Characteristic Changes Defined via Comparison of the Big-Five Personalities in Japanese University Freshmen from Years 2000 to 2016

Introduction: With the arrival of the 21st century, drastic worldwide changes to natural, economic and social events have occurred. These include the Great East Japan Earthquake, and the global financial crisis. Furthermore, Japan experienced the introduction of a specific education system. In this study, we traced and compared the psychological characters of university freshmen for 16 years (years 2000-2016) using Big-Five personalities inventory (Japanese version). Methods: A total of 1189 physically and mentally healthy university freshmen participated in this study. They were divided into four groups according to the year they entered university. They completed a self-filled questionnaire, Big-Five personalities inventory, which consists of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness and Openness. Result and Discussion: Compared with the year 2008, Extraversion nominally increased in 2012, however, it statistically significantly decreased in 2016. Agreeableness notably decreased from 2000 to 2008, then showed an increase in 2012. Compared to 2000, Neuroticism was statistically significantly lower in 2008 and 2016. Such statistically significant differences were not observed in the other two personalities. The personalities of university freshmen have changed in the last 16 years, which may be been caused by drastic changes. However, further research (e.g., larger-scale studies or studies including other university students) is required to support the current findings.

Different handsets,different personalities

iPhone owners are vainer(虚荣)and spend more on clothes and grooming(仪容)than those who have BlackBerrys and Android phones,new research claims.BlackBerry owners earn the most and are more likely to have long-term relationships,while people with Android handsets are most creative and the best cooks.The study,carried out by TalkTalk Mobile,surveyed2,000 owners of the three major smartphone brands to determine whether the choice of handset was an

Covariation between personalities and individual differences in coping with stress:Converging evidence and hypotheses

In the past decade there has been a profusion of studies highlighting covariation between individual differences in stress physiology and behavioural profiles, here called personalities. Such individual differences in ways of coping with stress are relevant both in biomedicine, since different personalities may experience a different stress and disease vulnerability, and in behavioural ecology, since their adaptive value and evolutionary maintenance are the subject of debate. However, the precise way in which individual stress differences and personalities are linked is unclear. Here we provide an updated overview of this covariation across different species and taxa, consider its functional significance and present working hypotheses for how behavioural and physiological responses to stress might be causally linked, affecting life-history traits such as dispersal and life-span [Current Zoology 56 （6）： 728-740, 2010].

Analysis of the Positive Personalities of Scarlett in Gone with the Wind

Gone with the Wind,the masterpiece of the Margaret,M who has spent about ten years on writing this novel and it takes over half a year of her to verify the specific time and place of the involved historical event.Once the masterpiece is published on June 30,1936,it soon broke several records in sales of American publishing;later,it won the prize of Pulitzer and Association of American publishers.While the leading lady of this novel,Scarlett,become an object of admiration among thousands of people.What attract the readerséyes deeply is her unique origin,outstanding features and noble actions.In the meantime,the charming personality of Margaret's Scarlett has conquered us.She is strong to the difficulties;she is persistent to her love;and she is witty to her family.She is the strongest among the people who has endured the hardship as her no matter she has suffered from the war,the poor and leaving her family.What makes her be responsible to the Taylor Manor is her braveness.At the end of the story,she still tells us:tomorrow is another day! We admire her positive attitude to life,and this is why the female character can be everlasting.

Human-Related Emotional Stimuli Can Cause a Hippocampal and Thalamic Over-Response in People with Unstable Personalities

Hippocampus is crucial for the formation of emotional memory. We found the relationship between hippocampal responses to emotional stimuli and the mental stabilities of people in our preliminary study. In this study, we have also evaluated how the emotional stimuli would affect amygdala and thalamus in the brain, and how the personality stabilities could relate to the responses in the brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We evaluated the subjects’ personality features with the Yatabe-Guilford Personality Test (Y-G test) and psychosomatic symptoms with the Cornell Medical Index (CMI). The subjects were categorized into the mentally stable group and the mentally unstable group according to the total scores of the Y-G test and the CMI. The brain functional responses under emotional stimuli were measured using fMRI. The region of interest (ROI) analysis was performed to abstract significant changes in order to compare responses among the different emotional stimuli. We conducted the regression analysis to abstract the relationship between the mean % signal change from fMRI and the personality stability. The fMRI results showed that the hippocampus, thalamus, and right amygdala activities under the human relationship stimuli increased with ascending value of mental instability. Our findings suggest that the memory process in the hippocampus and the threat alarm system in the thalamus under the human-related stimuli crucially influence the emotional reaction of mentally unstable people. These processes in the brain would affect the event that stresses on human relationships that often cause people to suffer from mental disorders.

Differences of Confucianism and Individualism on the Development of Chinese and American Personalities

Different personalities are shaped by different cultures.Chinese Confucianism and American Individualism took totally different developing routes.Understanding and contemplating their differences in personality can greatly enhance inter-cultural communication between these two countries.Based on the present researches and studies,this paper discusses the differences and current situation of Chinese and American personalities.Relevant suggestions are initiated aiming at learning from each other’s strong points and bridging the gap as to enhance the development of healthy personality and harmonious world.

Differences in the Personalities of Two Miser-type Characters-Shylock and Jia Ren

For centuries, various miserly figures have been portrayed both in Chinese and alien literature. Shylock and Jia Ren are such characters in two famous plays. This thesis explores and analyses the differences in their personalities in order to bring a deepened understanding of miser-type characters as the outcome of their societies.

An Analysis of the Heroine's Personalities in A Tale of Two Cities

Lucie was full of love in that period in which The French Revolution was happening. In that cold-blooded era which was lack of positive energy, Lucie used her own warm heart to influence others, to let other people strongly feel that there were love, kindness and humanity still existing in their society. Lucie was such a kind and loving person. Her relationship with three important characters and many things happening among them were vividly presented in A Tale of Two Cities. To a large extent, as the main female character, Lucie was different from Madame Defarge. Madame Defarge was full of hatred and revenge. She was just aware of the harm that others had had taken to her relatives and kept it in mind firmly, rather than melt it into haze. By contrast, Lucie would transform her hatred into love.

An Analysis of Personalities in The Rocking-Horse Winner from the Perspective of Cooperative Principle

Language serves for the expression of mind.By analyzing the conversations in the short story The Rocking-Horse Winner from the perspective of Grice’s cooperative principle,the paper draws a conclusion about the distinct personalities of the protago nists in the novel.According to the findings,the conversational implicature of the protagonists actually reflects their different char acters which are or aren’t the results of the industrial background,hypocritical or pure,greedy or diligent.In this way,the study hopes to provide readers an access to a deep understanding of the story and drive them to care more about the ever important yet complex parents-child,especially mother-child relation.

Personalities and health in older cat and dog owners: A HUNT-study

The aim of this population study was to identify personality traits among older (>65 years) male and female owners of cats and dogs and to compare their general health status in relation to their personality. Further, the aim was to examine whether current cat and dog ownership could be predicted by the owners’ personality and health. Data were collected from the North-Tr&#248ndelag Health Study (HUNT) in Norway. Included were a total of 1897 cat or dog owners between the ages of 65 years and 101 years. The results showed that there were a higher proportion of introverted male cat owners than extraverted ones. Moreover, a majority of women with cats reported that their health was not good. Furthermore, female cat owners who displayed higher scores on neurotic traits experienced significantly poorer health compared to those female cat owners that experienced good health. The same was true for female cat owners who considered themselves to be introverted. Neither personality nor health could predict pet-ownership, but it was more likely for older individuals (80-101 years) to own a cat than a dog. This study has shown that human personality is associated with cat and dog ownership, but there are other factors connected with pet ownership as well.

Spastin and alsin protein interactome analyses begin to reveal key canonical pathways and suggest novel druggable targets

Developing effective and long-term treatment strategies for rare and complex neurodegenerative diseases is challenging. One of the major roadblocks is the extensive heterogeneity among patients. This hinders understanding the underlying disease-causing mechanisms and building solutions that have implications for a broad spectrum of patients. One potential solution is to develop personalized medicine approaches based on strategies that target the most prevalent cellular events that are perturbed in patients. Especially in patients with a known genetic mutation, it may be possible to understand how these mutations contribute to problems that lead to neurodegeneration. Protein–protein interaction analyses offer great advantages for revealing how proteins interact, which cellular events are primarily involved in these interactions, and how they become affected when key genes are mutated in patients. This line of investigation also suggests novel druggable targets for patients with different mutations. Here, we focus on alsin and spastin, two proteins that are identified as “causative” for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and hereditary spastic paraplegia, respectively, when mutated. Our review analyzes the protein interactome for alsin and spastin, the canonical pathways that are primarily important for each protein domain, as well as compounds that are either Food and Drug Administration–approved or are in active clinical trials concerning the affected cellular pathways. This line of research begins to pave the way for personalized medicine approaches that are desperately needed for rare neurodegenerative diseases that are complex and heterogeneous.

Animal personalities and their implications for complex signaling

Animal personalities have been a major focus of behavioral ecology over the past decade. Consistent individual dif ferences in behavior have been found across taxa, and have been shown to influence a range of ecological processes. The role of personalities in sexual selection has been considered, and examples exist that show selection for personality traits with both assortative and disassortative mating patterns between personality types. One overlooked aspect of the personality and sexual se lection literature is the potential for personalitysignaling interactions, specifically with complex signaling. Complex signaling is a diverse topic in itself, and in short, consists of multiple signals within one or more modalities that interact to elicit a receiver response. Research into complex signaling has been thorough, although at times studies discover complex signaling systems that fail to fit into one of the existing hypotheses in the literature. Here, we argue that personalities may interact with complex signal ing, which should be considered by researchers of both personality and sexual selection and communication. We describe several ways in which personalitycomplex signaling interactions could affect both the signaler and receiver, and the way in which they may drive personalityspecific signals as well as receiver preferences. Finally, we discuss how considering personality in com plex signaling studies may inform theory as well as improve the ability of researchers to accurately describe its function.

Coloring Children’s Personalities

Children’s picture books are emerging in China"When I grew up, I studied hard out of fear that my parents wouldn’t love me any more if I fell behind others," said Nei-Yuh Huang, a professor at the National Taiwan

Genes Linked to High-Risk Personalities

“江山易改,本性难移”。随着基因研究的发展,我们似乎应该对这一古话加上一点新的注解了。本文介绍的科学研究告诉我们,人的性格有可能是由 某些基因决定的,而不同的性格又使人形成不同的行为习惯。譬如说你吸烟,这不能怪你自己,而是因为你父母遗传给你的基因致使你养成了这样的习惯。这听上去是不是有点像在逃避责任,为自己的不良嗜好寻找一个光明正大的借口呢!

多主体协同开发社区教育课程的PERSONAL模式探索——基于“我爱我家”的个案研究

通过对“我爱我家”这一社区自发课程的跟踪调查,发现社区自发课程开发实质上是一个组织学习过程,经过个体直觉、知识解释、知识整合等环节实现组织的制度化学习,在推动学习型无边界组织生成的同时,生成社区教育课程。在这一过程中,政策(policies)支持、专家(expert)指导、区域需求和区域特征(regional)、社区系统(system)、组织化(organization)等多要素叠加发挥作用,通过不断拓展新鲜(new)领域的积极行动(action)整合所有资源,并推动跨越边界的学习(learning)贯穿始终。因此,多主体协同的社区自发课程可以不完全地概括为PERSONAL模式。要以PERSONAL模式发展社区自发课程,需要以学习者为中心,注重发展人际互动,营造有利于跨组织交互学习的教育生态系统。

Personal Thermal Management by Radiative Cooling and Heating

Maintaining thermal comfort within the human body is crucial for optimal health and overall well-being.By merely broadening the setpoint of indoor temperatures,we could significantly slash energy usage in building heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning systems.In recent years,there has been a surge in advancements in personal thermal management(PTM),aiming to regulate heat and moisture transfer within our immediate surroundings,clothing,and skin.The advent of PTM is driven by the rapid development in nano/micro-materials and energy science and engineering.An emerging research area in PTM is personal radiative thermal management(PRTM),which demonstrates immense potential with its high radiative heat transfer efficiency and ease of regulation.However,it is less taken into account in traditional textiles,and there currently lies a gap in our knowledge and understanding of PRTM.In this review,we aim to present a thorough analysis of advanced textile materials and technologies for PRTM.Specifically,we will introduce and discuss the underlying radiation heat transfer mechanisms,fabrication methods of textiles,and various indoor/outdoor applications in light of their different regulation functionalities,including radiative cooling,radiative heating,and dual-mode thermoregulation.Furthermore,we will shine a light on the current hurdles,propose potential strategies,and delve into future technology trends for PRTM with an emphasis on functionalities and applications.

Dynamic Hand Gesture-Based Person Identification Using Leap Motion and Machine Learning Approaches

Person identification is one of the most vital tasks for network security. People are more concerned about theirsecurity due to traditional passwords becoming weaker or leaking in various attacks. In recent decades, fingerprintsand faces have been widely used for person identification, which has the risk of information leakage as a resultof reproducing fingers or faces by taking a snapshot. Recently, people have focused on creating an identifiablepattern, which will not be reproducible falsely by capturing psychological and behavioral information of a personusing vision and sensor-based techniques. In existing studies, most of the researchers used very complex patternsin this direction, which need special training and attention to remember the patterns and failed to capturethe psychological and behavioral information of a person properly. To overcome these problems, this researchdevised a novel dynamic hand gesture-based person identification system using a Leap Motion sensor. Thisstudy developed two hand gesture-based pattern datasets for performing the experiments, which contained morethan 500 samples, collected from 25 subjects. Various static and dynamic features were extracted from the handgeometry. Randomforest was used to measure feature importance using the Gini Index. Finally, the support vectormachinewas implemented for person identification and evaluate its performance using identification accuracy. Theexperimental results showed that the proposed system produced an identification accuracy of 99.8% for arbitraryhand gesture-based patterns and 99.6% for the same dynamic hand gesture-based patterns. This result indicatedthat the proposed system can be used for person identification in the field of security.

Non-small cell lung cancer organoids:Advances and challenges in current applications

Lung cancer is emerging as a common malignancy worldwide,with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounting for approximately 85%of all cases.Two-dimensional(2D)in vitro cell line cultures and animal models are currently used to study NSCLC.However,2D cell cultures fail to replicate the medication response and neoplastic heterogeneity of parental tumors.Animal models are expensive and require lengthy modeling cycles.The generation of in vitro three-dimensional(3D)tissue cultures called organoids,which exhibit multicellular,anatomical,and functional properties of real organs,is now achievable owing to advancements in stem cell culturing.The genetic,proteomic,morphological,and pharmacological characteristics of tumors are largely preserved in tumor organoids grown in vitro.The design and physiology of human organs can be precisely reconstructed in tumor organoids,opening new possibilities for complementing the use of animal models and studying human diseases.This review summarizes the development of NSCLC organoids and their applications in basic research,drug testing,immunotherapy,and individualized treatments.

Correlation of personality with individual reproductive success in shrub-nesting birds depends on their life history style

Two questions in the research of animal personality—whether there is a correlation between a personality trait and individual reproductive success,and what is the genetic basis underlying a personality trait—remain unresolved.We addressed these two questions in three shrub-nesting birds,the Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus,AM),White-collared Blackbird(Turdus albocinctus,WB),and Brown-cheeked Laughingthrush(Trochalopteron henrici,BL).The personality type of an individual was first identified according to its response to a territorial intruder.Then,we compared the fleeing distance,breeding parameters,and differential expressed genes(DEGs) in the brain transcriptome between bold and shy breeders.In the three species,bold breeders exhibited more aggressiveness towards an intruder of their territory than did shy breeders.The reproductive success of bold breeders was significantly higher than that of shy breeders in AM but not in WB and BL.The three species shared one DEG,crabp1,which was up-regulated in bold relative to in shy individuals.By regulating the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone,higher crabp1 gene expression can decrease cellular response to retinoic acid.Therefore,bold individuals are insensitive to external stresses and able to exhibit more aggressiveness to intruders than their shier counterparts.Aggressiveness is beneficial to bold individuals in AM but not in WB and BL because the former could evoke neighbors to make the same response of defending against intruders but the latter could not.Although a personality trait may have the same genetic basis across species,its correlation with reproductive success depends largely on the life history style of a species.

Mutations in Ras homolog family member A in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma and implications for personalized medicine

Genome sequencing has revealed frequent mutations in Ras homolog family member A(RHOA)among various cancers with unique aberrant profiles and pathogenic effects,especially in peripheral T-cell lymphoma(PTCL).The discrete positional distribution and types of RHOA amino acid substitutions vary according to the tumor type,thereby leading to different functional and biological properties,which provide new insight into the molecular pathogenesis and potential targeted therapies for various tumors.However,the similarities and discrepancies in characteristics of RHOA mutations among various histologic subtypes of PTCL have not been fully elucidated.Herein we highlight the inconsistencies and complexities of the type and location of RHOA mutations and demonstrate the contribution of RHOA variants to the pathogenesis of PTCL by combining epigenetic abnormalities and activating multiple downstream pathways.The promising potential of targeting RHOA as a therapeutic modality is also outlined.This review provides new insight in the field of personalized medicine to improve the clinical outcomes for patients.