Peripheral Facial Paralysis in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Introduction: Peripheral facial palsy (PFP) is a frequent reason for ENT consultations. It is a common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The aim of this study was to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects and to establish the correlation between PFP and HIV in our context. Patients and Method: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted in the ENT and CFS department of the HIAOBO, covering the medical records of patients hospitalized for taking a PFP on HIV terrain from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. Results: The study involved 17 patients, 10 men (59%) and 7 women (41%), a sex ratio of 1.4. The average age was 39 years with the extremes of 11 and 69 years. Shopkeepers reported 9 cases (53%). The reason for consultation was facial asymmetry in 11 cases (100%). The delay in consultation during the first week was 82.4%. Clinical signs were unilateral facial asymmetry, the opening of the palpebral fissure and lacrimation. All patients received medical treatment for PFP and HIV. Evolution was favorable, with complete recovery and no sequelae in 82.4% of cases. Surgery was performed in one case. Conclusion: PFPs are common in HIV infection. Diagnosis is clinical and management is multidisciplinary. Progression depends on the length of time taken to treat the disease.

The research progress of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of peripheral facial paralysis

As a common and frequently-occurring disease in clinic,peripheral facial paralysis is worth paying attention to.In fact,as one of the methods for the treatment of peripheral facial paralysis,acupuncture has been widely promoted and applied in clinic,and has been recognized by doctors at home and abroad.However,there are many other factors that affect the curative effect in clinic due to their different operating methods.Therefore,there are still many disputes in the treatment of peripheral facial paralysis.The relevant literatures in recent years were searched and consulted in order to understand the current situation and provide routine treatment methods for clinical acupuncturists to treat this disease.And we intended to analyze and introduce from acupuncture manipulation,warm acupuncture,electroacupuncture,giant acupuncture,fire acupuncture,acupuncture combined with massage,acupuncture timing and other treatments,and different classification of acupuncture points and methods.

CLASSIFICATION, PROGRESSIVE STAGE AND COMBINED TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL FACIAL PARALYSIS

A combined method using acupuncture,Chinese herbs and Western medicine inthe treatment of peripheral facial paralysis is formulated from the author’s clinical experience duringmore than 20 years period.Two stages and four types are divided separately according to the develop-ment of the disorder and the lesion level of the facial nerve。which are different from the classificationsin the common textbooks.Out of the whole series of 718 cases,99.58％of the patients got cured andno one had been treated ineffectively.

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL FACIAL PARALYSIS

The facial nerve passes through the temporal bone and is the longest nerve that travels in a bony canal with a complex course and high susceptibility to injury.When facial nerve becomes swollen from insults such as trauma, inflammation, tumor or iatrogenic injury, its distal

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON STAGE-AIDED TREATMENT OF 62 CASES OF PERIPHERAL FACIAL PARALYSIS WITH ACUPUNCTURE,MOXIBUSTION AND CUPPING

Objective: To probe the best therapy for peripheral facial paralysis. Methods: A total of 122 cases of facial paralysis patients were randomized into treatment group (n=62, treating the disease by stages) and control group (n=60). For patients at the acute stage in treatment group, main point Yifeng (TE 17) was pricked first, followed by performing cupping and moxibustion, for patients at the resting stage, main point Hegu (LI 4) was punctured with reducing needling method, combined with other acupoints in the light of the concrete situations. For patients at the restoration stage, main point Zusanli (ST 36) was punctured with reinforcing method in combination with seven-star-needle tapping at the local affected region. Patients of control group were treated with routine method by puncturing Fengchi (GB 20), Yifeng (TE 17), Jiache (ST 6), Hegu (LI 4), Taichong (LR 3), etc.. The treatment was conducted once daily, with 10 days being a therapeutic course. Results: Following 3 courses of treatment, of the 62 cases in treatment group, 44 (70.9%) were cured, 12 (19.4%) had remarkable improvement in their symptoms and signs, 6 (9.7%) had amelioration, with the cure plus markedly effective rate being 90.3%; of the 60 cases in control group, 30 (50.0%) were cured, 12 (20.0%) had apparent improvement, 16 (26.7%) had amelioration, and the rest 2 (3.3%) failed in the treatment, with the cure plus markedly effective rate being 70.0%. Ridit analysis showed that the cure rate and cure plus markedly effective rate of treatment group were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Stage-aided acupuncture treatment is superior to routine treatment for facial palsy.

CLINICAL ANALYSIS ON INTEGRATED TREATMENT OF 2240 CASES OF PERIPHERAL FACIAL PARALYSIS BY STAGES IN PLATEAU REGION

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of integrated treatment of peripheral facial paralysis by stages in Qinghai plateau area. Methods: A total of 2 240 cases of peripheral facial paralysis treated with integrated approaches by stages were assigned to treatment group, and other 75 cases treated with acupuncture therapy assigned to control group. In treatment group, patients were treated with 1) medication (Prednisone, Dibazol, etc) and TDP (“special electromagnetic spectrum”) plus ultrashort irradiation in the early stage; 2) TDP plus ultrasonic wave irradiation and acupuncture of Yangbai (阳白GB 14) to Yuyao (鱼腰EX-HN 4, penetration needling), etc in the medium stage; 3) medium-frequency irradiation and electroacupuncture (EA) of muscle motor joints and acupoints (GB-14, etc). Patients of control group were treated with conventional acupuncture therapy (GB-14, etc). Results: After treatment, of the 2 240 patients in treatment group, 2 072 (92.5%) were cured, 120 (5.3%) effective, 33 (1.5%) improved, and 15 (0.7%) failed. The total effective rate was 99.3%. Of the 75 cases in control group, 46 (61.3%) were cured, 16 (21.3%) effective, 9 (12.0%) improved, and 4 (5.4%) ineffective. The total effective rate was 94.6%. The cure rate and the total effective rate of treatment group were significantly higher than those of control group respectively (χ2=29.379, P<0.01; χ2=5.716, P<0.025). Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of integrated approaches (medication, acupuncture, electromagnetic+ultrashort wave+ultrasonic wave+ medium-frequency wave irradiation) is significantly superior to that of simple acupuncture therapy in treating peripheral facial paralysis.

TREATMENT OF 46 CASES OF PERIPHERAL FACIAL PARALYSIS WITH HAND ACUPUNCTURE,MOXIBUSTION AND ELECTROACUPUNCTURE

In the present paper, the therapeutic effect of hand acupuncture, moxibustion and electroacupuncture (EA) is observed in the treatment of 46 cases of peripheral facial paralysis (treatment group) and compared with that of Western medicines (prednisone, Vitamin B1 and B12, dibazol) in other 42 facial palsy patients. Acupoints used are Fenchi (GB 20), Yifeng (TE 17), Taiyang (LR 3), Yangbai (GB 14), Cuanzhu (BL 2), Yingxiang (LI 20), Dicang (ST 4), Shuigou (GV 26), Chengjiang (CV 24), Xiaguan (ST 7) and Jiache (ST 6). Following 20 - 30 sessions of treatment, results show that the therapeutic effect of treatment group is significantly superior to that of Western medicine group and the therapeutic duration of the former group is shorter.

PERIPHERAL FACIAL PARALYSIS TREATED BY MULTI-DIRECTIONAL NEEDLING

客观：在对待外部面部麻痹寻找有效治疗。方法: 108 个病人随机被划分成治疗组(n =68 ) 和控制组(n =40 ) 。多方向性的刺破技术被选择 Jiache (圣 6 ) 使用， Yangbai (GB14 ) 和在治疗组的 Dicang (圣 4 ) ，和有常规针选择的传统的针灸技术在控制组被使用。治疗每天与组成一堂治疗学的功课的 10 治疗被给一次，并且治疗的 2 堂功课在两个被给这些组。结果：在治疗以后，在治疗和控制组的 68 和 40 个盒子， 56 (82.3%)并且(70.0%) 28 被治好， 11 (16.2%)并且(20.0%) 8 在临床的症状和症状改善了， 1 (1.5%)并且(10.0%) 4 失败了，分别地与全部的有效的率是98.5%和90.0%，并且治疗组的治疗学的效果比控制组( P 0.05 )的显著地优异。结论：多方向性的刺破是为对待外部面部麻痹的有效治疗。

Professor Jiping ZHAO's experiences in the differentiation and treatment of peripheral facial paralysis with acupuncture

Professor Jiping ZHAO has unique thoughts on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral facial paralysis.She pays the great attention to clinical differentiation in treatment with acupuncture, especially meridian differentiation. She believes that the differentiation of lesion is core and the early judgment is critical for the better therapeutic effects on intractable facial paralysis. The local acupoints are selected in the guide of the theory of meridian sinew and stimulated on the base of three-needling theory. The distal acupoints are decided in light of the syndrome differentiation, of which, Hégǔ(合谷 LI 4), Zúsānlǐ(足三里ST 36) and Taichōng(太冲 LR 3) are the basic acupoints. Additionally, Professor ZHAO lays the emphasis on the 5 th branch of facial nerve(cervical branch) in diagnosis and treatment.

特定电磁波谱照射联合针灸治疗急性周围性面瘫的效果

目的探讨特定电磁波谱照射联合针灸治疗急性周围性面瘫的效果。方法选取江西省人民医院2022年6月至2023年3月收治的60例急性周围性面瘫患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(30例)与观察组(30例)。对照组采用口服西药治疗,观察组采用特定电磁波谱照射联合针灸治疗。比较两组患者的Portmann评分、临床疗效和患者满意度。结果中途脱落3例,实际完成57例,对照组28例,观察组29例。治疗前,两组患者的Portmann评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗20 d后,两组患者的Portmann评分高于本组治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的Portmann评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的治疗总有效率为89.66%(26/29),高于对照组的64.29%(18/28),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的总满意率为96.56%,高于对照组的71.43%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者均未发生严重不良反应。结论特定电磁波谱照射联合针灸治疗急性周围性面瘫疗效显著,可提高患者满意度,值得临床推广。

以周围性面瘫为主要表现的吉兰-巴雷综合征变异型:附2例临床分析

该文报道了2例以周围性面瘫为主要表现的吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)变异型的患者。这2例患者均为以周围性面瘫起病,其中1例为双侧周围性面瘫,伴疼痛;另1例为左侧周围性面瘫合并头晕、思睡、食欲缺乏等。2例患者早期肌电图均未发现异常。1例存在脑脊液―蛋白细胞分离,另1例血清抗GQ1b抗体IgM(+)。诊断为GBS变异型。2例患者均给予静脉滴注人血免疫球蛋白,症状好转后出院。对以周围性面瘫起病的患者,需考虑是单纯的面神经炎还是以周围性面瘫起病的其他疾病,如GBS变异型等,以便正确诊治。

基于面肌超声指标评价针药结合治疗周围性面瘫所致面肌萎缩疗效

目的:基于面肌超声指标评价针药结合治疗周围性面瘫所致面肌萎缩的疗效。方法:选取146例周围性面瘫所致面肌萎缩患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和针药结合组各73例。研究过程中2组各剔除3例,最终均纳入70例。对照组采用针刺治疗,针药结合组在对照组基础上加用牵正散加减治疗。10 d为1个疗程,2组均治疗3个疗程。比较2组临床疗效、症状体征评分、面部神经功能评分、面肌超声指标及异常超声发生率,分析症状体征评分、面部神经功能评分与面肌超声指标之间的相关性。结果:治疗后,针药结合组总有效率95.71%,高于对照组84.29%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组症状体征、面部神经功能评分均较治疗前降低,针药结合组症状体征、面部神经功能评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患侧额肌、降口角肌、降下唇肌厚度均较治疗前增加,针药结合组患侧额肌、降口角肌、降下唇肌厚度均大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组回声信号增强,肌纤维模糊、增粗发生率均较治疗前降低,针药结合组回声信号增强,肌纤维模糊、增粗发生率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。症状体征评分、面部神经功能评分与各项面肌超声指标均呈负相关,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:针药结合治疗周围性面瘫所致面肌萎缩疗效显著,能有效改善患者的临床症状和面部神经功能,面肌厚度、异常超声表现等指标对疗效有一定的评估价值。

腹针“扶正气法”治疗周围性面瘫的效果分析

目的:分析腹针“扶正气法”治疗周围性面瘫(PFP)的效果。方法:选取2021年12月—2022年12月吉林省中医药科学院第一临床医院收治的PFP患者67例作为研究对象,随机分为治疗组(n=33)与对照组(n=34)。治疗组实施腹针“扶正气法”治疗,对照组实施常规针刺治疗。比较两组治疗效果。结果:治疗后,两组躯体功能评分高于治疗前,且治疗组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组社会功能评分低于治疗前,且治疗组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组House-Brackmann面神经功能分级低于治疗前,且治疗组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.039)。结论:腹针“扶正气法”治疗PFP的效果显著,能够改善躯体功能、社会功能及神经功能,值得临床应用并予以推广。

耳针疗法辅助治疗急性期周围性面瘫疗效观察

目的观察耳针疗法辅助治疗急性期周围性面瘫的临床疗效。方法将94例急性期周围性面瘫患者按照随机数字表法分为2组,对照组47例采取常规西医治疗,治疗组47例在对照组基础上联合耳针疗法治疗。2组均治疗4周。比较2组治疗效果,比较2组治疗前后面部神经传导速度、红外热成像(前额区、耳周区、口角区、颧区及患侧全区温度)、面瘫改良Portmann评分、面部残疾指数躯体(FDIP)评分、免疫炎性指标[免疫球蛋白(IgA)、IgM、IgG、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、IL-21]水平及世界卫生组织生活质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BRFF)评分变化情况,治疗后随访1年,统计对比2组复发率。结果治疗组总有效率95.74%(45/47),对照组总有效率80.85%(38/47),治疗组临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗1、2、3、4周面部神经传导速度均较本组治疗前升高(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗1、2、3、4周均高于对照组同期(P<0.05)。2组治疗1、2、3、4周前额区、耳周区、口角区及患侧全区温度均较本组治疗前升高(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗1、2、3、4周均高于对照组同期(P<0.05);2组治疗1、2、3、4周颧区温度均较本组治疗前升高(P<0.05),但2组组间同期比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组治疗1、2、3、4周改良Portmann、FDIP评分均较本组治疗前升高,且治疗组治疗1、2、3、4周均高于对照组同期(P<0.05)。2组治疗后血清IgA、IgM、IgG、IL-6、IL-21水平均较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后均低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后WHOQOL-BRFF各维度评分均较本组治疗前升高(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后均高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组复发率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用耳针疗法辅助治疗急性期周围性面瘫患者,能显著提高治疗效果,进一步改善患者面部肌群恢复情况,有效改善患者面部温度、神经功能及面部神经传导速度,且能有效抑制免疫炎性损伤,降低复发率,有助于改善患者预后。

44 Cases of Peripheral Facial Paralysis Treated by the SXDZ-100 Nerve and Muscle Stimulator

Objective: To observe the clinical effects of the Hua Tuo Manual Acupuncture Therapeutic Stimulator for peripheral facial paralysis. Methods: 87 patients with peripheral facial paralysis were divided randomly into the SXDZ-100 Nerve and Muscle Stimulator treatment group (44 cases) and the G6805 Electric Stimulator control group (43 cases). The acupoints selected for both the two groups were local points as well as distal points as Hegu (LI 4), Waiguan (TE 5), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taichong (LR 3). Effectiveness was compared between the two groups. Results: Both groups had a total effective rate of 100%. But the cure rate was 90.9% in the treatment group, and 73.0% in the control group, indicating a significant difference (P<0.05). No side effects were found in either of the two groups. Conclusion: The SXDZ-100 stimulator is more effective than the G6805 electroacupuncture stimulator for treatment of peripheral facial paralysis.

麦粒灸配合透刺疗法治疗风寒证周围性面瘫的临床疗效研究

目的:探讨麦粒灸配合透刺疗法治疗风寒证周围性面瘫(PFP)的效果。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年12月收治的风寒证PFP患者80例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组采用针刺治疗,观察组采用麦粒灸配合透刺疗法,比较两组治疗效果、Sunybrook面神经功能、House-Brackmann(H-B)面神经功能分级、不良反应。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组Sunybrook面神经评分高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组H-B分级均优于治疗前,且观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗期间均无不良反应发生。结论:麦粒灸配合透刺疗法治疗风寒证PFP患者效果满意,可促进面神经功能恢复,且安全性好。

温针灸配合康复功能训练治疗周围性面瘫的效果及对肌电图的影响

目的:分析温针灸配合康复功能训练治疗周围性面瘫的效果及对肌电图的影响。方法:选取2018年1月—2020年12月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九一〇医院收治的90例周围性面瘫患者作为研究对象,通过双盲法将其分为对照组(n=45)和研究组(n=45)。对照组在常规治疗基础上进行康复功能训练治疗,研究组在对照组基础上配合温针灸治疗,两组均治疗1个月。比较两组治疗效果、并发症、面肌肌电图(口轮匝肌、眼轮匝肌)及面神经功能[House-Brackmann(H-B)面神经功能分级]。结果:研究组总有效率较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组并发症发生率虽较对照组高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗前面肌肌电图、H-B评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组治疗后口轮匝肌、眼轮匝肌肌电图高于对照组,H-B评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:温针灸配合康复功能训练治疗周围性面瘫患者,不仅有利于提升临床疗效,不增加并发症发生率,且可帮助患者提高面肌肌电图,改善面神经功能。

我国口腔颌面外科护士开展面神经功能训练的现状调查研究

目的了解我国口腔颌面外科护士对周围性面瘫患者开展面神经功能训练的现状,分析其影响因素,为面神经功能训练规范的制订提供依据。方法2023年5月,采用整群抽样法对全国47家医院的612名口腔颌面外科护士进行调查,并分析其影响因素。结果收到612份有效问卷。知识培训维度:54.74%(335/612)护士接受过相关培训;知识条目回答的正确率为2.29%~29.08%;多元线性回归分析结果显示,科室学习、医院培训、文献自学、继续教育是护士培训效果的正向影响因素。护士态度维度:99.02%(606/612)的护士赞同开展训练,综合性医院护士的态度条目得分均高于专科医院,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多元线性回归分析结果显示,患者的知情同意、医护的临床判断、护士接受的培训、训练的临床疗效是护士开展态度的正向影响因素。临床应用维度:93.62%(44/47)的医院有收治面瘫患者;61.70%(29/47)的医院已开展训练,均为三级医院;在训练方法方面,开展辅助训练、主动训练及抗阻训练的护士占比分别是74.18%(454/612)、75.00%(459/612)及61.44%(376/612);多重响应分析结果显示,护士开展训练主要依据是诊疗指南及专家共识、面神经功能训练相关教材、技术规范、行业标准及团体标准,其累计百分比为67.90%。结论口腔颌面外科护士认可面神经功能训练的疗效,开展训练态度积极,但接受培训的机会较少,缺乏相关培训及临床实践指引,导致训练方法繁多、水平参差不齐、护士相关知识水平薄弱。因此,亟须形成统一的面神经功能训练规范,为临床的培训和实践提供指导依据。

中耳术后周围性面瘫8例临床特点及诊治分析

目的分析和探讨中耳炎性疾病手术后发生周围性面瘫的病因、临床特点及诊治过程。方法回顾性分析2018年1月—2021年6月于空军军医大学西京医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治的因中耳炎性病变手术且术后发生周围性面瘫的8例患者,分析其面瘫原因、术中面神经情况及面瘫治疗效果。结果8例周围性面瘫患者中,迟发性面瘫6例、术腔感染致面瘫1例、抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体相关性血管炎中耳炎1例;术中面神经骨管完整者4例、有面神经管骨质缺损者4例;给予保守治疗6例,保守治疗联合手术治疗1例,免疫治疗1例。面瘫持续时间,最短5 d、最长3年;随访至今,6例恢复至面神经功能HB I级,2例恢复至HBⅡ级。结论周围性面瘫为中耳术后少见并发症之一,以迟发性面瘫最为多见,保守治疗效果好;部分患者则为术后术腔感染、病变残留或复发导致面神经炎而出现面瘫;尚有少见免疫相关疾病。临床医师需仔细鉴别,避免误诊,并针对性提供治疗方案。

三线针法联合祛风愈瘫丸治疗周围性面瘫的临床研究

目的:观察三线针法联合口服祛风愈瘫丸与单纯三线针法治疗周围性面瘫的临床疗效。方法:选取2020年8月至2021年8月海南省三亚市中医院针灸科收治诊断为周围性面瘫的患者70例作为研究对象,采用简单随机化法将患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组35例。对照组采用单纯三线针法治疗,观察组采用三线针法联合口服祛风愈瘫丸治疗。1周为1个疗程,连续治疗4个疗程;分别观察2组患者的治疗效果、治疗前后的House-Brackmann(H-B)分级、Sunnybrook(S-B)评分、复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)潜伏期和波幅变化、面部残疾指数(FDI)评分的身体功能指数(FDIp)和社会功能指数(FDIs)比较及血清内皮素(ET)、血清一氧化氮(NO)水平变化。结果:观察组的疗效优于对照组疗效(P<0.05)。治疗后2组患者H-B(P<0.05)、S-B(P<0.001)及FDIp(P<0.001)评分较治疗前提高,且观察组患者显著高于对照组,FDIs评分较治疗前降低,且观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后2组患者CMAP潜伏期均较治疗前明显缩短、波幅明显延长,且观察组较对照组比较潜伏期明显缩短(P<0.01)、波幅明显延长(P<0.001)。治疗后2组患者血清ET水平显著低于治疗,血清NO水平明显高于治疗前,(P<0.001);且观察组血清ET水平明显低于对照,血清NO水平显著高于对照组,(P<0.001)。结论:三线针法联合祛风愈瘫丸对周围性面瘫疗效显著,可以显著改善患者的面神经功能、肌电图指标及血清ET、NO水平,有临床推广应用价值。