （ iliac fossa） side of the graft was placed toward the femoral head. The graft was securedly fixed by two to three leg screws. Results ： Postoperative syndrome was not found in any of the cases. Harris＇ score system showed that the score raised from 32. 3 points preoperatively to 81 points postoperatively. The hip function was evaluated as excellent in 3 cases, good in 4 cases and fair in 2 cases. Conclusions, Although this procedure could not exactly reproduce the anatomy of the hip joint, it enables to restore the posterior stability, provide bone-stock for the hip joints and prevent dislocation of the femoral head.

Artificial periosteum in bone defect repair--A review

Periosteum is a thin membrane that encases the surfaces of most bones.It is composed of an outer fibrous layer contains longitudinally oriented cells and collagen fibers and an inner cambial layer that consists of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs）and osteogenic progenitor cells.Periosteum has a function of regulating cell and collagen arrangement,which is important to the integrity,modelling and remodelling of bone,particularly during bone defect repair.Apart from autograft and allograft,artificial periosteum,or tissue-engineered periosteum mimicking native periosteum in structure or function,made up of small intestinal submucosa,acellular dermis,induced membrane,cell sheets,and polymeric scaffolds,and so on,has been developed to be used in bone defect repair.In this review,we classify the artificial periosteum into three approaches based on the material source,that is,native tissues,scaffoldfree cell sheets and scaffold-cell composites.Mechanisms,methods and efficacy of each approach are provided.Existing obstacles and enabling technologies for future directions are also discussed.

Metal-phenolic networks modified polyurethane as periosteum for bone regeneration

Treatment of bone defects still poses a great challenge in orthopedic clinics, and the vital role of periosteum in such processes has attracted widespread attention. However, studies focusing on the oxidative stress micro-environment with an artificial periosteum at the site of defect have been scarce. The intrinsic anti-oxidative properties and therapeutic potential for bone defects of metal-phenolic networks(MPNs)have provided a potential solution to this. Herein, we have developed a protocatechualdehyde + zinc ion(PCA+Zn^(Ⅱ)) MPN coating on a thermoplastic polyurethane membrane with a one-pot method to fabricate a new-type of periosteum with meritorious biocompatibility and abilities of modulating oxidative stress condition and promoting osteogenesis and mineralization for better bone regeneration, which has shown to be a promising strategy for constructing artificial periosteum with various MPNs.

骨钉骨膜联合髂骨松质骨植骨术修复替牙期唇腭裂牙槽突裂效果评价

目的:评价骨钉骨膜联合髂骨松质骨植骨术修复替牙期唇腭裂牙槽突裂的效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月—2023年12月收治的62例替牙期唇腭裂牙槽突裂患儿的临床资料,按照术式分为对照组(单纯髂骨松质骨植骨,n=42)和试验组(骨钉骨膜联合髂骨松质骨植骨,n=40)。比较2组植骨区存活骨量体积、移植骨整体和不同植骨区吸收率、植骨成功率、植骨成活率及并发症发生情况。采用SPSS 25.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:试验组术后3、9个月植骨区存活骨量体积显著大于对照组(P<0.05),且2组术后9个月植骨区存活骨量体积与术后3个月相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组术后3、9个月及3~9个月的移植骨吸收率显著小于对照组(P<0.05),且2组术后9个月移植骨吸收率与3个月相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组术后3、9个月鼻腔侧1/2区、牙槽嵴侧1/2区、唇侧1/2区和腭侧1/2区移植骨吸收率显著低于对照组,且2组牙槽嵴侧1/2区移植骨吸收率显著高于鼻腔侧1/2区,腭侧1/2区显著高于唇侧1/2区(P<0.05)。试验组植骨成功率、植骨成活率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:骨钉骨膜联合髂骨松质骨植骨术可有效修复替牙期唇腭裂牙槽突裂,降低骨吸收率和并发症,提高成骨效果。术后骨量吸收主要发生于术后3个月内,且主要发生于牙槽嵴顶区、腭侧区。

PDGFRβ-PI3K信号轴介导骨折愈合过程中骨膜细胞激活的分子机制研究

目的验证血小板源性生长因子受体β/磷酸肌醇3-激酶(PDGFRβ-PI3K)相互作用对于介导骨折后强大的骨膜细胞活化是否有必要。方法收集正常活动或骨折手术后3 d的小鼠骨膜细胞进行体外原代培养,分为空白组、阴性组、shPDGFβ组和各预处理组,空白组不做任何处理,阴性组和shPDGFβ组分别转染对照shRNA和PDGFRβshRNA慢病毒,72 h后用于实验,各预处理组包括用生长因子(PDGF-BB,10 ng/mL)、PDGFR抑制剂(SU16f,5μmol/L)、小分子AKT激活剂(SC79,4μg/mL)或PI3K激活剂(740 Y-P,25 nmol/L)单独或序贯处理30 min。采用Western blot试验、流式细胞术、EdU染色实验检测各组细胞蛋白表达水平和增殖活力。结果与正常活动小鼠的骨膜细胞比较,骨折小鼠的骨膜细胞中PDGFRβ蛋白表达水平升高约2.31倍。通过流式细胞术验证,骨折小鼠骨膜细胞中PDGFRβ阳性率为(73.26±3.17)%。在骨折小鼠的骨膜细胞实验中,shPDGFRβ组细胞p-AKT蛋白表达水平均低于空白组和阴性组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而PDGF-BB组和SC79组细胞p-AKT蛋白表达水平一致,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与空白组(PI3K:1.22±0.09,p-Tyr-PDGFRβ:0.01±0.01)比较,PI3K激活剂740 Y-P组可上调PI3K水平(1.67±0.13)和p-Tyr-PDGFRβ水平(0.07±0.01),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但对PDGFβ水平无明显干扰。另外,与740 Y-P组[p-AKT(Ser473):0.32±0.03]比较,740 Y-P+PDGF-BB组进一步上调了骨膜细胞中p-Tyr-PDGFRβ水平(0.19±0.01)和p-AKT(Ser473)水平(0.51±0.05),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在体外增殖实验中,没有对于用740 Y-P预处理的细胞,加入PDGF-BB后,细胞增殖活性几乎恢复至阴性组水平,明显高于未用740 Y-P预处理的细胞。结论PDGFRβ-PI3K信号轴对于骨折愈合早期阶段的骨膜活化是有必要的。

自体带骨膜髂骨移植与同种异体骨骨粉联合PRP治疗距骨骨软骨损伤的治疗效果比较研究

目的分析并对比自体带骨膜髂骨移植与同种异体骨骨粉联合富血小板凝胶(platelet rich gel,PRP)治疗HeppleⅤ型距骨骨软骨损伤(osteochondral injury,OLT)。方法选取浙江中医药大学附属金华中医院2018年10月至2022年10月收入的HeppleⅤ型OLT患者62例为研究对象,根据其治疗方式将其分为移植组(接受自体带骨膜髂骨移植治疗,31例)、联合组(接受同种异体骨骨粉联合PRP治疗,31例)。对患者进行术后12个月门诊随访研究,评估并比较两组患者术后12个月治疗效果、踝关节活动度(range of motion,ROM)、美国骨科足踝外科学会(American Society of Orthopedic Foot andAnkle Surgeons,AOFAS)踝-后足评分、疼痛评分、满意度、并发症发生率差异。结果移植组治疗总有效率(96.77%)与联合组(93.55%)相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后12个月两组ROM、AOFAS评分均改善(P<0.05),组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者术后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月,两组疼痛评分均较术前有所降低(P<0.05)。移植组患者主观总满意度(77.42%),低于联合组(96.77%,P<0.05)。移植组并发症总发生率(19.35%)与联合组(3.23%)相比,明显更高(P<0.05)。结论同种异体骨骨粉联合PRP可避免额外手术切口,患者主观满意度更高,术后并发症发生率低。