Background: Cochlear implants (CI) are widely used to restore hearing in people with severe to profound hearing loss. However, optimizing CI performance, especially in difficult listening environments with background ...Background: Cochlear implants (CI) are widely used to restore hearing in people with severe to profound hearing loss. However, optimizing CI performance, especially in difficult listening environments with background noise, remains a major challenge. Understanding the influence of factors such as sound source position and electrode placement on CI stimulation patterns is critical to improving auditory perception. Methods: In this study, an analysis was conducted to investigate the influence of sound source position and electrode placement on CI stimulation patterns under noisy conditions. For this purpose, a special measurement setup with a CI speech processor-microphone test box was used to simulate realistic listening scenarios and measure CI performance. Results: The results show that the effectiveness of CI noise reduction systems is influenced by factors such as the position of the sound source and electrode placement. In particular, the beamforming ultra zoom mode showed significantly better noise reduction than the omnidirectional mode, especially under real listening conditions. Furthermore, differences in electrode responses indicate individual variability in the CI user experience, highlighting the importance of personalized fitting algorithms. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the importance of considering environmental factors and individual differences when optimizing CI performance. Future research efforts should focus on the development of personalized fitting algorithms and the exploration of innovative strategies, such as the integration of artificial intelligence, to improve CI functionality in different listening environments. This study contributes to our understanding of CI stimulation patterns and lays the foundation for improving auditory perception in CI users.展开更多
Background.Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)and greater amounts of physical activity have been associated with lower intraindividual variability(IIV)in executive function in children and older adults.In ...Background.Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)and greater amounts of physical activity have been associated with lower intraindividual variability(IIV)in executive function in children and older adults.In the present study,we examined whether CRF,measured as maximal oxygen uptake(VO2max),and daily volume of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA)were associated with IIV of reaction time during performance of the incongruent condition of the Stroop task in younger adults.Further,we examined whether the thickness of the cingulate cortex was associated with regulating variability in reaction time performance in the context of CRF or physical activity.Methods:CRF(measured as VO2max),accelerometry-measured MVPA,Stroop performance,and thickness of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex(rACC)derived from magnetic resonance imaging data were collected in 48 younger adults(age=24.58±4.95 years,mean±SD).Multiple regression was used to test associations between IIV during the Stroop task and CRF,MVPA,and rACC thickness.Mediation was tested using maximum likelihood estimation with bootstrapping.Results:Consistent with our predictions,higher VO2max was associated with greater rACC thickness for the right hemisphere and greater daily amounts of MVPA were associated with greater rACC thickness for both the left and right hemispheres.Greater thickness of the right rACC was associated with lower IIV for the incongruent condition of the Stroop task.CRF and MVPA were not directly associated with IIV.However,we did find that IIV and both CRF and MVPA were indirectly associated via the thickness of the right rACC.Conclusion:These results indicate that higher CRF and greater daily volume of MVPA may be associated with lower IIV during the Stroop task via structural integrity of the rACC.Randomized controlled trials of MVPA would provide crucial information about the causal relations between these variables.展开更多
文摘Background: Cochlear implants (CI) are widely used to restore hearing in people with severe to profound hearing loss. However, optimizing CI performance, especially in difficult listening environments with background noise, remains a major challenge. Understanding the influence of factors such as sound source position and electrode placement on CI stimulation patterns is critical to improving auditory perception. Methods: In this study, an analysis was conducted to investigate the influence of sound source position and electrode placement on CI stimulation patterns under noisy conditions. For this purpose, a special measurement setup with a CI speech processor-microphone test box was used to simulate realistic listening scenarios and measure CI performance. Results: The results show that the effectiveness of CI noise reduction systems is influenced by factors such as the position of the sound source and electrode placement. In particular, the beamforming ultra zoom mode showed significantly better noise reduction than the omnidirectional mode, especially under real listening conditions. Furthermore, differences in electrode responses indicate individual variability in the CI user experience, highlighting the importance of personalized fitting algorithms. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the importance of considering environmental factors and individual differences when optimizing CI performance. Future research efforts should focus on the development of personalized fitting algorithms and the exploration of innovative strategies, such as the integration of artificial intelligence, to improve CI functionality in different listening environments. This study contributes to our understanding of CI stimulation patterns and lays the foundation for improving auditory perception in CI users.
基金supported by funding to KIE from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (http://www. niddk.nih.gov/Pages/default.aspx), grant number R01 DK095172supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (https://www.nimh.nih.gov/index.shtml), grant T32 MH109986supported by CAPES-Coordenagao de Aperfeigoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (http://www.capes.gov.br/), Finance Code 001
文摘Background.Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)and greater amounts of physical activity have been associated with lower intraindividual variability(IIV)in executive function in children and older adults.In the present study,we examined whether CRF,measured as maximal oxygen uptake(VO2max),and daily volume of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA)were associated with IIV of reaction time during performance of the incongruent condition of the Stroop task in younger adults.Further,we examined whether the thickness of the cingulate cortex was associated with regulating variability in reaction time performance in the context of CRF or physical activity.Methods:CRF(measured as VO2max),accelerometry-measured MVPA,Stroop performance,and thickness of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex(rACC)derived from magnetic resonance imaging data were collected in 48 younger adults(age=24.58±4.95 years,mean±SD).Multiple regression was used to test associations between IIV during the Stroop task and CRF,MVPA,and rACC thickness.Mediation was tested using maximum likelihood estimation with bootstrapping.Results:Consistent with our predictions,higher VO2max was associated with greater rACC thickness for the right hemisphere and greater daily amounts of MVPA were associated with greater rACC thickness for both the left and right hemispheres.Greater thickness of the right rACC was associated with lower IIV for the incongruent condition of the Stroop task.CRF and MVPA were not directly associated with IIV.However,we did find that IIV and both CRF and MVPA were indirectly associated via the thickness of the right rACC.Conclusion:These results indicate that higher CRF and greater daily volume of MVPA may be associated with lower IIV during the Stroop task via structural integrity of the rACC.Randomized controlled trials of MVPA would provide crucial information about the causal relations between these variables.
