An Investigation into the Compressive Strength,Permeability and Microstructure of Quartzite-Rock-Sand Mortar

River sand is an essential component used as a fine aggregate in mortar and concrete.Due to unrestrained exploitation,river sand resources are gradually being exhausted.This requires alternative solutions.This study deals with the properties of cement mortar containing different levels of manufactured sand(MS)based on quartzite,used to replace river sand.The river sand was replaced at 20%,40%,60%and 80%with MS(by weight or volume).The mechanical properties,transfer properties,and microstructure were examined and compared to a control group to study the impact of the replacement level.The results indicate that the compressive strength can be improved by increasing such a level.The strength was improved by 35.1%and 45.5%over that of the control mortar at replacement levels of 60%and 80%,respectively.Although there was a weak link between porosity and gas permeability in the mortars with manufactured sand,the gas permeability decreased with growing the replacement level.The microstructure of the MS mortar was denser,and the cement paste had fewer microcracks with increasing the replacement level.

Experimental Evaluation of Compressive Strength and Gas Permeability of Glass- Powder-Containing Mortar

Glass powder of various particle sizes(2,5,10 and 15μm)has been assessed as a possible cement substitute for mortars.Different replacement rates of cement(5%,10%,15%,and 20%)have been considered for all particle sizes.The accessible porosity,compressive strength,gas permeability and microstructure have been investigated accordingly.The results have shown that adding glass powder up to 20%has a significantly negative effect on the porosity and compressive strength of mortar.The compressive strength initially rises with a 5%replacement and then decreases.Similarly,the gas permeability of the mortar displays a non-monotonic behavior;first,it decreases and then it grows with an increase in the glass powder content and particle size.The porosity and gas permeability attain a minimum for a 5%content and 10μm particle size.Application of a Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)technique has revealed that incorporating waste glass powder with a certainfineness can reduce the pore size and the number of pores of the mortar.Compared with the control mortar,the pore volume of the waste glass mortar with 5%and 10μm particle size is significantly reduced.When cement is partially replaced by glass powder with a particle size of 10μm and a 5%percentage,the penetration resistance and compressive strength of the mortar are significantly improved.

Research on testing method of resin sand high temperature compressive strength

High temperature compressive strength is one of the most important performances of resin sand; its value directly concerns the quality of castings. In order to seek the best testing method of resin sand high temperature compressive strength, a self-developed instrument was used to carry out experiments, and the sample shape and size were designed and studied. The results show that a hollow cylinder sample can reflect the strength difference of different resin sands better than a solid cylinder sample, and its data is stable. The experiments selected φ20/5×30 mm as the size of the hollow cylinder samples. The high temperature compressive strengths of phenol-formaldehyde resin coated sand, furan resin self-setting sand, and TEA resin sand were each tested. For the resin sand used for cast steel and cast iron, 1,000 ℃ was selected as the test temperature; for the resin sand used for cast non-ferrous alloy, 800 ℃ was selected as the test temperature; and for all the resin sand samples, 1 min was selected as the holding time. This testing method can truthfully reflect the high temperature performance of three kinds of resin sand; it is reproducible, and the variation coefficients of test values are under 10%.

Relation of Damage Variable and Gas Permeability Coefficient of Concrete under Stress

Compressive stress and tensile stress were applied to concrete specimens using test rigs designed by RILEM TC 246-TDC. Ultrasonic wave velocity and autoclam permeability system were used to characterize the damage variable and gas permeability coefficient of concrete, respectively. The experimental results show that the strain value of concrete increases with the increasing of stress level and loading time. The damage variable and gas permeability coefficient of concrete under compressive stress decrease at first and increase after a threshold value between 0 and 0.6. When the concrete is under tensile load, the damage variable and gas permeability coefficient increase with tensile stress, with a significant increase from 0.3 to 0.6 tensile stress. There is a strong linear relationship between the damage variable and the gas permeability coefficient, suggesting both as good indicators to characterize the damage of concrete under stress.

The compressive strength experimental study of cemented soil under H2SO4 corrosive in earlier period

In order to simulate and study the erosion effect process such as the changes of corrosive depth and unconfined compression strength of cemented soil sample in earlier period from 0 day to 60 days, a series of tests including unconfined compressive tests, measuring the blocks＇ sizes, and taking photos, are conducted on the cemented soil blocks which were cured in different concentrations of H2SO4 solutions. The results of tests show that the corrosive depth is increasing and the unconfined compression strength is decreasing with the increase of H2SO4 solution concentration at the same erosion time, and the corrosive degree is increasing with the corrosive time. In the earlier state, the corrosive effect is serious, but the effect becomes slow in the later state in the same concentrated H2SO4 solution. After take statistics the date, a coefficient a is put forward to predict the reduction of the compressive strength of cemented soil in various concentration of H2SO4 solution, which could be used in practical design.

Effect of Modification Treatment on Chloride Ions Permeability and Microstructure of Recycled Brick-mixed Aggregate Concrete

The modification methods of pozzolan slurry combined with sodium silicate and silicon-based additive were respectively adopted to treat recycled coarse brick-mixed aggregate(RCBA)in this study.The compressive strength and chloride permeability resistance of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)before and after modification treatment were tested,and the microstructure of RAC was analyzed by mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results show that the physical properties of RCBA strengthened by modification treatment are improved,and the compressive strength and chloride permeability resistance of treated RAC are also significantly improved.The modification treatment optimizes the pore size distribution of RAC,which increases the number of gel pores and transition pores,and decreases the number of capillary pores and macro pores.The surface fractal dimension shows a significant correlation with chloride diffusion coefficient,indicating that the variation of chloride permeability of treated RAC is consistent with the microstructure evolution.

Stability analysis of shallow tunnels subjected to seepage with strength reduction theory

Based on strength reduction theory,the stability numbers of shallow tunnels were investigated within the framework of upper and lower bound theorems of limit analysis. Stability solutions taking into account of water seepage were presented and compared with those without considering seepage. The comparisons indicate that the maximum difference does not exceed 3.7%,which proves the present method credible. The results show that stability numbers of shallow tunnels considering seepage are much less than those without considering seepage,and that the difference of stability numbers between considering seepage and without considering seepage increase with increasing the depth ratio. The stability numbers decrease with increasing permeability coefficient and groundwater depth. Seepage has significant effects on the stability numbers of shallow tunnels.

Detection of Thermophysical Properties for High Strength Concrete after Exposure to High Temperature

Using the detection principle of infrared thermal imaging technique and the detection principle of DRH thermal conductivity tester laboratory,we investigated the infrared thermal image inspection,coefficient of thermal conductivity,apparent density,and compressive strength test on C80 high-strength concrete（HSC） in the presence and absence of polypropylene fibers under completely heated conditions.Only slight damages were detected below 400 ℃,whereas more and more severe deterioration events were expected when the temperature was above 500 ℃.The results show that the elevated temperature through infrared images generally exhibits an upward trend with increasing temperature,while the coefficient of thermal conductivity and apparent density decrease gradually.Additionally,the addition of polypropylene fibers with appropriate length,diameter,and quantity contributes to the improvement of the high-temperature resistance of HSC.

Water-induced changes in strength characteristics of polyurethane polymer and polypropylene fiber reinforced sand

As a new kind of air-hardening soil reinforcement material,polymer is being widely applied in river-bank slope reinforcement and ecological slope protection area.Thus,more attention should be paid to study the characteristics of reinforced soil after immersion.In this study,water-induced changes in strength characteristics of sand reinforced with polymer and fibers were reported.Several factors,including polymer content(1%,2%,3%and 4%by weight of dry sand),immersion time(6,12,24 and 48 h),dry density(1.40,1.45,1.50,1.55 and 1.60 g/cm^(3),)and fiber content(0.2%,0.4%,0.6%and 0.8%by weight of dry sand)which may influence the strength characteristics of reinforced sand after immersion were analyzed.The microstructure of reinforced sand was analyzed with nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and scanning electron microscope(SEM).Experimental results indicate that the compressive strength increases with the increase of polymer content and decreases with the increase of immersion time;the softening coefficients decrease with the increase of the polymer content and immersion time and increase with an increment in density and fiber content.Fiber plays an active role in reducing water-induced loss of strength at 0.6%content.

热压型煤成型条件优化试验研究方法

针对当前煤矿瓦斯动力学物理模拟试验中型煤材料存在低强度和高渗透率问题,建立了一套热压型煤成型条件优化试验研究方法。首先,自主研发了热压型煤试验系统,并对试验系统优势和今后改进方向进行了汇总,同时基于Horsfield致密堆积理论创建了型煤材料最优配制方案,最后形成了以马氏距离度量法和黄金分割法相结合的成型条件优化方法。为了验证试验方法的效果,通过控制成型温度为311.8℃、升温速率为5℃/min和保温时间为5.3 h,开展了不同成型压力条件下热压型煤试验研究,研究了不同成型压力条件下的热压型煤微观结构、物理力学特性和渗透特性等响应特征。结果表明:增加成型压力,总孔隙度逐渐减小,单轴抗压强度呈先增大后减少的变化趋势,破坏形式以块状剥落和纵向破裂为主,初始渗透率呈先减小后增大、最小渗透率则呈先减后增再减的变化趋势。以各成型条件的具体数值为试验点、热压型煤和原煤的关键参数为评价参量构建样本矩阵,计算各成型条件下热压型煤和原煤之间的马氏距离,再结合黄金分割法对试验区间进行优化求解,优化后的最佳成型压力为80 MPa,在此成型条件下制作的热压型煤密度、单轴抗压强度和初始渗透率分别为1.137 g/cm^(3)、12.21 MPa、1.32×10^(-15)m^(2),与原煤的1.132 g/cm^(3)、12.83 MPa、1.08×10^(-15)m^(2)相似性极高,达到了提高型煤强度、降低型煤渗透率的目的。

利用垃圾焚烧渣制备陶瓷透水路面砖的试验研究

垃圾焚烧渣是一种危险的固体废弃物,无害化利用垃圾焚烧渣具有重要意义。以垃圾焚烧渣为主要原料,通过高温烧结工艺制备了一种综合性能较佳的透水砖,研究了垃圾焚烧渣的添加量与烧成温度对样品结构与性能的影响规律。结果表明:添加适量的废玻璃及适当提高烧成温度能够改善试样的强度及环境安全性;当垃圾焚烧渣、废玻璃与煤粉(外加)的添加量分别为60%、40%、20%(质量分数)时,在1 200℃下烧成制品的透水系数、抗折强度与抗压强度分别为0.58 mm/s、6.23 MPa和18.58 MPa,其强度和透水系数分别达到了R_(f)4.5与B等级,且制品的Cu^(2+)、Pb^(3+)和Zn^(2+)浸出浓度满足GB 5085.3—2007《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》要求。XRD与SEM-EDS分析结果表明,由废玻璃熔融而成的高温液相溶解了三氧化二铅、氧化锌和氧化铜,抑制了Cu^(2+)、Pb^(3+)和Zn^(2+)的浸出。提高烧成温度能够降低样品的气孔率,促进三氧化二铅、氧化锌与氧化铜的溶解,进而协同改善制品的环境安全性。莫来石与玻璃相相互胶结,连通气孔均匀分布,赋予了透水砖较高的强度与优良的透水性能。

低弹模混凝土防渗墙材料参数统计特性及相关分布模型

为获取低弹模混凝土防渗墙渗透系数、弹模和抗压强度3个材料参数的统计特性及相关分布模型,基于2座土石坝的检测数据,根据赤池信息准则(AIC)识别材料参数的最优分布类型及相关分布模型的最优Copula函数、Bootstrap方法模拟识别结果的统计不确定性。结果表明,抗压强度、渗透系数和弹模分别服从极值Ⅰ型、对数正态、威布尔或极值Ⅰ型分布,变异系数均值分别为0.17、0.40、0.11;抗压强度与渗透系数、弹模与抗压强度、弹模与渗透系数之间的Pearson相关系数均值分别为-0.79、0.67、-0.55,最优Copula函数分别为Plackett Copula、Gaussian Copula、Gaussian Copula。研究结果可为低弹模混凝土防渗墙的渗流和强度可靠度计算提供参考。

铁尾矿废石免烧透水砖制备及性能研究

以铁尾矿废石、水泥和铁尾矿粉为原材料,静压成型制备铁尾矿废石免烧透水砖,研究了成型压力、保压时间、养护时间、水胶比、孔隙率对透水砖抗压强度、透水系数的影响,通过SEM分析样品的微观形貌。结果表明:配合比设计参数为设计孔隙率20%,水泥10%,铁尾矿粉10%,铁尾矿废石80%,水胶比0.4,减水剂掺量为1.5%;透水砖的最佳工艺条件为成型压力8 MPa,保压时间50 s,标准养护28 d,在此条件下制得的透水砖抗压强度为10.4 MPa,透水系数为2.24×10^(-2) cm/s。

Performance evaluation of laterite soil embankment stabilized with bottom ash,coir fiber,and lime

In tropical regions,heavy rainfall induces erosion and shallow landslides on road embankments.Cement-based stabilization methods,common in these regions,contribute to climate change due to their high carbon footprint.This study explored the potential application of coir fiber-reinforced laterite soil-bottom ash mixtures as embankment materials in the tropics.The objective is to enhance engineered embankment slopes'erosion resistance and stability while offering reuse options for industrial byproducts.This study examined various mix designs for unconfined compressive strength(UCS)and permeability,utilizing 30%bottom ash(BA)and 1%coir fiber(CF)with varying sizes ranging from 10 to 40 mm,6%lime,and laterite soil(LS),followed by microstructural analyses.The results demonstrate that the compressive strength increases as the CF length increases to 25 mm.In contrast,permeability increases continuously with increasing CF length.Lime-treated mixtures exhibit superior short-and long-term strength and reduce permeability owing to the formation of cementitious materials,as confirmed by microstructural analyses.A lab-scale slope box was constructed to evaluate the surface erosion of the stabilized laterite soil embankment.Based on the rainfall simulation results,the LS-BA-CF mixtures show better resistance to erosion and deformation compared to untreated LS,especially when lime is added to the top layer.This study provides insights into a sustainable and cost-effective approach for slope stabilization using BA and CF,offering a promising solution for tropical regions susceptible to surface erosion and landslides.

基于均匀实验的自燃煤矸石透水混凝土配合比优化研究

为减少自燃煤矸石的堆存,拟将自燃煤矸石制备透水混凝土,并对其配合比进行优化。首先运用均匀设计实验法和回归分析法,分析骨胶比、细骨料占比和水灰比对试件力学性能、透水性能的影响,以获得综合性能最优的配合比方案。然后以机制砂等质量替代自燃煤矸石细骨料,分析替代率对试件性能的影响,最后借助SEM分析试件微观形貌的变化。结果表明:骨胶比、细骨料占比和水灰比与抗压强度、透水系数的回归关系皆成三次多项式,且拟合精准度较高。综合性能最优配合比方案为骨胶比2.6,水灰比0.28,细骨料占比60%。自燃煤矸石透水混凝土的抗压强度随机制砂替代率的增大而增大,而透水系数相对稳定。通过微观分析可知,煤矸石透水混凝土中水化产物主要是Ca(OH)2、C-S-H和AFt,内部结构较为稳定,机制砂替代煤矸石细骨料后,AFt数量减少,形状由细短状变为粗长状,与C-S-H相互交错,整体结构更加紧密,力学强度更大。研究成果可为自燃煤矸石在建筑材料领域的应用开辟新的途径。

减水剂对固化土强度影响的研究

为了探究聚羧酸、木质磺酸钙(木钙)两种减水剂对固化土强度的影响规律,在不同养护龄期下,对添加不同掺量减水剂的固化土开展了一系列无侧限抗压强度试验,从水化产物角度阐述了固化土强度随两种减水剂掺量的演变机理。试验结果表明:掺有两种减水剂的固化土强度均随着龄期的增加而增加,前期强度增长速度快,后期强度增长缓慢。固化土的强度随着聚羧酸掺量的增加呈现先增加后缓慢减小的趋势,当聚羧酸掺量为0.4%时,固化土强度达到最大值;固化土的强度随木钙掺量的增加逐渐减小,木钙减水剂提升强度的效果弱于聚羧酸减水剂。

水泥和钢渣粉协同固化高含水率疏浚泥的力学性能研究

研究了钢渣粉的掺入方式(内掺、外掺)和掺量(0、5%、10%、15%)对水泥固化高含水率疏浚泥力学性能的影响。结果表明:当水泥掺量一定时,随着钢渣粉外掺量的增加,固化疏浚泥的3、7、14、28、90 d无侧限抗压强度均先增大后减小,14 d峰值应力和峰值应变也呈先增大后减小的趋势,钢渣粉的最佳外掺量为10%;对于纯水泥固化疏浚泥,其变形系数随着水泥掺量的增加而增大,抵抗变形的能力降低;外掺适量钢渣粉降低了固化疏浚泥的变形系数,提高了固化疏浚泥抵抗变形的能力;钢渣粉内掺取代部分水泥降低了固化疏浚泥的无侧限抗压强度,建议钢渣粉采用外掺方式。

纸纤维改性下的隧道工程透水砂浆性能分析

透水砂浆在隧道工程中的应用旨在解决隧道内部的排水问题,提高隧道的安全性和耐久性。掺加纤维是改善砂浆材料透水性能、抗压强度和孔结构的有效手段之一。基于此,以纸纤维为研究对象,简述了纸纤维对透水砂浆性能的影响。将纸纤维掺入水泥砂浆中,在碱性条件下混合,并对成型的纸纤维改性下的砂浆试块进行透水性、抗压强度和孔结构等方面的测试分析。结果表明,砂浆试块的吸水率随着纸纤维掺量的增加而逐渐增长,可达到普通砂浆试块的2~3倍;纸纤维的掺加会造成砂浆试块的抗压强度有所降低,掺量越大,抗压强度越低;水灰比增加,可减小砂浆孔体积,使其结构更加致密,砂浆抗收缩能力增强。

再生骨料透水混凝土力学和透水性能研究

文中制作不同水灰比和再生骨料添加量的再生骨料透水混凝土试件,经标准养护28 d后,对试件进行立方体抗压强度和透水性能测定。结果表明,随着水灰比的增加,透水混凝土试件的抗压强度和透水率均为先增加后减小;随着再生骨料添加量的增加,抗压强度不断减小而透水性能变化不大。最终确定水灰比为0.25、再生骨料添加量为15%、骨胶比为1?4、添加1.5%减水剂和6%硅粉为再生骨料透水混凝土的最佳配比,该结论为再生骨料透水混凝土的应用提供了技术支持。

不同实验条件下金矿尾渣固结体物理力学特征研究

为了探究尾渣固结体充填进入矿坑后的物理力学特征以及尾渣固结体在不同水环境条件下的物理力学特征的变化,以贵州西南某金矿尾渣为研究对象,通过野外调查和采样的手段,设计静态浸泡和动态冲刷实验,采用多功能岩石低渗透仪、万能实验机进行金矿尾渣固结体样品的物理力学实验,利用Origin 2018软件和数理统计等方法,系统研究了金矿尾渣固结体物理力学特征。研究结果表明:在不同养护龄期条件下,养护龄期越长金矿尾渣固结体渗透率越小,单轴抗压强度值越大;在相同养护龄期不同水动力条件下,金矿尾渣固结体单轴抗压强度都出现降低的现象,且静态浸泡实验对固结体单轴抗压强度的影响明显小于动态冲刷。研究结果为金矿尾渣充填开采设计提供技术参数,同时也为充填采矿安全作业提供重要支撑。